Objective To explore the way to compile a global military medical literature collection and perspectives for its research.Methods The names of military medical research institutions and their trends of development were summa-rized via semantic analysis.The collection of retrieval words for military medical research institutions( then the collection) was constructed based on expert consultation.The names of military medical research institutions were collect-ed with manual screening after retrieval withthe collection.The literature collection of military medical research institu-tions was completed with coordinated retrieved of their papers and other publications.Results According to different needs of information analysis, the literature collection of military medical research institutions could be analyzed in terms of their size, types of development, and academic authority.Conclusion Based onthe collection, the military medical research institutions collected in this article included institutions that used to be neglected during the course of information tracking of military medicine.Three kinds of institutions should be paid more attention to.The institutions were the ones with a large number of papers and citations, the ones whose papers increased or decreased dramatically, as well as the ones whose research directions were the priority fields of Chinese PLA.

Objective To study the influence of different root exposure in long-term effect of crown lengthening .Methods To-tally 142 teeths(66 of the front teeths ,46 of premolars teeths ,30 of molars teeths ) of 110 patients collected from August 2010 to October 2012 in stomatological hospital to affiliated zunyi medical college were chosen as research subjects ,then they were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group .There were 33 anterior teeths ,23 premolar teeths and 15 molar teeths in each group .The experimental group accepted 3 mm root exposure while the control group accepted 4 mm root exposure .The post-operative effect of the two groups was compared .Results The tooth mobility of the anterior cases of control group after 3 months was statistically higher than that of the experimental group (P<0 .05) and the difference of tooth mobility between the two groups in other teeths and times was not statistically significant (P>0 .05) .The bleeding index after 3 months ,the anterior teeths ,premo-lar teeths and molar teeths of the experimental group was statistically higher than that of the control group (P<0 .05) ,while the difference of tooth mobility between the two groups in other times was not statistically significant (P>0 .05) .The postoperative probing difference of depth and attachment loss between the two groups showed no statistically significant (P>0 .05) .Conclusion The root exposure of 3 mm and 4 mm both have a significant effect in crown lengthening .But for the aesthetic point of view ,3 mm should be taken as the root exposure of the anterior cases .

Objective To analyze the clinical effects of internal radiation of iodine-125 seed implantation in the treatment of advanced pancreatic carcinoma.Methods Ten patients with unresectable and advanced pancreatic carcinoma admitted from Sept.2002 to June 2004 were treated by the internal and interstitial radiation using iodine-125 seed implantation. Sex:male 6, female 4. Age: median 60.8(45-81) years. Site by pre-operative CT: pancreatic head 4, body 2 and tail 4. Diameter: 6?cm 3. Pathology: all proved to be pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Staging(UICC 1997): stage Ⅲ 3, IV 7. Pain degree: Ⅲ 3,IV 7. Weight loss: median 5?kg(3-10?kg). Results All patients have been followed for 2-13 months, median 6 months. Survival of 12 months was observed in 1 patient,6 months in 3 patients, 3 months in 4 and 1 month in 2, with an average of 4.6 months. Among the 10 patients, complete response was obtained in 2, partial response in 3, no response in 4, and the other showing PD. The response rate (CR+PR) was 50%. The pain relieving rate was 60%. The seed number conformal rate was 100% by X-ray film, yet that of seed spatial distribution was only 30%. Conclusion Intra-operative internal radiation by iodine-125 seed implantation does show some therapeutic effects for advanced pancreatic carcinoma.Yet,the seed spatial distribution by seed computer treatment planning system does needs further consummate.

Objective To establish the culture of Blastocystis hominis in vitro in Medium 199 for further research on the biological characteristics of this intestinal parasite.Methods The growth, reproduction and relevant factors of B.hominis under different culture conditions including pHs, sorts and concentrations of serum, and the number of inoculation were compared. Results The optimal conditions for the continuously anaerobic culture of B.hominis in Medium 199 were as follows: concentrations of new born bovine serum (or human serum and horse serum) ranged from 10%-20%, the number of inoculation was no less than 1?10~5 organisms per tube, pHs ranged from 7.0-8.0, penicillin, streptomycin should be added, anaerobic cultured at 37 ℃.The reproductive peaking-days were 4, 8 at pH 7.0; 3, 6, 9 at pH 7.5 and 2, 4, 7, 9 at pH 8.0. Conclusion B.hominis could be continuously cultured in vitro in Medium 199.

