Field operations,work and war on plateau is an important part of future war. It is necessary to study the early treatment and evacuation of scull injury. Research and survey were made in 7 field hospitals and hundreds of records were summaried before treatment criterion in early phase was put forward for patients on plateau as well as the evacuation in different level and stage,which aims to actively save patients' lives within limited time and reduce the death rate and prevent deformity. References are provided for war,training,and construction in battlefield.

The present study aimed to study the effects of applying mixed probiotics in the feed on growth performance,antioxidant activity and immune function in yellow-feathered broilers.Three hundred sixty yellow-feathered broilers at 10-day-old were divided into 4 groups.Group A was fed with basal diets,group B with basal diets added 50 g/t mixed probiotics,group C with basal diets added 100 g/t mixed probiotics and group D with basal diets added 300 g/t mixed probiotics.Each group included 9 replicates(10 birds per replicates),and the experiment lasted 50 days.Results showed that group D got the highest average daily gain(ADG) of all groups,and compared with the control group A,ADG was increased by 4.11％ (P＜0.05).Group B got the lowest feed-gain ratio of all groups,and the feed-gain ratio was decreased by 4.58％(P＜0.05) compared with the control group A.Group D got significantly increased duodenal villous length,serum antioxidant index and antibody titer(P＜0.05) compared with the control group A.The effects of mixed probiotics on the growth performance,antioxidant activity and immune function were distinct in yellow-feathered broilers,and 100 g/t mixed probiotics was recommended.

Based on the data from Shandong Province death registration system in 2015, the mortality rate was adjusted by the results of underreporting rate investigation, and the probability of premature death of non-communicable diseases was calculated by life table method. A total of 728 287 deaths caused by four main non-communicable diseases (NCDs) including cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, malignant tumor, diabetes, and chronic respiratory disease, accounting for 85.83% of the total death in 2015. The death of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and malignant tumor accounted for 50.90% and 25.69% respectively. The probability of premature death was 17.84%. The probability in males was higher than that in females (23.12% vs 12.25%). The highest probability of premature death in urban was cancer, but in rural was cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The probability increased from the East areas to the West. The highest probability reached at 21.50% in the Western underdeveloped areas, and the lowest probability was in Dongying City (14.84%) and Weihai City (14.94%) in the coastal areas.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the prevalence and distribution characteristics of dyslipidemia among Shandong residents aged 18-69 years.

METHODSThe levels of triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and total cholesterol (TC) were determined in fasting serum of 5 ml venous blood for subjects aged 18-69 years who were selected by multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling from 20 counties in July, 2011 in 140 counties of Shandong province. The prevalence of dyslipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, high blood LDL-C, low blood HDL-C and hypertriglyceridemia were analyzed by the complex weighting. The prevalence of dyslipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, high blood LDL-C, low blood HDL-C and hypertriglyceridemia were compared for different characteristics by Rao-Scott χ(2).

RESULTSThe prevalence of dyslipidemia among 15 350 subjects was 22.70% (3 572), with higher in males (26.91% (2 110/7 683)) than in females (18.41% (1 462/7 667)). The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia was 3.39% (n=582), with higher in Eastern Shandong (4.59% (185/3 704)). The prevalence of high blood LDL-C was 0.56% (n=94), with higher in Eastern Shandong (0.79% (32/3 074)). The prevalence of low blood HDL-C was 11.41% (n=1 789). The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia was 13.02% (n=2 059), higher in urban residents (16.54% (814/4 804)) than in rural (11.52% (1 245/10 546)) (χ(2)=71.54, P<0.001). The difference between the prevalence of low blood HDL-C and hypertriglyceridemia was not significant among Eastern Shandong, Central-South and Northwest.

CONCLUSIONDyslipidemia rate was higher among adult residents in Shandong province. The rate was higher for men than for women. The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia and high blood LDL-C were higher in Eastern Shandong than the other areas. The hypertriglyceridemia and low blood HDL-C were two major types of dyslipidemia.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Body Weight ; China ; epidemiology ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Cholesterol, HDL ; blood ; Cholesterol, LDL ; blood ; Dyslipidemias ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia ; epidemiology ; Hypertriglyceridemia ; epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Rural Population ; Triglycerides ; blood ; Urban Population ; Young Adult

