Gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulates the biosynthesis and release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). GnRH is also known as luteinizing hormone releasing horome (LHRH).
GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE ; GENITAL DISEASES, FEMALE

Objective: To determine the effect of metformin on maternal and neonatal outcome among pregnant Filipino women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methodology: This is a retrospective cohort study of PCOS women who were on metformin treatment prior to achieving pregnancy. The women were divided into two groups: women who continued metformin during pregnancy and women who discontinued metformin at the time the pregnancy was confirmed. Determination of the effect of metformin on pregnancy outcomes were analyzed using chi-square test. Multivariate regression analysis was used to determine the factors related to spontaneous abortion. Result: A total of 101 women continued metformin during pregnancy while 60 women discontinued metformin. Women who continued metformin had lower rates of first trimester spontaneous abortion compared to those who discontinued metformin (5% versus 36.2%, p<0.001). There was no significant difference in gestational diabetes between those who continued and discontinued metformin during pregnancy (19.0% versus 32.6%, p=0.07). Logistic regression analysis showed that only metformin during pregnancy has a protective effect on abortion (OR=0.168; 95% CI 0.048,0.592; p=0.005). The differences in neonatal outcomes between the two groups did not achieve statistical significance. Conclusion In Filipino women with PCOS, continuous use of metformin during pregnancy reduces the rate of first trimester spontaneous abortion
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ; Pregnancy Complications ; Metformin

Objective: This study aims to establish baseline information on the practice of minimally invasive gynecologic surgery (MIGS) among Filipino gynecologic endoscopists amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: MATERIALS AND METHODS: An online survey was conducted among Fellows of the Philippine Society for Gynecologic Endoscopy (PSGE) practicing in private and government hospitals in the Philippines after informed consent. The survey had five subsections: (1) demographic data, (2) impact of COVID-19 pandemic on MIGS practice, (3) changes of practice during the COVID-19 pandemic, and (4) changes in the conduct of surgery and postoperative care. Results: A total of 119 out of 144 PSGE Fellows based in the Philippines participated in the survey, 83% were Fellows in both laparoscopy and hysteroscopy. The majority had more than 15 years of practice and were practicing in the National Capital Region. Surgeries were canceled initially but have since resumed. The majority were hysteroscopy cases, the most common being polypectomy. Majority of the respondents reduced their clinic hours and appointments. Most have used telemedicine for consultations. Use of face masks, face shields, and personal protective equipment (PPE) were the top precautions taken in the clinics. Screening and precautions per guidelines inside the operating room setting were observed. Modifications during surgery include the use of smoke evacuators, minimizing energy device use, and wearing enhanced PPE. Conclusion The volume of laparoscopy and hysteroscopy cases was greatly reduced during the pandemic. The pandemic has disrupted the practice of MIGS both in the outpatient clinics and the operating rooms. Most of the changes made are congruent to local and international automotive task force guidelines. Precautionary measures and screening procedures must remain in place to reduce the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 transmission to patients and health-care workers.
COVID-19 ; Personal Protective Equipment ; Telemedicine