BACKGROUND: There is an intimate temporal and spatial relationship between growth of primitive cardiac cells, septum transversum mesenchyme and liver development. The signal from primitive cardiac cells and septum transversum mesenchyme induces the ventral foregut endoderm cells specialize toward hepatocytes. While the septum transversum mesenchyme provides a suitable environment for forming the liver bud and promoting the growth and differentiation. However, the molecular mechanism of this induction is not yet delineated.OBJECTIVE: Using alpha-fetal protein (AFP), c-Met and cytokeratin (CK) 19 as markers of hepatic stem cells, the growth of early human embryo of 3-5 weeks and morphologic characteristic of hepatic stem cells were observed to demonstrate the characteristic and factors that affected the proliferation and differentiation of hepatic stem cell, which provided experimental evidence for basic research and clinical application of hepatic stem cells.DESIGN: An opening experiment was designed.SETTING: Department of Anatomy, Weifang Medical College.MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out at the Scientific Research Center of Chengdu Medical College between September 2004 and January 2005. Twenty cases fresh human embryos aged less than 2 months were collected with signed agreements of the pregnant women suffering from pregnancy termination with mifepristone. The samples were fixed with 40 g/L polymerisatum in 20 minutes and embedded routinely in paraffin, and then 5 μm thick series sections were continuously made. After hematoxylin-eosin staining, the embryonicage was determined under the microscope according to the length of embryos, the number of somites and the development of organs, which was referring to the Jirasek's staging standard of human embryo.METHODS: The immunohistochemical staining was conducted with SABC method on one of every ten sections, which were incubated overnight at 4 ℃ with polyclonal antibodies against hepatocyte growth factor (HGF),c-Met, insulin-like growth factor (IGF-Ⅰ), IGF-Ⅰ receptor (IGF-IR), transforming growth factor (TGFβ1), TGFβR1, TGFβR2 or monoclonal antibodies against proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), AFP and CK19.The following day, the sections were incubated for 2 hours at room temperature with biotinylated anti-mouse or anti-rabbit IgG and SABC liquid respectively, and then diaminobenzidine (DAB) was used to color them. The negative control was conducted with the phosphate buffer, then the sections were observed and photographed under light microscope.MAIN OUTCOME MEASUERS: ①the morphologic characteristic of human hepatic stem cells and immunohistochemical staining of markers②the expression of HGF, IGF-Ⅰ, TGFβ1 and their receptors on human embryonic livers of 3-5 weeks, primitive cardiac cells and septum transversum mesenchyme.RESULTS: ①The morphologic characteristic of human hepatic stem cells and immunohistochemical staining of markers: The hepatic bud formed at the end of 3rd week and migrated into the septum transversum mesenchyme to form the hepatic cords at the 4th week. The cells structuring the hepatic cords displayed the typical characteristic of immature cells. At the 5th week, the number of cells within the hepatic cords, the size of cell body,the cytoplasmic acidophilia all increased, whereas the basophilia of nuclei decreased. However the cellular forms were still homogeneous and displayed the typical characteristic of immature cells. The cells of hepatic cords were negative for PCNA response during 3rd-4th week but began to express positive at the 5th week, mainly in the nucleus and minority cellular cytoplasm showed weak positive. Most hepatic cells during 3rd-5th weeks were positive for AFP, c-Met and negative for CK19. The immunologic reaction depositors of AFP positive cells were located in the nuclei, cytoplasm and membrane of the hepatocytes, and c-Met presented mainly in the nuclei and the positive signal was weak in the cytoplasm. ②Expressions of HGF, IGF-Ⅰ, TGFβ1 and their receptors in the embryonic human liver, primitive heart and septum transversum mesenchyme: At the 4th week,the c-Met expressed only in all hepatocytes, whereas the other growth factors and their receptors were undetectable. At the 5th week, all the growth factors, except HGF, were expressed in the hepatocytes. The immunologic reaction depositors of TGFβ1, TGFβ1R1 and TGFβ1R2 were located in the cytoplasm and cell membrane. The positive response of IGF-Ⅰ and IGF-IR were present at nuclei, cytoplasm and cell membrane. At the 3rd-5th week, myocardial cells surrounding liver bud or hepatic cord and the septum transversum mesenchyme were positive for HGF, TGFβ1 and IGF-Ⅰ,with the signals were aggregated mainly in cytoplasm and minority nucei.CONCLUSION: ①It was at the end of 3rd week that part of endoderm cells in foregut ventral were specialized to hepatic stem cells. ②The undifferentiated hepatic stem cells could be drawn to develop to the liver stem cells with bi-directional differentiation potentials by using specific markers for studying human embryonic liver stem cells. According to the corresponding relation of embryonic age between human and rats, the time studying the rat hepatic stem cells could be calculated. ③HGF, IGF-Ⅰ,TGFβ1 and their receptors promoted the early development of human embryonic liver.

