Objective To compare the clinical effect of craniotomy versus sphenotresia drainage for treatment pa?tients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage. Methods Retrospective analysis the patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage in our hospital, and divided into the group of craniotomy(n=39) and the group of sphenotresia drainage(n=50). The operating time, hematoma clearance rate, complications after operation and intracranial pressure at 4h, 24h, 48h, 72h, 5d and 7d after operation between the two groups were record. Results The intracranial pressure in both groups are raised gradually in the 48 h after surgery and gradually declined at 48 h after surgery. The increasing amplitude in craniotomy group is less than the group of sphenotresia drainage. Between the two groups of group, different point, and between groups and the interaction of the different point difference had statistical significance (P<0.05). The hematoma clearance rate in the group of craniotomy is less than the group of sphenotresia drainage. However, the operating time and the infection rates in the group of craniotomy is greater than the group of sphenotresia drainage, the difference is statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Craniotomy can increase the hematoma clearance rate, decrease intracranial pressure as well as the oc?currence of rehaemorrhagia, however, it also will prolong operation time and increase the risk of lung infection and gastro?intestinal bleeding. It is depend on the general characteristic of patients to determine which operation methods to adopt.

Objective To investigate the immunoisolation effect of xenografts of microencapsulated human chromaffin cells (HCCs) .Methods HCCs were microencapsulated with APA microcapsules. Forty-eight SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 16 each) . HCCs (group I ) , empty APA microcapsules (group II ) and microencapsulated HCCs (group III ) were implanted into the anterior chamber of the eyes and the sole of the feet. Seven days after transplantation blood samples were collected for determination of serum IL-2, IgG and IgM concentration. The right eye-balls and left feet were obtained for microscopic examination. Results The serum IL-2, IgG and IgM concentrations were significantly lower in group II and group III than in group I ( P

Objective To get the information of the distribution of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica in Ji County of Tianjin.Methods Yersinia enterocolitica strains were isolated from diarrhea patients and stocks stool and the biochemical identification,serotyping,PFGE analyses were conducted,PCR was used for virulence gene detection in 2006.Results Five strains of Yersinia enterocolitica were isolated from diarrhea patients and pig stools,all of them were serotype O:3,carring virulence genes ail,ystA,yadA,virF,and four of them had the same PFGE patterns with K6GN11C30021.Conclusion The isolates from patients and pigs belong to the same clone and pig may be the main infectious source of Yersinia enterocolitica for human beings in the county.

Objective To evaluate the value of MRI in acute ankle distortion without evidence of fracture. Methods The MRI appear-ances of 21 cases with acute trauma in the ankles were retrospectively analyzed,focusing on the presence or absence injuries of lateral collat-eral ligamentous complex,bone and osteochondral lesions,MRI was performed within 48 h of trauma. Results Bone bruise was observed in 15 patients. There were injuries of the lateral ligaments in 4 cases and the medial ligaments in 1 case. Injury of the osteochondral lesion was in 5 cases and Achilles tear was in 3 cases. Conclusion MRI have diagnostic value for acute ankle injury.

