Objective To evaluate the efficacy of penehyclidine hydrochloride for prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC) in patients undergoing brain glioma resection.Methods Seventy ASA class Ⅱ-Ⅲ patients,aged 30-69 years,weighing 50-80 kg,undergoing brain glioma resection,were divided into 2 groups by random digits table method:control group (group C,35 patients) and penehyclidine hydrochloride group (group W,35 patients).The patients in two groups were given the same methods of anesthesia induced and maintain.The patients in group W were given penehyclidine hydrochloride[20 μ g/kg(2 ml)] before anesthesia induced 30 min,meanwhile the patients in group C were given equal volume of saline.The occurrence of PPC was recorded within 72 h after operation and compared between two groups.Results The incidence of PPC in group W was significantly lower than that in group C [11.4％ (4/35) vs.28.6％ (10/35)] (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Intramuscular of penehyclidine hydrochloride 20 μ g/kg before operation can prevent the occurrence of PPC in patients undergoing brain glioma resection.

Objective To explore the value of Nacotrend and the degree and prognosis of disturbance of consciousness in craniocerebral injured patients. Methods Forty craniocerebral injured patients were observed and Nacotrend index (NI) and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) were evaluated 24 h after the operation. After followed up for 3 months, the patients with Glasgow coma scale (GOS) 4-5 scores were enrolled into in good recovery group and the patients with GOS 1-3 scores were enrolled into bad recovery group. The correlation of NI and prognosis was analyzed. Results There were 17 cases in the good recovery group, and 23 cases in the bad recovery group. Pearson correlation coefficient of NI and GCS was 0.721, P<0.01. The level of NI in good recovery group was 64.26±12.73, in bad recovery group was 29.57±8.12, and there was significant difference (P<0.05). Conclusion NI can be used in coma patients for consciousness grading assessment and also can correctly evaluate the prognosis.

Objective To investigate effects of isoflurane anesthesia of different time interval on acute injury of brain function in neonatal rats with consistent total time of isoflurane anesthesia. Methods Seven-day neonatal Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into normal control group (breathe the air), continuous anesthesia group (a single 6-hour exposure to 1.5% isoflurane), and intermittent anesthesia 1 day and 3 days groups (three times of 2-hour exposure to anesthesia with an interval of 1 day or 3 days), 12 rats in each group. The ratio of male to female was 5:7. They underwent the test of learning and memory in the radial arm maze (RAM) 21 days after birth, twice a day for 4 days. The number of entry into wrong arms, number of repeated errors, number of total arm entries, and time for completing the task were recorded for evaluation of effect of neonatal isoflurane on cognitive behavior in rats. Results ① Compared with normal control group, the percentage of number of errors > 3 in anesthesia of 3-day interval group was significantly decreased (33.3% vs. 46.9%, P < 0.05), the percentages of repeated errors > 0 and total arm entries > 8 were significantly increased (33.3% vs. 18.8%, 27.1% vs. 13.5%, both P < 0.05), but there were no statistically significant difference in the percentage of mistake number > 3 between continuous anesthesia group, interval anesthesia 1-day group and the normal control group (44.8%, 44.8% vs. 46.9%), the percentages of number of repeated mistake > 0 and total arm entries > 8 in above three groups were slightly increased as compared with those of normal control group (27.1%, 22.9% vs. 18.8%, 20.8%, 21.9% vs. 13.5%, all P > 0.05). No statistical differences in completing the task among normal control group, continuous anesthesia group, interval anesthesia 1 day and 3 days groups were found (minutes: 1.32±0.91, 1.54±1.05, 1.46±0.86, 1.38±0.79, all P > 0.05). ② It was found by gender analysis that the percentages number of repeated errors > 0 and total arm entries > 8 were significantly lower in female rats than those in the male rats only in normal control group (5.0% vs. 28.6%, P < 0.01; 5.0% vs. 19.6%, P < 0.05). There was no obvious gender difference in exposed groups. ③ Compared between groups of female rats, the percentages of repeated mistake > 0 in continuous anesthesia group, interval anesthesia 1 day and 3 days groups (25.0%, 25.0%, 30.0% vs. 5.0%, P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) and the percentage of total arm entries > 8 in interval anesthesia 1 day and 3 days groups were significantly higher than that of normal control group (22.5%, 25.0% vs. 5.0%, both P < 0.05). No significant difference about the RAM task in male rats of all the four groups was found. Conclusions Different time interval of neonatal isoflurane exposure may develop certain degree of acute brain injury in rats, characterized by cognitive function. Prolongation of the interval time significantly enhanced long-term memory in rats. Multiple neonatal exposures to isoflurane were associated with greater cognitive impairment than a single exposure. In addition, isoflurane can significantly increase cognitional functional disorder in the female, not in the male rats.