Objective: To investigate the expression of ATP-Binding Cassette Proteins including P-gp (P-glycoprotein), MRP1 (multidrug resistance associated protein 1) and BCRP (breast cancer resistance protein) in hepatocellular carcinoma and its relationship with pathological features. Methods: The expression of P-gp/MDR1 (multidrug resistance gene 1), MRP1 and BCRP in hepatocellular carcinoma was examined by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry in 34 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma and 19 cases of paraneoplastic hepatic tissues. Results: The expression of MDR1, MRP1 and BCRP mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid) was 1.15±0.24, 0.64±0.33, and 1.07±0.32 in hepatocellular carcinoma and 0.36±0.14, 0.19±0.06, and 0.31±0.09 in paraneoplastic hepatic tissues. The expression of MDR1, MRP1 and BCRP mRNA was 1.38±0.26, 0.73±0.35, and 1.34±0.21 in poorly differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma and 0.74±0.32, 0.30±0.11, and 0.45±0.13 in well differentiated hepatic tissues. The immunohistochemical positive substance was detected in the plasma membrane and cytoplasm. The positive rates of P-gp, MRP1 and BCRP were 82.35%, 58.82%, and 79.41% in hepatocellular carcinoma and 42.11%, 26.32%, and 36.84% in paraneoplastic hepatic tissues, respectively. The positive rates of P-gp, MRP1 and BCRP were 100.00%, 81.25%, and 100.00% in poorly differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma and 66.67%, 38.89%, and 61.11% in well differentiated hepatic tissues. The expression of three indicies in hepatocellular carcinoma was higher than that in paraneoplastic hepatic tissues (P<0.05). The expression of P-gp/MDR1, MRP1 and BCRP in poorly differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma was higher than that in well differentiated hepatic tissues (P<0.05). No correlation was found among the three indices. Conclusion: Intrinsic multidrug resistance exsists in hepatocellular carcinoma, with various mechanisms. The multidrug resistance of HCC (hepatic cell carcinoma) is related to P-gp/MDR1, MRP1 and BCRP. MRP1 and BCRP may be targets for reversing multidrug resistance.

BACKGROUND: Studies of biological characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and regulatory factors that influenced the differentiation of MSCs have shown that the proportion of the natural differentiation from in vitro primarily cultured MSCs into hepatocytes was low, and to select a suitable inductor is important to enhance the differentiation of MSCs into hepatocytes.OBJECTIVE: To verify the feasibility of induced differentiation of rat bone marrow MSCs (BMSCs) into hepatocytes using the combination of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF-4).DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The cytological in vitro study was performed at the Experimental Center, Weifang Medical College in August 2007.MATERIALS: Totally 40 Sprague-Dawley rats were supplied by the Experimental Animal Center, Weifang Medical College.METHODS: Rat BMSCs were incubated by adherent method. BMSCs at passage 3 were assigned to 2 groups. BMSCs in the blank control group were treated with L-DMEM containing 10% fetal bovine serum. BMSCs in the combination group were treated with 10 μg/L FGF, 8 μg/L HGF and 8 μg/L EGF following above-mentioned procedures.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Inverted microscope was used to observe the morphological changes in cells.Immunofluorescence method was used to observe the expression of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and albumin (ALB). PAS was employed to detect the expression of glycogen. Fox green intake experiment was conducted. Enzymology was utilized to test the contents of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP).RESULTS: BMSCs in the combination group presented polygonal, orbicular or round shape. BMSCs in the blank control group remained spindle. BMSCs in the combination group were positive for AFP and ALB at day 14 following culture, and a few PAS-positive and fox green-positive cells were found at day 7. Positive cells became more over time. Synthesis of ALT, AST and ALP was detected at day 14, reached a peak at 21 days, and then decreased. Above-described indexes were negative in the blank control group.CONCLUSION: After induced by the FGF, HGF and EGF, BMSCs have the ability to differentiate into hepatocytes in vitro.