In 2016, the median of 24-hour urinary sodium, sodium-to-potassium ratio, and sodium intake per capita of residents in Jiaodong area of Shandong Province were 161.7 ( IQR:120.5, 218.9) mmol/d, 3.4 ( IQR: 2.4, 5.0) and 9.5 ( IQR:7.1, 12.8) g/d, all were lower than that of 2011[193.3( IQR:149.2,243.3)mmol/d, 4.5( IQR:3.3,5.9), 11.3( IQR:8.7, 14.2)g/d] ( P<0.05); the median of 24-hour urinary potassium was 47.2 ( IQR:34.4, 66.5) mmol/d, higher than that of 2011[42.9( IQR:33.6,56.0)] ( P<0.05); the proportion of salt intake per capita per day exceeding 5 g (89.9%) was lower than that in 2011 (90.0%). The results of the generalized linear regression model showed that the 24-hour urinary sodium was positively correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure [β values were 0.04 (95% CI: 0.00, 0.07), 0.03 (95% CI 0.01, 0.05), respectively], and the sodium-to-potassium ratio was positively correlated with diastolic blood pressure [β(95% CI): 0.78 (0.09, 1.47)].

In 2016, the median of 24-hour urinary sodium, sodium-to-potassium ratio, and sodium intake per capita of residents in Jiaodong area of Shandong Province were 161.7 ( IQR:120.5, 218.9) mmol/d, 3.4 ( IQR: 2.4, 5.0) and 9.5 ( IQR:7.1, 12.8) g/d, all were lower than that of 2011[193.3( IQR:149.2,243.3)mmol/d, 4.5( IQR:3.3,5.9), 11.3( IQR:8.7, 14.2)g/d] ( P<0.05); the median of 24-hour urinary potassium was 47.2 ( IQR:34.4, 66.5) mmol/d, higher than that of 2011[42.9( IQR:33.6,56.0)] ( P<0.05); the proportion of salt intake per capita per day exceeding 5 g (89.9%) was lower than that in 2011 (90.0%). The results of the generalized linear regression model showed that the 24-hour urinary sodium was positively correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure [β values were 0.04 (95% CI: 0.00, 0.07), 0.03 (95% CI 0.01, 0.05), respectively], and the sodium-to-potassium ratio was positively correlated with diastolic blood pressure [β(95% CI): 0.78 (0.09, 1.47)].

It is found that acupuncture can significantly improve the clinical symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) such as pain and joint stiffness, and improve rheumatoid factor, high-sensitivity CRP, ESR and other clinical indicators. It can inhibit the proliferation of synovial cells, the apoptosis of chondrocytes, and regulate polarization balabce of mononuclear macrophages, T cells, as well as inhibit the inflammatory function of multiple immune cells, in order to improve inflammation state of RA joints. In clinical treatment of RA, bladder meridian, stomach meridian, spleen meridian , and Governor Vessel are mostly selected. Acupoints with the efficacy of warming meridian, dispelling coldness and dredging collaterals were commonly selected such as Zusanli (ST36), Yanglinquan (GB34), Dazhui (GV14), Quchi (LI11). Several researches have proved that combined therapy of acupuncture and medicine is worthy promotion in clinic.

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between salt consumption and blood pressure among residents in Shandong province, and to provide basic information for guiding people to prevent hypertension by reducing salt intake.

METHODSUsing multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method, 2 184 residents aged 18 to 69 were selected as the research subjects, which were extracted randomly from 20 counties in Shandong province in June, 2011. The blood pressure of the subjects were measured and weighted. Based on 72 h dietary recalls and weighing measurement, and according to the distribution of salt intake, the grouping cut-off points were 10, 14 and 18 g. The difference of subjects with different characteristics and systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and prevalence of hypertension by grouping salt intake and other characteristics were analyzed, and the relationship between salt intake and prevalence of hypertension were analyzed.

RESULTSThe total of 2 133 residents were involved finally, the completion rate was 97.7%. After the complex weighted, the systolic and diastolic blood pressure's means (95%CI value) of the subjects were 121.0 (119.5-122.5) mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa) and 78.5(77.4-79.6) mmHg respectively, which were all elevated with increasing of salt consumption. The blood pressure of the subjects with salt intake <10 g was the lowest, which were 119.6 (116.9-122.4) mmHg and 77.5(76.2-78.7) mmHg respectively. The blood pressure of the subjects with salt intake ≥ 18 g was the highest, which were 122.3(120.1-124.5) mmHg and 79.6(78.2-80.9) mmHg respectively. The analysis results showed that, among residents with normal waistline, the prevalence of hypertension of people with salt intake ≥ 18 g was 1.70(95%CI:1.04-2.76) times compared to that of people who consumed less than 10 g salt per day.

CONCLUSIONThe hypertension prevalence of Shandong province is quite high, and there is a relationship between salt consumption and blood pressure.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Blood Pressure ; physiology ; China ; epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sentinel Surveillance ; Sodium Chloride, Dietary ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo analyze the prevalence states of hypertension and prehypertension and to explore relevant influencing factors among adult residents in Shandong province.