BACKGROUND: Based on previous technique prepared for encapsulating living cells with alginate-polysine- alginate (APA) microcapsules, it has been confirmed that microencapsulated chromaffin cells have good analgesic effects. The immunoisolated effects of such microcapsule materials need to be evaluated. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the immunological rejections of APA microencapsulated chromaffin cells transplanted into rat anterior chamber of eyes and tendon of feet, and to evaluate the immunoisolated effect of microencapsulation.DESIGN: A randomized controlled animal experiment. SETTING: Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology.MATERIALS: Forty-eight female SD rats, with the age of 3 months, were provided by the Laboratory Animal Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology. The protocol was carried out in accordance with ethical guidelines for the use and care of animals. Alginate and polylysine used in the experiment were the products of Sigma Company, USA. Microcapsule generator was gifted by Germany. METHODS: This study was performed at the Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from September 2002 to September 2003. Suprarenal medulla was taken from 6 healthy adult cadavers of brain death. After isolated, digested and cultured, suprarenal medulla was prepared into chromaffin cell suspension. Written informed consents were obtained from the family members of donors, and the protocol was given approval by the Ethics Committee of the hospital. Empty microcapsules and microencapsulated cells were prepared by APA. The 48 rats were randomly divided into the human chromaffin cell (HCC) group, the empty microcapsule group and the microencapsulated HCC (ME-HCC) group. In each group, there were two transplanted regions of anterior chamber of eyes and tendon of feet, with 8 rats used for each region. Each rat in the HCC group was perfused 2×1010 L-1 cell suspension into the anterior chamber of eyes and tendon of feet. Those in the empty microcapsule group and the ME-HCC group were perfused 100 empty capsules and ME-HCCs (100 microcapsules, 400-500 HCCs per microcapsule) into the same regions, respectively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: On day 7 after transplantation, serum interleukin (IL)-2 level was determined by ELISA. Serum IgG and IgM levels were determined with a laser turbidimeter. On day 28 after transplantation, rat right eyeball and left feet were harvested, routinely sliced and stained by haematoxylin-eosin (HE). Histo-morphological structure was observed under a 40×light microscope. RESULTS: Forty-eight rats were included in the final analysis. Serum IL-2, IgG and IgM levels were significantly lower in the empty microcapsule group and ME-HCC group than in the HCC group (t=8.544-21.64, P < 0.01). A lot of lymphocyte and neutrophile infiltration could be found in the anterior chamber of eyes and tendon of feet of rats in the HCC group, but a little seen in that of the empty microcapsule group and ME-HCC group. CONCLUSION: APA microencapsulation has an effective immunoisolated effect on immunological rejection due to its good biocompatibility and mechanical stability.

Investigation of the pharmacokinetics of paeonol microemulsion, microemulsion-based gels and marketed paeonol ointments by the skin-blood synchronous microdialysis coupled with LC/MS is reported in this study. The microdialysis systems were established by linear probes and concentric circles probes. In vivo recovery of paeonol in skin is (69.7 +/- 4.8) % and in blood is (51.6 +/- 7.2)%. The paeonol microemulsion, microemulsion-based gels and marketed paeonol ointments were administered to rats. PBS (pH 7.4) served as perfused solution. The perfusion rate was 5 microL x mL(-1) and the microdialysis samples were collected every 20 min intervals. The paeonol concentration in perfused solution was determined by LC/MS. The results showed that paeonol microemulsion and microemulsion-based gels significantly raised the drug concentrations in skin more than that of paeonol ointments. The paeonol microemulsion-based gels has similar bioavailability as the paeonol ointments in blood, but its blood drug concentrations were steadier. The paeonol microemulsion-based gels may be developed into a new preparation for dermis eczema. The skin-blood synchronous microdialysis technique proved to be a new method for the pharmacokinetics study of transdermal delivery systems.

Objective To compare IMSure QA and MatriXX for intensity modulated radiotherapy plans,and to investigate the credibility of IMSure QA software.Methods Ten patients receiving intensity modulated radiotherapy were randomly chosen for the quality assurance plans with IMSure QA and MatriXX.Results The overall average of percentage pass points in 3％ and 3 mm were (98.1 ± 0.8) ％ with IMSure QA,and (97.9 ±0.6)％ with MatriXX(t =0.86,P ＞0.05).Conclusion IMSure QA can be a reliable verification tool for IMRT QA.