Objective To investigate the expression of hepatocyte nuclear factor-1α (HNF-1α) and hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α (HNF-4α) in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and explore the function of HNF-1α and HNF-4α during HCC carcinogenesis and development. Methods Twenty-six specimens of hepatocellular carcinoma were collected. The expressions of HNF-1α and HNF-4α in HCC tissues and adjacent non-cancerous tissues were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry staining. Results The mRNA levels of HNF-1α and HNF-4α were significantly lower in HCC tissues than that in adjacent non-cancerous tissues (0.818±0.371 vs. 0.383±0.102 for HNF-1α, P＜0.05;0.846±0.384 vs. 0.397±0.105 for HNF-4α, P＜0.05).The positive rates of HNF-1α and HNF-4α protein were significantly lower in HCC tissues than in adjacent non-cancerous tissues (92.3% vs. 42.3% for HNF-1α, P＜0.05;96.2% vs. 50.0% for HNF-4α, P＜0.05). The mRNA and protein expressions of HNF-1α and HNF-4α were correlated with tumor differentiation (P＜0.05). There was a negative correlation between HNF-1α and HNF-4α mRNA expressions in HCC tissues.Conclusion The expressions of HNF-1α and HNF-4α are down-regulated in HCC, which might be related to carcinogenesis and development of HCC.

Objective To explore the possibility that rat bone mesenchymal cells (BMSCs) can differentiate into hepatocytes under the affection of fetal liver filtrate. Methods PAS and green indigo dye were used to detect glycogen and differential level of hepatocytes, respectively. The concentration of ALT, AST, ALP in the culture supernatant were served as markers of hepaocyte function. Results Fourteen days after induced by the fetal liver filtrate, BMSCs changed their shapes into polygon, oval or round. Some of BMSCs were positive for AFP and ALB at 7 days after induction, then the number of positive cells increased, and most of BMSCs expressed AFP and ALB till 21days. The PAS reaction and indocyanine green(ICG) intaking also appeared at 7days. Enzyme in supernatant such as ALT, AST, ALP were fristly detected at 7days and peaked at 14days,then the level declined. Conclusion The fetal rat liver filtrate was able to induce BMSCs into cells with function and characteristics of hepatocytes.

Objective:To develop a set of algorithms that could predict the precise size of acetabular cup preoperatively by the deep learning neural network technology.Methods:Retrospective analysis was performed on 30 patients with femoral head necrosis from April 2019 to April 2020, including 15 males and 15 females. At the age of (54.8±10.5) years (range 33-72 years). Thirteen hips on the left and seventeen hips on the right, who underwent primary unilateral THA. Based on the manually segmented hip joint CT database, a deep learning convolutional neural network was trained to realize automatic segmentation. A customized algorithm was created to fit the surface of the acetabulum. By the application of another deep learning convolutional neural network, the identification of anatomical points of the pelvis and correction of the pelvic position were realized. So that the placement of the acetabulum cup could be done. DOC (dice overlap coefficients) as well as the average error parameter were adopted to evaluate the accuracy of the above steps. The novel algorithm and Orthoview software were retrospectively used to template the acetabular cup separately. The results of both groups were compared with the actual size and the coincidence rate was calculated to evaluate the accuracy of the novel algorithm. To verify this algorithm, the conformance rate was calculated respectively.Results:Compared with other classical segmentation networks, the G-NET network can segment the pelvic with femoral head necrosis more accurately (DOC 92.51%± 6.70%). It also has better robustness. The average error of the point recognition network is 0.87 pixels. Among the 30 patients, the AI-based algorithm group had a complete coincidence rate of 96.7% and the Orthoview group had a complete coincidence rate of 73.3%. The difference was statistically significant ( χ2=6.405, P=0.011). Conclusion:The artificial intelligence-based algorithm can segment the CT image series and identify the feature points of the patient's hip accurately. Compared with the conventional 2D preoperative planning method, the AI-based algorithm is relatively more accurate. This artificial intelligence-based 3D preoperative software has promising prospect to makeaccurate surgical plan efficiently.