Mesenchymal stem cells belong to multipotential stem cells, which is easy to isolate and culture. Many researchers have been exploring various ways to induce bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into muscle cells. MSCs were induced into muscle cells by using biochemical and biomechanics approaches. These muscle cells could be used for such clinical applications, as treatment for ischemic cardiomyopathy and post-traumatic repair for muscular tissue. In this article we reviewed the research progress on induction of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into muscle cells and isolation, purification, and identification of MSC.

Objective:To prove the feasibility and validity ofXing Nao Jing acupoint-injection (XNJ-AI) at Fengchi (GB 20) for pseudobulbar palsy caused by ischemic stroke (PBP-IS).
Methods:An assessor-blinded, two-parallel-group, randomized controlled trial was conducted, and the patients with PBP-IS were recruited and randomly divided into two groups. Patients in the control group received oral aspirin (100 mg per day for 2 weeks). In addition to oral aspirin; patients in the treatment group received XNJ-AI at Fengchi (GB 20), once a day, for two weeks. The primary outcome was assessed by the water-swallowing test (WST). Thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1a (6-keto-PGF1a) in plasma were measured before and after the treatment.
Results:In the treatment group, the percentage of swallowing function no less than grade 3 before and after the treatment was 32% and 88%, respectively; in the control group, it was 28% and 76% before and after the treatment, respectively; the difference after the treatment between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). There were statistical differences between pre- and post-treatment levels of plasma TXB2and 6-keto-PGF1αin the two groups (bothP<0.05). After the treatment, there were significant differences in the levels of plasma TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1α between the two groups (bothP<0.05).
Conclusion:XNJ-AI at Fengchi (GB 20) can improve the patients’ swallowing function and balance the levels of TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1α in plasma.

Objective To study the effects of surfactants on conformation of hemoglobin and further to understand the potential impact of surfactants in environment on human health. Methods The changes of the conformation of hemoglobin induced by cation and anion surfactants were investigated with four methods, such as synchronous fluorescence spectra, UV, electrochemistry and atom force microscope. Results The changes of the conformation of hemoglobin induced by anion surfactant were obvious but were not by cation surfactant. Conclusion Sodium lauryl sulphate, an anion surfactant, may change the conformation of hemoglobin.

Objective To establish an animal model of hepatic inflow occlusion with meso-caval shunt in Bama swines so as to evaluate the tolerance limit of normothermic hepatic inflow occlusion.Methods Eighteen Bama swines were divided into group A in which the hepatic blood inflow was occluded for 90 min and group B in which the hepatic blood inflow was blocked for 100 min.The animal survival rate,the changes of liver function and histopathology were observed.Results The animal survival rate was significantly higher in group A than group B(100% vs 44.4%,P

Objective To investigate the expression of folate receptor(FR) in primary hepatocellular carci noma and to explore its correlation with clinical and pathological features.Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of FR alpha and beta in primary hepatocellular carcinoma (45 cases),cirrhosis (32 cases) and normal liver tissue (20 cases).And then the relationship between the expression of FR alpha and clinic0pathological features was analyzed.Results The positive expression of FR alpha was detected in 88.9％ (40/45) primary hepatocellular carcinoma,18.8％ (6/32) cirrhosis,and there was no positive expression of FR alpha in normal liver tissue.There was no FR beta expression in primary hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis,only 15％ (3/20) normal liver tissue expressed FR beta.The expression of FR alpha did not correlate with gender and age,but the positive expression of early-mid-term patients was higher than that of the advanced patients.Conclusion FR alpha is presented in most liver tissues of primary hepatocellular carcinoma,which provide basis of early diagnosis and molecular drug target.

Objective To investigate the correlation between the expression of erythropoietin receptor (EPO-R) and the microvessel density (MVD) in gastric carcinoma tissues. Methods Expression of EPO-R and microvessel density of 50 primary gastric adenocarcinoma specimens were investigated by immunohistochemical methods using antibody to EPO-R and CD31. Results In gastric adenocarcinoma, the level of MVD was significantly increased, compared with normal issues(25?13 vs. 12?4,P