Objective To investigate effects of physical exercise (PE) on object recognition memory in adult rats of postnatal isoflurane (Iso) exposures.Methods One hundred and ten postnatal 7-day SD rats (P7) were randomly divided into four groups: normal control group (Naive), Naive+PE group (received physical exercise in P21: a treadmill exercise 30min each day, 5 times/week, for 6 weeks), Iso group (three times of 2-hour Iso exposure in P7, P9, and P11), and Iso+PE group (received PE in P21 after postnatal Iso exposures). In P67, behavioral testing was conducted including open field and object recognition task (ORT), recording the time (Discrimination Ratios, DR) that rats spent on exploring each object, evaluating effects of PE on object recognition memory.Results There was no significant difference in influence of PE on open field testing in all of the groups (P>0.05). Compared with Naive, there was no group difference in DR (P>0.05) for all groups, but the DR of Iso male rats was significantly higher than that of Naive female rats in P67, with significant difference (P=0.034). Compared with non-PE groups, whether or not postnatal Iso exposures, the DR of PE male groups was significantly higher (compared with Naive and Iso group:P67,P=0.050,P=0.017; P95,P=0.037,P=0.019); in female rats, the DR for ISO+PE group was lower than that of Iso group in P67 (P=0.036), but the DR of Naive+PE group was higher than that of Naive group in P95 (P=0.004). Compared with male rats, the DR of non-PE female rats was significantly higher in P67 (vis. Naive and Iso group:P=0.022,P=0.011); but in P95, the DR of non-Iso female groups was significantly higher than that of male groups (vis. Naive and Naive+PE:P=0.008,P=0.017).Conclusions There is no obvious impact of postnatal Iso exposures on object recognition memory of adult rats. These Results also indicate that postnatal PE could improve object recognition memory of non-spatial learning in adult rats. In addition, exercise benefits have gender differences.

Objective To investigate the effects of keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) and KGF receptor (KGFR) antisense oligonucleotide (ASODN) on cell cycle and apoptosis of HaCat cells. Methods HaCaT cell, an immortalized keratinocyte cell strain, was cultured in vitro. Flow cytometry was used to measure the cell cycle and apoptosis mediated by KGF and ASODN. Results The rates of S phase and apoptosis in the group treated with KGF increased significantly than those in the control group (both P

Objective To investigate the effects of ginkgo biloba extract on the early postoperative cognitive function and the serum neuron specific enolase (NSE),S100β,tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),interleukin (IL)-6,superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in patients with meningioma resection.Methods 60 patients with meningioma scheduled for elective intracranial tumor resection were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups (n =30 each):ginkgo biloba extract group (group G) and control group (group C).Ginkgo biloba extract was infused intravenously 30 min before anesthesia induction in group G,while group C received the equal volume of normal saline.Venous blood sample were taken at three time points:30 min before induction (T1),extubation (T2) and 24 h after operation (T3)for determination of serum concentration of NSE,S100β,TNF-α,IL-6,SOD and MDA.Cognitive function was evaluated at 1 d before and 3 d after surgery using Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE),Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) and Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS).Results Compared with T1,the concentration of NSE,S100β,TNF-α,IL-6 and MDA in serum were significantly increased at T2 and T3 in the two groups,while SOD was decreased (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group C,the concentration of NSE,S100β,TNF-α,IL-6 and MDA were significantly decreased at T2 and T3 in group G,while SOD was increased (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with 1 d before surgery,the scores of MMSE,digit accumulation,digit breadth (forward),vocabulary association and digit symbol replacement were significantly decreased and tracing connection time was significantly increased on the 3rd day after surgery in the two groups.The scores of digital breadth (reverse) and visual regeneration were significantly decreased in group C (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group C,the scores of digit accumulation,digit breadth (forward and reverse) and visual regeneration were significantly increased on the 3rd day after surgery in group G (P ＜ 0.05).The incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) at 3 d after surgery in group G was significantly lower than group C (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The pretreatment of ginkgo biloba extract can decrease the incidence of early POCD in patients with meningioma resection,and its mechanism may be related to the reduction of inflammatory reaction and antioxidation.

