Mesenchymal stem cells belong to multipotential stem cells, which is easy to isolate and culture. Many researchers have been exploring various ways to induce bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into muscle cells. MSCs were induced into muscle cells by using biochemical and biomechanics approaches. These muscle cells could be used for such clinical applications, as treatment for ischemic cardiomyopathy and post-traumatic repair for muscular tissue. In this article we reviewed the research progress on induction of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into muscle cells and isolation, purification, and identification of MSC.

Objective:To prove the feasibility and validity ofXing Nao Jing acupoint-injection (XNJ-AI) at Fengchi (GB 20) for pseudobulbar palsy caused by ischemic stroke (PBP-IS).
Methods:An assessor-blinded, two-parallel-group, randomized controlled trial was conducted, and the patients with PBP-IS were recruited and randomly divided into two groups. Patients in the control group received oral aspirin (100 mg per day for 2 weeks). In addition to oral aspirin; patients in the treatment group received XNJ-AI at Fengchi (GB 20), once a day, for two weeks. The primary outcome was assessed by the water-swallowing test (WST). Thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1a (6-keto-PGF1a) in plasma were measured before and after the treatment.
Results:In the treatment group, the percentage of swallowing function no less than grade 3 before and after the treatment was 32% and 88%, respectively; in the control group, it was 28% and 76% before and after the treatment, respectively; the difference after the treatment between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). There were statistical differences between pre- and post-treatment levels of plasma TXB2and 6-keto-PGF1αin the two groups (bothP<0.05). After the treatment, there were significant differences in the levels of plasma TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1α between the two groups (bothP<0.05).
Conclusion:XNJ-AI at Fengchi (GB 20) can improve the patients’ swallowing function and balance the levels of TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1α in plasma.

Objective To investigate the expression of folate receptor(FR) in primary hepatocellular carci noma and to explore its correlation with clinical and pathological features.Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of FR alpha and beta in primary hepatocellular carcinoma (45 cases),cirrhosis (32 cases) and normal liver tissue (20 cases).And then the relationship between the expression of FR alpha and clinic0pathological features was analyzed.Results The positive expression of FR alpha was detected in 88.9％ (40/45) primary hepatocellular carcinoma,18.8％ (6/32) cirrhosis,and there was no positive expression of FR alpha in normal liver tissue.There was no FR beta expression in primary hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis,only 15％ (3/20) normal liver tissue expressed FR beta.The expression of FR alpha did not correlate with gender and age,but the positive expression of early-mid-term patients was higher than that of the advanced patients.Conclusion FR alpha is presented in most liver tissues of primary hepatocellular carcinoma,which provide basis of early diagnosis and molecular drug target.

Objective To study the effects of surfactants on conformation of hemoglobin and further to understand the potential impact of surfactants in environment on human health. Methods The changes of the conformation of hemoglobin induced by cation and anion surfactants were investigated with four methods, such as synchronous fluorescence spectra, UV, electrochemistry and atom force microscope. Results The changes of the conformation of hemoglobin induced by anion surfactant were obvious but were not by cation surfactant. Conclusion Sodium lauryl sulphate, an anion surfactant, may change the conformation of hemoglobin.

Objective To establish an animal model of hepatic inflow occlusion with meso-caval shunt in Bama swines so as to evaluate the tolerance limit of normothermic hepatic inflow occlusion.Methods Eighteen Bama swines were divided into group A in which the hepatic blood inflow was occluded for 90 min and group B in which the hepatic blood inflow was blocked for 100 min.The animal survival rate,the changes of liver function and histopathology were observed.Results The animal survival rate was significantly higher in group A than group B(100% vs 44.4%,P

Objective To investigate the correlation between the expression of erythropoietin receptor (EPO-R) and the microvessel density (MVD) in gastric carcinoma tissues. Methods Expression of EPO-R and microvessel density of 50 primary gastric adenocarcinoma specimens were investigated by immunohistochemical methods using antibody to EPO-R and CD31. Results In gastric adenocarcinoma, the level of MVD was significantly increased, compared with normal issues(25?13 vs. 12?4,P