Objective To investigate the inclusion of ginsenoside Rg_3 with hydroxylpropyl-?-cyclodextrin (HP-?-CD) in aqueous solutions, inclusion molar ratio of host and guest molecules, and change of thermodynamic parameters during the inclusion process. Methods The measurements of the inclusion mechanism, inclusion molar of the host and guest molecules, and change of thermodynamic parameters were carried out by the following methods: phase solubility, IR, NMR, and TLC methods, respectively. Results The results indicated that the inclusion compound of ginsenoside Rg_3-HP-?-CD was formed. The content analysis of the inclusion compound showed that the inclusion ratio of ginsenoside Rg_3-HP-?-CD was 1∶1. The change in the thermodynamic parameters suggested that the inclusion could proceed (△G

Objective To compraison the of exposure in the endonasal transsphenoidal approach to the sellar between microscope and endoscope. Methods Ten formalin-fixed, silicone-injected adult cadveric heads were studied. A direct endonasal transsphenoidal approach was performed via the right nostril, pushing aside the nasal septum, then reach the sphenoidal sinus. The approach was performed with the operating microscope first, then with the endoscope. For each step (sellar, suprasellar, parasellar and clival), the operative region afforded by direct microscopic view was measured and then compared with that obtained by using the edndoscope. Results It was found that the endoscope provided greater view than microscope in this approach. Although the microscope provides an adequate view of the midline structures and part of the contralateral parasellar areas; under direct endoscopic vision, the lateral extension could be widened by an additional 6.5 mm on the ipsilateral and 4 mm on the contralateral side. At suprasellar region, the microscope provides could expose the posterior part of, optic nerve and optic chiasma; but could not expose the areas anterior and superior the interspace superior the optic chiasma. Compare with the microscope, the endoscope allowed extension of bone removal and dual opening for an additional 4 mm anteriorly at the sagittal axis and an additional 3.5 mm on the ipsilateral and 4 mm on the contralateral side. At the clivus region, the medial surface of the vertical segment of the ICA and the basilar artery could be partially 7 exposed by the microscope. By the endoscope, it could gain an additional 4 mm on the ipsilateral side and 2.5 mm on the contralateral side in width. Because of the anatomical boundaries of the sphenoid sinus, the anatomincal exposure by the microscope same as the endocope at the sagittal axis. Conclusion The endoscope allows for a panoramic view and permits widening of the operative exposure in all directions. The endoscope is more suitable in the the minimal and expanded endonasal transsphenoial approach.

Objective To research the effect of regulating systemic inflammatory response by using ulinastatin in elderly patients after sevoflurane inhalation of postoperation cognitive function. Methods 60 patients under went elective abdominal surgery, were randomly double-blinded divided into 2 groups. Every group had 30 patients.Group A accepted continuously intravenousiy infusion ulinastatin 2000 units · kg-1 · h-1 , while group B got equivalent continuously intravenous infusion 0.9% sodium chloride injection. The time point of opening eye, extubation, response and the mini-mental state examination(MMSE) score on different time points were observed. Meanwhile, the changes of concentration of hs-CRP, IL-6,IL-10 were measured. Results Compared with two groups,group A has shorter time on response(F =4.399,P = 0.040). Two both groups had decrease of MMSE score 1 hour after surgery compared with preoperation(t =7. 732,11. 916, both P ＜ 0.01), and the score were less than the preoperative value of more than 2 points which showed cognitive decline in patients. But group A's rate of decline in MMSE score was lower than group B(F = 7. 582 ,P =0.012). Both groups had the MMSE score decline 6h after surgery (t = 4. 606,8. 615, both P ＜ 0.05). Group A's score was less than the preoperative value for less than 2 points, group B's score was lower than the preoperative value for more than 2 points, but the difference between the two groups was not significant (P ＞0. 05). Both groups had higher concentrations of hs-CRP、IL-6 、IL-10 at postoperative 1 d ,3d ,7d (all P ＜ 0.01), peaked at postoperative 1 d, and hadn't come back to the preoperative level 7d*after surgery. In group A, the concentrations of hs-CRP, IL-6 increased (postoperative 1 d,3d), but the rate was lower than the group B (F = 14. 885, P = 0.000;F = 4. 405, P = 0. 040; F = 18. 204, P = 0.000; F = 8. 074, P = 0. 006); while the increased rate of concentration of IL-10 was higher than the group B(F=5.197,P=0.026;F= 12.236,P =0.000). Conclusion Ulinastatin could promote the elderly after sevoflurane inhalation rapid recovery of cognitive function, which may be related to the regulation of systemic inflammatory response.