ABSTRACT The main aim of orbital fracture reconstruction is to restore the functional and aesthetic components of the eye. However, it is known that surgery for complex three-dimensional anatomy of the orbit is always a challenge. With recent advancements in technology, surgical predictability and outcomes have greatly improved. Several methods for orbital reconstruction surgery have been documented such as virtual surgical planning, intraoperative navigation, intraoperative imaging, and the use of patient-specific implant (PSI). PSI made of titanium can be designed by using a computer-aided design process and manufacturing (CAD-CAM) of CT-scan routinely used during diagnostic imaging. With precise analyses in shape and size followed by personalised implant design, the surgical precision can be alleviated further and at the same time, the surgical duration could be reduced with anticipation of better surgical outcomes. However, meticulous planning needs to be done preoperatively, with the timing of the surgery being an important factor. In the present case, pure orbital blowout fracture primarily treated with a personalised-implant solution derived from 3D-printing technology is described. Both pre-surgical and surgical workflow of this computer-assisted surgical method is elaborated. PSI for primary orbital reconstruction can be regarded as a viable alternative surgical solution including its working timeframe and adherence to the surgical protocol or algorithm.
Orbital Fractures--surgery ; Orbital Implants

Dense bone islands (DBI) are benign intra-bony osteosclerotic lesions that are often asymptomatic and found incidentally on dental radiographs. DBI in patients requiring orthodontic treatment may influence the success of tooth movement through the lesion, the implications for the management of anchorage, possible increased risk of root resorption or whether the lesion needs to be excised prior to orthodontic treatment. Although there are many case reports pertaining to DBIs, very few involve those requiring orthodontic treatment. The diagnosis, management, and outcomes of three cases diagnosed with DBI are described in which orthodontic treatment has been undertaken in patients with DBIs.
Orthodontic Space Closure