BACKGROUND: Effective proliferation in vitro of neural stem cells and directional induction and differentiation of dopaminergic neurons play a key role in neural stem cell transplantation for treatment of degeneration of the nervous system and repair of injured nervous system. OBJECTIVE: To explore the differentiation of neural stem cells from anterior subventricular zone into dopaminergic neurons in astrocyte-conditioned medium. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The in vitro controlled cytology experiment was performed at the Experimental Center of Xinqiao Hospital of Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from December 2006 to August 2007. MATERIALS: A total of 15 neonatal KM mice aged 2 days and 40 pregnant 16 days Wistar rats were provided by the Experiment Animal Center of Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA. METHODS: Astrocytcs of KM mice were isolated and purified by a standard shaking method and differential adhesion. Astrocyte-conditioned medium was collected when astrocytcs at passage 3 were cultured for 5 days maintained at –20 ℃ for use. Neural stem cells from the anterior subventricular zone of Wistar rats were isolated and cultured in serum-free DMEM/F12, supplemented with B27 and basic fibroblast growth factor for primary culture. Neural stem cells at passage 3 were collected and incubated at 0.5?108/L. Cells in the control group were incubated in the DMEM/F12 medium containing fetal bovine serum of 0.1 volume fraction. Cells in the experimental group were incubated in the astrocyte-conditioned medium. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Neural stem cells in the anterior subventricular zone were determined by the immunocytochemical technique. Positive rate of the neural stem cell differentiation into dopaminergic neurons in the anterior subventricular zone was detected by the flow cytometry. RESULTS: Cells in neurospheres expressed nestin and differentiated into neuro-specific enolase and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Tyroxine hydroxylase positive cells were found in the experimental group, showing round or ellipse. Tyroxine hydroxylase was seen in cytoplasm and cluster-shape processes. Tyroxine hydroxylase positive cells in control group were different from that in the experimental group in amount and appearance. Positive cell rate of tyroxine hydroxylase was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (t =35.296, P

Objective To understand the microbiological pollution of drinking water dispensers and find out the effective disinfection method for dispensers. Methods The counts of bacteria, fungi and yeast in water samples collected from the water stored in liners of 52 drinking water dispensers were determined. The total counts of bacteria in water samples of 8 water dispensers were determined before and after disinfection by 1/10 YOUJIE disinfectant for 2 min. Results The medians and over standard rates were 440 cfu/ml and 96.15% for the total count of bacteria, 0 and 30.77% for fungi and yeast in the water samples before disinfection respectively. After 2_min disinfection by 1/10 YOUJIE disinfectant, 5 of 8 drinking water dispensers showed bactericidal rates of 100% and other 3 water dispensers showed bactericidal rates of 99.56%, 99.77% and 99.78% respectively. Bacillus was found in some unkilled bacteria. Conclusion Microbiological pollution in water stored in liners of drinking water dispensers was high, which could be effectively eliminated and disinfected by 1/10 YOUJIE disinfectant for 2 min.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical effects of posterior atlantoaxial fusion fixation in treatment of old atlantoaxial injury secondary to atlantoaxial dislocation.MethodsA retrospective analysis was carried out on 16 patients ( 14 males and 2 females) with old atlantoaxial injuries secondary to atlantoaxial dislocations managed with posterior atlantoaxial fusion fixation from March 2008 to March 2012.The time from injury to operation lasted for 3-36 months ( average 10.5 months).Posterior atlantoaxial transpedicular fixation was performed in 13 patients including 10 patients with old odontoid fractures and three with old traumatic transverse ligament disruptions of the atlas combined with atlantoaxial dislocations.Also,posterior atlantal arch transpediclar fixation combined with axial pedicle screw fixation was performed in three patients who had old odontoid fractures combined with atlantoaxial dislocations.All patients had simultaneous autogenous bone grafting between atlas and axis during reduction and fixation.The preoperative and postoperative Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores were compared.Follow-up X-ray films and CT was performed to evaluate the atlantoaxial reduction and fusion.ResultsAll the patients were followed up for 9-18 months ( mean 13 months).None of the patients had spinal cord or vertebral artery injuries.Follow-up CT showed that two patients had partial penetration of one side axial pedicle screws into transverse foramen without nerve and blood vessel injuries.Clinical symptoms obtained different degree of improvement.The postoperative JOA scores ranged from 13 to 16 points ( mean 14.8 points) and the improvement rate of JOA was 71％-92％ ( mean 82％ ).The X-ray films and CT showed sound bone fusion,with good location of screws but with no signs of atlantoaxial instability or loss of reduction,or loosening or breakage of the screws.ConclusionPosterior atlantoaxial fusion fixation can effectively reconstruct atlantoaxial stability,improves neurologic function of spinal cord and has reliable curative effects.