Objective To investigate the expression pattern of Nrf2 in the lung of septic rat and preliminary analysis of the role of Nrf2 in the development of sepsis. Methods Wistar rats were used in this study, it was divided into 4 groups, including normal control group, pure burn group, burn with staphylococcus sepsis group, burn with pseudomonas sepsis group. According to the different time intervals such as 2 hours, 8 hours, and 24 hours, it was divided into three sub-group after injection of bacteria. The expression of Nrf2 in the lung at different time intervals was determined. Results Nrf2 mRNA in the lungs of normal rats was high expression （74.0±7.0）, Nrf2 mRNA in the lungs of pure burns rats obviously down-regulated, respectively as 34.5±1.9,50.4±2.2,32.1±1.4, （t＝5.69～14.63,P＜0.01）. Nrf2 mRNA in burn sepsis caused by Staphylococcus aureus in lung tissue of rats down-regulated expression, respectively as 53.1±5.0,14.4±1.6,48.5±1.9,and reached peak at 8 h（t＝5.59～29.3,P＜0.01）. Pseudomonas aeruginosa burn sepsis didn't induced Nrf2 mRNA in the lung tissue, but it showed a downward trend at 2h（71.0±8.1,P＞0.05）and markedly reduced after 8, 24 h（24.8±2.1,4.1±2.0,t＝21.33,68.1,P＜0.01）.Conclusions The distribution of Nrf2 mainly localized in immune organ, and it directly took part in the post burn immune response.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of embolectomy through incision of right atrium and inferior vena cava under normothermia cardiopulmonary bypass with beating heart + partial hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) combined with tumor thrombus in right atrium and inferior vena cava.Methods The retrospective and descriptive study was conducted.The clinical data of 1 patient with HCC combined with tumor thrombus in right atrium and inferior vena cava who were admitted to the Peking University People's Hospital in December 2014 were collected.The patient underwent embolectomy through incision of right atrium and inferior vena cava under normothermia cardiopulmonary bypass with beating heart + partial hepatectomy.Observation indicators:(1) intra-and post-operative situations:intraoperative findings,operation time,cardiopulmonary bypass time,volume of intraoperative blood loss,intraoperative blood transfusion,postoperative complication and duration of hospital stay;(2) postoperative pathological examination;(3) follow-up situation:survival of patient and tumor recurrence or metastasis.Follow-up using outpatient examination was performed to detect survival of patient and tumor recurrence or metastasis up to September 2016.Results (1) Intra-and post-operative situations size of tumor thrombus in right atrium,operation time,cardiopulmonary bypass time,volume of intraoperative blood loss,volumes of intraoperative red blood cell and blood plasma transfusions were 3.0 cm × 4.0 cm,630 minutes,85 minutes,4 000 mL,1 820 mL and 2 200 mL,respectively.The abnormal and transient liver and renal functions in early stage after surgery recovered quickly to the normal level.Patient with pleura1 effusion and pulmonary infection received active treatment,and then ventilator treatment was stopped at 5 days postoperatively and closed thoracic drainage-tube was removed at 15 days postoperatively.There was no occurrence of hemorrhage,bile leakage and wound infection.Patient was discharged from hospital at 25 days postoperatively.(2) Postoperative pathological examination:tumor with unclear boundary and gray-white section located in the right posterior lobe of the liver.Tumor thrombus in right atrium and inferior vena cava was gray-white,with a rough texture and size of 4.0 cm × 4.0 cm × 2.0 cm.Immunohistochemical staining dectection showed that liver cells,glypican 3 and CD34 were positive and alpha-fetoprotein was negative,with a positive index of Ki-67 of 15％.The moderate-differentiated HCC was confirmed by pathologic examination.(3) Follow-up situation:patient had a smooth recovery after discharge,without obvious discomfort.Hepatic arterial-venous fistula was confirmed at 45 days postoperatively by hepatic arterial angiography.Patient underwent preventive infusion chemotherapy with oxaliplatin and gemcitabine,and right hepatic arterial embolization with gelatin sponge.During the follow-up,patient received regular reexaminations of abdominal computed tomography and chest X-ray,without tumor thrombus in inferior vena cava and tumor recurrence.Conclusion Embolectomy through incision of right atrium and inferior vena cava under normothermia cardiopulmonary bypass with beating heart and partial hepatectomy are safe and feasible for patient with HCC combined with tumor thrombus in right atrium and inferior vena cava.

