264 clavicles from 132 Chinese Han nationality adult males of known age (17—76 years)were used for this study.The specimens were collected from Yunnanprovince,Guizhou province,Guangxi autonomous region and Shandong province.Changes of facies and margo articularis sternalis,facies and margo articularis acro-mialis and the back of extremitate acromialis near the margo bear relation to chan-ges with age.The changes of clavicles in these areas were divided into five phases.Statistical analysis revealed that the features chosen to delineate the various phasesare valid indicators of age.This study has shown that the clavicle can provide anaccurate estimation for age in Han nationality adult male spanning the age of 17 to76 years.

Objective To construct the functions for sex discrimination with Chinese humerus. Methods 12 variables of both left and right were selected from 103 individuals with known sex from 9 different provinces. The data were then obtained. The test was performed between males and females by using SPSS soft ware. After eliminate those variables which sex difference was not obvious. Sex discriminating functions were established by using Fisher mothod. Results There were 20 discriminating functions by the measuring single Chinese humerus, Sex correct rate was 75.9% ~89.3%. They were 2 discriminating functions of the proximal humerus epiphysis. The sex correct rate was 83.6% -85.7%. They were 2 discriminating functions of the middle humerus diaphysis. The sex correct rate was 81.3 % -83.9 %. They were 2 discriminating functions of the distal humerus epiphysis. The sex correct rate was 82%. The sex correct rate of the whole left humerus was 87% and of the whole right humerus was 90.9%. The sex correst rate of both left and right humerus was 96.3 % . Conclusion The sex discriminating functions were new method for forensic science practice in China.

objective To establish a method to do identification of Chinese Han nationality adult skull CT films.Methods Collect skull CT films of Chinese Han nationality adult according including criterion.We use the image processing and measure function of efilms 2.0 to do observation and measurement for the 12 identification indexes.And more,we make the classific code for each result of the indexes.Then we make a 12-bit identification code for the skull CT films by order.We use SPSS 13.0 to do statistical analysis on the difference of the age and sex by using the data we had collected.Last we use discrimination power formula to calculate the discrimination power of the individual index and total indexes.Results There are six indexes among twelve identification indexes have sexual differentiation;The discrimination power of the twelve indexes adding up together is 99.9997997%.Conclusion We make sure that there are 12 indexes for skull CT films of Chinese Han nationality adult in this study.Using the index classific code we carry out the identification of Chinese Han nationality adult skull CT films.

Objective To study age-related structural changes of proximal humerusin Chinese Han adults,for the application inage estimation.Methods Shoulder joint computed radiographs(CR) of 210 Chinese Han adults were sampled,with 124 males aging from 18 to 83 years old and 86 females aging 18 to 60 years old.Four observation indexes (the height of humerus bone marrow cavity,the change of trabecular bone in proximal humeral epiphysis,the change of trabecular bone in humeral macronodular and the change of trabecular bone in subacromial-clavicular bone marrow cavity) related with age were observed and scored.The regression equations of age estimation and change scores were established and tested statistically.Results Every index wasclosely correlated with the age changes inadults.The changes of trabecular bone in proximal humeral epiphysis and the changes of trabecular bone in subacromialclavicular bone marrow cavity have much better effects than the height of humerus bone marrow cavity and the changes of trabecular bone in humeral macronodular.The regression equations could predict the age of Chinese Han adults with satisfactory accuracy.Conclusion CR changes of the height of humerus bone marrow cavity,the changes of trabecular bone in proximal humeral epiphysis,the changes of trabecular bone in humeral macronodular and the changes of trabecular bone in subacromial-clavieular bone marrow cavity can bepracticallyusefulin age estimation for Chinese Han adults.

Objective To establish the equation of chest CR for the estimation of age, and evaluate the significance of forensic medicine. Methods 5 measurements were selected to carry on the independent samples, and the status were analyzed by SPSS 19.0. Results The 5 measurements and age were line-related(P<0.05); Three group regression models were formulated; In a separate test, a control sample of 30 chest CR that not involved with formulating the regression equation was correctly estimated with 73.3% to 86.7% accuracy within 3 years. Conclusion The method set up in this paper can be used to estimate the age of Chinese Han adults.

Study on the changes of osteophiphysis observed on the X ray film is quite practical for the age estimation of male teenager.210 male teenager cases,13～20 years old,from North China were studied for age estimation.Radiographic plates were taken from the following articles:shoulder joint,elbow joint,wrist joint,hipjoint,knee joint,ankle joint.Pedis 27 characteristics were found,phased and scored.By which the regression equations were constructed with SPSS.Four regression equations with highest multi relationship coefficient(r=0 758～0 787)and lowest standard error(SE=1 0136～1 0701)were then selected.The method presented here is quite useful for the age estimation of the teenage group in North China.