Objective To investigate the expression pattern of Nrf2 in the lung of septic rat and preliminary analysis of the role of Nrf2 in the development of sepsis. Methods Wistar rats were used in this study, it was divided into 4 groups, including normal control group, pure burn group, burn with staphylococcus sepsis group, burn with pseudomonas sepsis group. According to the different time intervals such as 2 hours, 8 hours, and 24 hours, it was divided into three sub-group after injection of bacteria. The expression of Nrf2 in the lung at different time intervals was determined. Results Nrf2 mRNA in the lungs of normal rats was high expression （74.0±7.0）, Nrf2 mRNA in the lungs of pure burns rats obviously down-regulated, respectively as 34.5±1.9,50.4±2.2,32.1±1.4, （t＝5.69～14.63,P＜0.01）. Nrf2 mRNA in burn sepsis caused by Staphylococcus aureus in lung tissue of rats down-regulated expression, respectively as 53.1±5.0,14.4±1.6,48.5±1.9,and reached peak at 8 h（t＝5.59～29.3,P＜0.01）. Pseudomonas aeruginosa burn sepsis didn't induced Nrf2 mRNA in the lung tissue, but it showed a downward trend at 2h（71.0±8.1,P＞0.05）and markedly reduced after 8, 24 h（24.8±2.1,4.1±2.0,t＝21.33,68.1,P＜0.01）.Conclusions The distribution of Nrf2 mainly localized in immune organ, and it directly took part in the post burn immune response.

Objective To evaluate the treatment experience on primary retroperitoneal neoplasms involving large blood vessels.Methods In this study 82 patients with primary retropetropeal neoplasms were treated surgically from 1990 to 2010 and the clinical data of these patients including preoperative radiological examinations and surgery were retrospectively analyzed.Result The sensitivity and specificity of preoperative imaging examination for identifing large blood vessel involvement was 70％ and 73％respectively.Compared with those of no large blood vessel involvement,patients with large blood vessels involvement had a lower rate of tumor complete removal,more intraoperative blood loss and longer operation time( P ＜ 0.05).In group of large vascular involvement,patients undergoing complete tumor resection were all alive after 12 months,and none of those undergoing palliative resection survived more than 9 months.Conclusions Preoperative imaging allows precise evaluation on the status of large blood vessel involvement in patients of retroperitoneal tumors.Involving large vessels often predicts inability in total resection of retroperitoneal tumors.

Objective:To investigate the effects of Maijun'an Tablets on expression of endothelin-1(ET-1) and nitricoxide synthase(NOS) in tissues and plasma of spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR). Methods:12 spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR) were divided randomly into normal control group and drug administration group. Rats in drug administration group were orally given with Maijun'an Tablets (hydrochlorothiazide 10 mg?kg-1.d-1,puerarin 36 mg?kg-1.d-1 and total alkaloid of rhynchophylla 122 mg?kg-1.d-1) once a day for 4 weeks,and rats in control group were orally dosed with equal amount of physiological saline. All animals were sacrificed after 4 weeks. The mRNA and protein contents of ET-1 and NOS in plasma,liver,kidnay and blood vessel were determined. Results:Compared with the control group,Maijun'an Tablets can effectively reduce blood pressure of SHRs,regulate down the content of ET-1 and regulate up the content of NOS at mRNA and protein levels. Conclusion:The up-regulation of NOS and down-regulation of ET-1 at mRNA and protein levels were the major antihypertensive machnisam of Maijun'an Tablets for SHRs.

AIM:To observe the myogenic effect of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell(MSC)transplantation after chemical-induction and stress-induction on denervated skeletal muscle atrophy in vivo. METHODS:The experiment was performed at the Animal Experimental Center and Central Laboratory in Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University from April to October 2007.SD rats were provided by B&K Universal Group Limited.The experimental procedure was consistent with animal ethical standard.The MSCs from male SD rat femurs and tibia were isolated by density gradient centrifugation.The third passage of MSCs after chemical-induction and stress-induction was labeled with DAPI before transplantation.Thirty-six 8-week-old SD rats were randomly divided into control group and experimental group(n=18).The animal model of denervated gastrocnemius muscles were made by cutting the left sciatic nerve and creating nerve defect about 1 cm. MSCs were percutaneously transplanted to medial and lateral gastrocnemius of the experimental group rats,while low carbohydrates DMEM culture solution without MSCs and fetal bovine serum were transplanted to gastrocnemius of the control group.Bilateral gastrocnemius muscles of each rat from the two groups were weighed 4,8 and 12 weeks postoperatively after examining the motor unit potential and fibrillation potential.The gastrocnemius muscles underwent HE staining and image analysis to measure cross-section area of muscle fiber.The amount of protein was detected by BCA method. RESULTS:Muscular atrophy was observed 2 weeks after denervation.The motor unit waveshape of gastrocnemius became single; time limit became long;voltage became low,and the fibrillation potential norientation wave was increased.Differences were observed between two groups 4 weeks and 8 weeks,but no differences were observed after 12 weeks.Cells with fluorescence were observed in transplantation sites of the experimental group,but not in the control group.The wet weight remnant rate,cross-sectional area of fiber remnant rate and muscle amount protein content remnant rate in rates transplanted with MSCs were significantly lower than those in the control group 4 and 8 weeks after surgery(P