AIM:To investigate the expression of CUE domain-containing 2 (CUEDC2) in hepatocellular car-cinoma ( HCC) and to analyze its clinical prognostic significance .METHODS:Total 186 formalin-fixed paraffin-embed-ded tissues obtained from surgical HCC with detailed clinicopathological and follow -up data were used .The expression of CUEDC2 was detected by immunohistochemistry .The relationships between the expression of CUEDC 2 and clinicopatholog-ical characteristics and prognosis were analyzed .RESULTS: The positive rate of CUEDC 2 in HCC was 85.5% ( 159/186), among which, the low expression was 52.2%(97/186) and the high expression was 47.8%(89/186).CUEDC2 expression was correlated with serum alpha-fetal protein (AFP) level, tumor size, tumor number, tumor differentiation and TNM stage (P<0.05).Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that the patients with high expression of CUEDC 2 were asso-ciated with significantly shorter overall survival and recurrence-free survival than those with low CUEDC 2 expression ( P<0.05).Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed 3 independent prognostic factors including CUEDC 2 expression, ser-um AFP and tumor number .CONCLUSION:CUEDC2 was expressed in most HCC tissues , which was relevant to tumor growth, tumor differentiation and prognosis .CUEDC2 could be a novel valuable molecular marker to predict the HCC prog-nosis.

Objective To investigate the influence of infection factors on kidney transplantation after organ donation and possible countermeasures.Methods Thirty-seven cases of kidney transplantation in Organ Transplantation Center of Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University from January 2014 to December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into two groups according to perioperative infection prevention programs:42 patients with postoperative routine use of cephalosporins or penicillin for 2 weeks,and 95 patients with postoperative application of carbapenems + micafungin.Postoperative infection rate,occurrence time,pathogen infection;donor age,perioperative pathogens of donor and receptor (organ preservation solution,drainage fluid,urine,sputum samples),acute rejection,delayed graft function (DGF),diabetes mellitus,and the use of immunosuppressive agents were recorded.Results The infection rate in carbapenem + micafungin group was 12.6％,and the infection rate in cephalosporin or penicillin group was 19.4％ (P＜0.05).Pathogen positive detection rate of the drainage fluid,urine and sputum was lower in carbapenems + micafungin group than that in cephalosporins or penicillin (P＜0.05).Within 2 weeks after operation,the detection rate of bacteria and fungi in the carbapenems +micafungin infection prevention group was lower than that in the control group (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the detection of viruses (P＞0.05).There were no significant differences in the detection of pathogens among the two weeks to six months after surgery (P＞ 0.05).Donor infection,acute rejection,DGF,and diabetes mellitus were the risk factors for postoperative infection (P＜0.05).Conclusion The application of carbapenems and micafungin can reduce the incidence of infection for the early stage of DCD kidney transplantation.Donor infection,acute rejection,DGF and diabetes mellitus are all risk factors for the postoperative infection.