METHODS15 600 residents aged between 18 and 69 from 20 counties in Shandong province were selected by multiple stratified and clustered sampling method from July to September, in 2011, to acquire related information by questionnaire survey and physical measurement. The prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension was estimated by special statistic method used to deal with complex sampling data, and the relevant influencing factors were also analyzed.

RESULTSA total of 15 350 subjects were actually completed the survey, with age at (41.4 ± 14.1) years old. The average systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were 121.1(95%CI: 119.7-122.4) and 78.8(95%CI: 77.8-79.9) mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa) respectively. And also 3776 hypertension patients and 5721 subjects with prehypertension were detected, and the weighting prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension were 23.4% (95%CI: 20.9%-26.0%) and 37.1% (95%CI: 34.7%-39.5%) with adjustive prevalence at 20.7% and 36.5% respectively. The multiple SURVEYLOGISTIC analysis showed that age above 40 years old (OR = 3.24, 95%CI: 2.56-4.10), overweight(OR = 2.22, 95%CI: 1.70-2.89) and obesity(OR = 5.84, 95%CI: 3.54-9.66), smoking history(OR = 1.82, 95%CI: 1.03-3.23), constantly drinking (OR = 1.71, 95%CI: 1.08-2.70), diabetes (OR = 1.99, 95%CI: 1.29-3.07), abnormal TC(OR = 1.64, 95%CI: 1.24-2.17), abnormal TG(OR = 1.75, 95%CI: 1.24-2.48) and high 24 h urine Na/K ratio (OR = 1.05, 95%CI: 1.02-1.08) were risk factors of hypertension, while education equal to or above junior middle school (OR = 0.68, 95%CI: 0.52-0.89) was protective factor of hypertension; age above 40 years old (OR = 1.49, 95%CI: 1.15-1.91), overweight(OR = 1.76, 95%CI: 1.25-2.48) and obesity (OR = 3.50, 95%CI: 2.05-5.97), abnormal TC (OR = 1.54, 95%CI: 1.10-2.14), abnormal TG (OR = 1.79, 95%CI:1.25-2.56) and high 24 h urine Na/K ratio (OR = 1.02, 95%CI: 1.01-1.04) were risk factors of prehypertension, while female (OR = 0.41, 95%CI: 0.31-0.56) and education level equal to or above junior middle school (OR = 0.67, 95%CI: 0.52-0.87) were protective factors.

CONCLUSIONThe hypertension, especially prehypertension tends to be at high prevalence states currently, which may be affected by many factors.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prehypertension ; epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo describe dietary sodium intakes and resources among residents in Shandong province.

METHODSA total of 2184 subjects were selected by multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method from 18-69 years old people in Shandong province in June, 2011. A total of 2140 subjects completed the study, the completion rate was 98.0%. Three-day (24-hour per day) dietary recalls and weighting methods were conducted to collect information about all the foods and condiments consumed by the subjects. Individual dietary sodium intake was calculated, the differences of dietary sodium intake among subjects with different characteristics were analyzed, and the proportions of different dietary sodium resources were also analyzed.

RESULTSThe amount of individual dietary sodium intake was 5745.0 (95%CI:5427.6-6062.5) mg/d in Shandong; 6147.4 (95%CI: 5823.8-6471.0) mg/d for male residents, 5339.3 (95%CI:5005.8-5672.8) mg/d for female residents. There was a significant difference between males and females (F = 75.22, P < 0.01). The amount of individual dietary sodium intake was 5910.1 (95%CI:5449.3-6370.8) mg/d, 5341.6 (95%CI:5007.0-5676.1) mg/d for rural residents and urban residents respectively, and there was also a significant difference (F = 5.53, P < 0.05). The amount of condiment sodium intake was 4640.3 (95%CI:4360.2-4920.4) mg/d, which was the largest contributor to sodium intake, accounting for 80.8% (95%CI:79.9%-81.6%) of total intake. Sodium intake from cereals was 650.7 (95%CI: 590.5-711.0) mg/d, accounting for 11.3% (95%CI:10.3%-12.3%) of total intake. Sodium intake from eggs was 118.9 (95%CI:95.2-142.6) mg/d, accounting for 2.1% (95%CI:1.6%-2.6%) of total intake. The amount of manufactured food sodium intake was 582.1(95%CI: 497.8-666.4) mg/d, accounting for 10.1% (95%CI:8.9%-11.4%) of total intake.

CONCLUSIONSodium intakes remain high among residents of Shandong province, and sodium from condiments was the largest source of dietary sodium intake, sodium of manufactured food only accounting for small part.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; China ; Condiments ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diet Surveys ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sodium, Dietary ; Young Adult