OBJECTIVE: To explore an available and sensitive method to detect cervical lymph node micrometastasis in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. METHOD: The primary tumors and 182 neck lymph nodes from Twenty cases with supraglottic cancer dissection were examined with immunohistochemical (IHC) staining using cytokeratin 19 (CK19), and haematoxylin and eosin (HgE) staining. The frequency of lymph node metastasis and the clinical relevance, and the relationship between overall survival time and lymph node metastases by Log Rank test were analyzed. RESULT: The expression of CK19 was 23. 6% of lymph nodes and all of the primary tumors. In Hg-E staining, 16.5% of lymph nodes were positive. There was highly significant difference between them. There were 88.4% lymph nodes, 9.3% lymph nodes and 2.3% lymph node corresponding to the II, III and IV levels by IHC. Lymph node metastases were detected on the II (86.7%) and III levels (13.3%) with H&E. The highest rate of positive lymph nodes was on the II level of the neck. There was highly significant difference between overall survival time and lymph node metastasis in CK19 analysis. CONCLUSION The expression of CK19 may be served as an available method to evaluate occult micrometastases in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. High frequency of CK19 was associated with a decreased probability of survival time.
Aged ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Female ; Glottis ; pathology ; Humans ; Keratin-19 ; analysis ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prognosis ; Staining and Labeling

Objective:To test the performances of conducting light and imaging of rigid endoscopes by applying detection method with detector and visual detection method,and to explore the application effect of rigid endoscope detector in testing the optical performance of rigid endoscope.Methods:A total of 174 rigid endoscopes that were used in surgery with bladder endoscopy at Cancer Hospital of Beijing Union Medical College from May 2022 to May 2023 were selected.The visual detection method and detection method with detector were adopted respectively to perform detection after cleaning and disinfection for 174 rigid endoscopes.According to different detection methods,the 174 rigid endoscopes were divided into visual detection group(90 pieces)and detector group(84 pieces).The performances of conducting light and imaging of the two kinds of detection methods were compared and analyzed,and the results of the two kinds of detection methods were compared.Results:In the testing of the light guiding performance of rigid endoscopes,the detection rates of unqualified items in the detector group and the visual group are 11.9%(10/84),0(0/90),respectively,the difference in luminous flux between the two groups was statistically significant(x2=9.276,P<0.05);in the imaging quality testing of rigid endoscope imaging performance,the detection rates of unqualified images in the detector group and the visual group are 9.5%(8/84),1.11%(1/90),respectively.The difference between the two groups is statistically significant(x2=6.269,P<0.05).Conclusion:The application of rigid endoscope detector can increase the accuracy of CSSD staff in detecting the optical performance of rigid endoscope,and improve the management of quality control of rigid endoscope,and reduce the loss rate of rigid endoscopes,and extend the service life of rigid endoscopes,and provide safer and more effectively medical devices for clinical work,and ensure medical safety.

【Objective】 To investigate the efficacy of the adjustable "paper clip" techniques in the suture of dorsal vein complex (DVC) and retention of urethral function in robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALRP). 【Methods】 A total of 30 cases of prostate cancer treated with RALRP were enrolled, all of which used the adjustable "paper clip" techniques. During operation, the DVC was sewed with barbed suture, and then a reverse suture was made through two sides of the prostatic ligaments. A Hem-o-lock was used to fasten the suture, which would be flexible to control the degree of tightness for the ligature. Perioperative and follow-up data of urinary continence and symptoms were collected and analyzed. 【Results】 All operations were successful. The estimated blood loss was (123.3±80.7) mL, 53.6% patients recovered continence in 1 month, and the continence rate increased to 92.9% and 96.3% at month 3 and 6. 92.9 of patients had no risk of incontinence 3 months after surgery. 【Conclusion】 The adjustable "paper clip" techniques have advantages in reducing blood loss, maintaining clear surgical field, preserving urethral function, and improving urinary continence.

The present study establishes a visualization method for the measurement of the distribution and localization of protein/peptide constituents within a single poly-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) microsphere using synchrotron radiation-based Fourier-transform infrared spectromicroscopy (SR-FTIR). The representative infrared wavenumbers specific for protein/peptide (Exenatide) and excipient (PLGA) were identified and chemical maps at the single microsphere level were generated by measuring and plotting the intensity of these specific bands. For quantitative analysis of the distribution within microspheres, Matlab software was used to transform the map file into a 3D matrix and the matrix values specific for the drug and excipient were extracted. Comparison of the normalized SR-FTIR maps of PLGA and Exenatide indicated that PLGA was uniformly distributed, while Exenatide was relatively non-uniformly distributed in the microspheres. In conclusion, SR-FTIR is a rapid, nondestructive and sensitive detection technology to provide the distribution of chemical constituents and functional groups in microparticles and microspheres.

Nasal drug delivery efficiency is highly dependent on the position in which the drug is deposited in the nasal cavity. However, no reliable method is currently available to assess its impact on delivery performance. In this study, a biomimetic nasal model based on three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction and three-dimensional printing (3DP) technology was developed for visualizing the deposition of drug powders in the nasal cavity. The results showed significant differences in cavity area and volume and powder distribution in the anterior part of the biomimetic nasal model of Chinese males and females. The nasal cavity model was modified with dimethicone and validated to be suitable for the deposition test. The experimental device produced the most satisfactory results with five spray times. Furthermore, particle sizes and spray angles were found to significantly affect the experimental device's performance and alter drug distribution, respectively. Additionally, mometasone furoate (MF) nasal spray (NS) distribution patterns were investigated in a goat nasal cavity model and three male goat noses, confirming the in vitro and in vivo correlation. In conclusion, the developed human nasal structure biomimetic device has the potential to be a valuable tool for assessing nasal drug delivery system deposition and distribution.