Objective To establish a method used for qualitative determination of aconitine in biological samples by GC/MS. Methods using MSTFA as derivative reagent and pyridine as solvent leaving in 60℃ for 30min then detected by GC/MS-SIM. Results The limit of detection of aconitine was 20ng (S/N≥100). Conclusion This method is sensitive, fast, and accurate. It is useful for forensic medical practice.

Objective To set up the method of estimation of age for Chinese girls at the age of 11-16 years according to their characteristic of radiographic changes in articulations of bone. Methods The samples of the X-ray photograph were come out of 6 articulations of humeri, cubiti, manus, coaxe, genus and ankle from 150 girls, ranging in age from 11-16 years old, in Henan province, North of China. The radiographic characteristics of osteoepiphysis at these joints were observed carefully and classified. The data were analyzed with the SPSS package. Result Regression equation was made for radiographic determine of age for Chinese girls at the age of 11-16 years. Conclusion The equation can be used for forensic practice about the determine of age.

This study was made in order to esablish the method of the stature estimation of Chinese fe- males by measurement of the lumbar vertebrae.10 measurements for 37 lumbar vertebrae form Chinese fe- males of known age and stature were measured by the anthropometry.The analysis of the correlation be- tween the measurement results and the stature as well as the regression equations were made with the SPSS soft wear.The regression equations for the stature estimation of the Chinese females were as followsL1-5. L_1:Y= 592.010+0.161X_1+16.596X_2+13.922X_4+3.428X_5;r=0.751;s=45.0171.L_2:Y=641.280+19.733X_2- 0.420X_5+9.981X_6;r=0.698;s=48.2804.L_3:Y=516.200+26.079X_2+8.081X_6;r=0.758;s=43.3508.L_4:Y =1071.436+11.1133X_5;r=0.497;s=56.0890.L_5:Y=1111.890+4.17820X_5+10.335X_9;r=0.606;s= 53.3158.The regression equations can be used for the stature estimation of Chinese females.

BACKGROUND: Cerebral ischemia and reperfusion affects not only cellular necrosis at acute stage, but also delayed neuronal apoptosis in central neural system.OBJECTIVE: To observe apoptosis rate, necrosis rate and expression of Bcl-2 and Bax apoptpsis-regulating proteins in hippocampal neurons at various reperfusion stages of complete cerebral ischemia in rats so as to probe into the regulation of injury induced by complete cerebral ischemia and reperfusion.DESIGN: Randomized control experiment.SETTING: Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Anesthesiology in Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital University of Medical Sciences.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed in Beijing Institute of Neurosurgery Affiliated to Capital University of Medical Sciences from January 2003 to January 2004. Totally 33 healthy adult male Wistar rats of clean grade were employed, randomized in 5 groups, named ischemia +reperfusion 24 hours group (24 hours group) (7 rats), ischemia + reperfusion 48 hours group (48 hours group) (7 rats), ischemia + reperfusion 72hours group (72 hours group) (7 rats), ischemia + reperfusion 7 days group (7 days group) (7 rats) and sham-operation control (control) (5 rats).INTERVENTIONS: Model of complete cerebral ischemia and reperfusion was prepared in rat. Cerebral hippocampal tissues were collected in 24, 48,72 hours and 7 days after reperfusion successively. The flow cytometer was used to determine cellular apoptosis rate and necrosis rate and expression of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins in cerebral hippocampal neurons in rats.percentages of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins.hippocampal neurons in 7 days group was the highest [(24.59±0.97) %].The peak value of necrosis rate presented in 24 hours group [(16.67±1.04)%], which was remarkably higher than the control [(1.28±0.50)%,low [(1.07±0.27)%], but high expression of Bax presented [(46.09±5.37)%].and reperfusion [(14.41±0.67)%] and the peak value of Bax protein presented in 72 hours after ischemia and reperfusion [(77.38±1.52)%].CONCLUSION: Hippocampal neuronal apoptosis rate is increased gradually and expression of Bcl-2 and Bax apoptosis-regulating genes was increased abnormally after injury induced by complete cerebral ischemia and reperfusion, which suggests that Bcl-1 and Bax proteins are involved in apoptosis regulation in the injury induced by complete cerebral ischemia and reperfusion.