Objective To investigate the effects of structured triglyceride (STG) and physical mixed medium chain/long chain triglycerides (MCT/LCT) on hepatic and renal function and lipometabolism of patients with acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP).Methods The clinical data of 30 patients with ANP who were admitted to the PLA General Hospital between January 2012 and June 2014 were prospectively analyzed.A double-blind,randomized,controlled study was performed in 30 patients who were allocated into the experimental group (15 patients received STG) and the control group (15 patients received physical mixed MCT/LCT).All the patients received isometrical nitrogen and isocaloric parenteral nutrition more than 5 days.The levels of alanine transaminase (ALT),aspartate transaminase (AST),glutamyl-transpeptidase (GGT),alkaline phosphatase (ALP),creatinine (Cr),blood urea nitrogen (BUN),triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) were assayed before nutritional support treatment and at day 1,3 and 5 after nutritional support therapy.The measurement data with normal distribution was presented as (x) ± s.The skew distribution data were described as M (range).The comparison between groups were evaluated with an independent sample t test or one-way ANOVA.The count data were analyzed using the chi-square test.Results A total of 30 patients were screened for eligibility.The levels of ALT,AST,GGT,ALP,Cr,BUN,TG and TC were changed within a certain range at day 1,3 and 5 after nutritional support treatment.The levels of ALT,AST,GGT,ALP,Cr,BUN and TC before treatment and at day 5after treatment were changed from 29.0 U/L,25.4 U/L,83.2 U/L,(193 ± 115) U/L,(124 ± 97) μmol/L,(8±6)mmol/L and (2.4±1.1)mmol/L to 29.4 U/L,33.0 U/L,77.7 U/L,(172±74)U/L,(117 ±103)μmol/L,(8 ± 5) mmol/L and (2.3 ± 1.0) mmol/L in the experimental group,and from 23.8 U/L,22.9 U/L,96.2 U/L,(148 ± 108) U/L,(82 ± 57) μmol/L,(9 ± 7) mmol/L and (2.5 ± 0.7) mmol/L to 21.3 U/L,24.5 U/L,127.4 U/L,(179 ± 126) U/L,(80 ± 54) μmol/L,(10 ± 6) mmol/L and (2.4 ±0.8) mmol/L in the control group,respectively.There were no significant differences in the changing trends of the levels of ALT,AST,GGT,ALP,Cr,BUN and TC between the 2 groups (F =0.647,1.186,0.282,0.553,0.862,0.182,0.369,P＞0.05).The level of TG in the experimental group from pre-treatment to day 5 after treatment was changed from (1.5 ± 0.6) mmol/L to (1.5 ± 0.7) mmol/L,with increasing trend from pre-treatment to day 1 after treatment and reaching the normal level at day 3 and 5 after treatment.The level of TG in the control group from pre-treatment to day 5 after treatment was changed from (1.5 ± 0.6) mmol/L to (2.4 ± 0.6) mmol/L,with increasing trend from pre-treatment to day 1,3 and 5 after treatments.There were significant differences in the changing trends of TG before and after nutritional support therapy between the 2 groups (F =7.940,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion STG and physical mixed MCT/LCT don't influence the hepatic and renal function of patients with ANP undergoing parenteral nutritional support therapy,while STG has a better effect of lipometabolism compared with physical mixed MCT/LCT.Registry This study was registered with the UMIN Clinical Trial Registry with the registry number of UMIN000016958

Scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) is developing on the base of near-field optical theory and SPM technique, and producing the highest optical resolution to break through the diffraction limit. It is able to study cellular ultrastructure, function and interaction between biomolecules without destructing the living cells. Recent advances in applying SNOM to cellular and molecular biology were introduced in this review.