Objective:To explore the predictive value of the systemic immune inflammation index (SII) for the risk of bone metastases in patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer (PCa).Methods:From Jun. 2012 to Jul. 2019, the clinical features of 308 patients were retrospectively analyzed. For the baseline clinical data of the patients with newly diagnosed PCa, the median age was 71(65-76) years, there were 59(19.2%) patients with a positive digital rectal examination (DRE). In addition, the median serum total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA), prostate volume (PV) and prostate-specific antigen density(PSAD)were 60.55(23.55-100.00) ng/ml, 39.35(28.29-56.66)ml and 1.27(0.58-2.52)ng/(ml·cm 3), respectively. There were 33(10.7%)patients with prostate biopsy Gleason score≤6, 115(37.3%)patients with a Gleason score=7 and 160(52.0%)patients with a Gleason score≥8. The T clinical stage also obtained, including 21(6.8%)diagnosed as T 1 stage, 87(28.2%)T 2 stage, 65(21.1%)T 3stage, 135(43.9%)T 4 stage. SII was calculated by the formula platelet×neutrophil/lymphocyte, and the median(interquartile range)of SII was 458.60(300.42-727.11)/L. According to the results of bone scanning, the patients were divided into bone metastasis(146, 47.4%)and a non-bone metastasis groups(162, 52.6%). The differences in the baseline clinical characteristics between the two groups were analyzed. The risk factors of bone metastasis were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. The diagnostic efficiency of the risk factors were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve. Results:The median(interquartile range)of SII was 564.78/L(333.85-961.93/L)in patients with bone metastasis which were higher than those without bone metastasis 413.01(267.63-601.79)/L( P<0.001). The median(interquartile range)of tPSA were 97.79(48.20-119.10)ng/ml in bone metastasis group and 32.56(17.89-72.70)ng/ml in non-bone metastasis group ( P<0.001). The median(interquartile range)of PSAD were 1.91(0.97-3.55)ng/(ml·cm 3)and 0.90(0.45-1.77)ng/(ml·cm 3)in these two groups( P<0.001), respectively. In bone metastasis group, there were 132(90.4%)patients with a positive DRE, yet there were only 117(72.2%) patients with a positive DRE in the other group ( P<0.001). There were 7(4.8%)patients with prostate biopsy Gleason score≤6, 50(34.2%)patients with a Gleason score=7 and 89(61.0%)patients with a Gleason score≥8 in bone metastasis group. There were 26(16.1%)patients with prostate biopsy Gleason score≤6, 65(40.1%)patients with a Gleason score=7 and 71(43.8%)patients with a Gleason score≥8 in non-bone metastasis group ( P<0.001). There were statistically significant difference between the two groups in T clinical stage( P<0.001). In bone metastasis group, there were 2(1.4%)T 1 stage, and 19(13.0%)T 2 stage, 25(17.1%)T 3stage, and 100(68.5%)T 4 stage. Comparatively, there were 19(11.7%)T 1 stage, 68(42.0%)T 2 stage, 40(24.7%)T 3stage, and 35(21.6%)T 4 stage in the other group. There were no statistically significant difference between the two groups in term of age( P=0.057) and TPV( P=0.222). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that tPSA( P=0.003), SII( P<0.001), T clinical stage( P<0.001)could be regarded as independent risk factors of bone metastasis of PCa. Area under the curve of SII+ tPSA was 0.770, which was higher than SII(0.653)or tPSA(0.729) alone( P<0.05). When the cut-off value was 727.72/L, the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnosis of SII alone were 38.4% and 87.7%. The sensitivity and specificity of tPSA alone were 67.1%and 75.9% when the cut-off value was 73.02ng/ml. The sensitivity was 72.6% and the specificity was 71.6% when SII and tPSA was combined. Conclusions:SII is an independent predictor of bone metastasis of newly diagnosed with PCa. , and the patients were at high risk when SII exceeded 727.72/L. The combination of SII and tPSA can improve its predictive validity for the risk of bone metastasis.

Cardiovascular disease is still the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Vascular endothelial dysfunction is viewed as the initial step of most cardiovascular diseases. Many studies have indicated that periodontal pathogens, especially Porphyromonas gingivalis, are closely correlated with vascular endothelial homeostasis, but the function of P. gingivalis and the underlying mechanisms are still elusive. To illuminate the effects and elucidate the mechanisms of P. gingivalis on endothelial structural integrity, we developed P. gingivalis infection models in vivo and in vitro. Endothelial cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis were detected. Here, we showed that P. gingivalis can impair endothelial integrity by inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing endothelial mesenchymal transformation and apoptosis of endothelial cells, which reduce the cell levels and cause the endothelium to lose its ability to repair itself. A mechanistic analysis showed that TLR antagonist or NF-κB signalling inhibitor can largely rescue the damaged integrity of the endothelium caused by P. gingivalis, suggesting that TLR-NF-κB signalling plays a vital role in vascular endothelial homeostasis destroyed by P. gingivalis. These results suggest a potential intervention method for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.