Objective To investigate the causations, management and prevention methods on the complications of hysteroscopic procedures. Methods Retrospective analysis of 36 cases with hysteroscopic complication, focusing on their characteristics and clinical management as well as prevention methods during the ten years from 1993 to 2004. Results Among 36 cases, 11 cases with uterine perforation and incomplete perforation, which happened during the complicated procedures, were treated by both laparoscopy and laparotomy. Five cases with heavy bleeding were encountered because of the deeply injury to the uterine wall and Foley catheter was inserted into uterine cavity and it stopped the bleeding successfully except in one case done by hysterectomy. Three cases with fluid overload syndrome were cured by using diuretic agent and saline infusion. There is no serious consequence in one case with air embolism due to prompt diagnosis and treatment. Four cases with postablation-sterilization syndrome were treated effectively by performing hysterectomy plus single or bilateral salpingectomy, dilating cervical canal as well as resecting adhesions. Twelve cases with adhesion inside uterine cavity followed hysteroscopy were also treated by dilating cervical canal, underwent adhesionlysis and hysterectomy. Conclusions The potential factors causing complications of hysteroscopy include complicated procedures inside uterine cavity, higher pressure of irrigation, deep injury of endometrium as well as incomplete removal of endometrium during hysteroscopic operations. It is the necessary measures to reduce the complications by performing laparoscopy or B ultrasound monitoring simultaneously, standardizing the procedure and strengthening postoperation management.

Objective To study the ultrastructural features of myocytes in uterine junctional zone (JZ).Methods From August 2010 to August 2013,there were 16 pre-menopause patients who suffered from cervical neoplasm to be performed hysterectomy.Samples of JZ and outer myometrium (OM) of hysterectomy specimens were collected.There were 8 specimens from the proliferative-phase and 8 specimens from the secretory-phase of endometrium.Ultrastructural features of JZ and OM were examined by using transmission electron microscopy and the related indices of myocytes were compared by using Student's t test.Results At JZ,there were more cytoplasmic process in the myocytes.The myocytes of JZ exhibited significant difference compared with those of OM.Firstly,the contractile structural components,such as the dense patches,dense bodies and the myofilaments were less abundant.In contrast,the perinuclear cell organelles were more distinct.The mitochondria,endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus were more prominent,denoting active protein synthesis.Secondly,the mean diameter of cell and nuclei demonstrated cyclic change.In proliferative phase of endometrium,the cell diameters of JZ and OM were (4.70_±0.52) and (4.69± 1.20) μm,respectively,which there were no significant difference(P=0.987).While in secretory phase,the cell diameters of JZ and OM were (3.75±0.36) and (4.92±0.51) μm,which there were significant difference (P=0.006).In proliferative phase,the nuclei diameters of JZ and OM were (3.24±0.41) and (2.90±0.62) μm,and in secretory phase,the nuclei diameters of JZ and OM were (2.44±0.27) and (2.92±0.44) μm.There were no significantly different in both phases (P=0.374,P=0.097).The diameters of cell and nuclei had cyclical changes (P ＜ 0.05).However,the cyclical changes were absent in OM (P＞ 0.05).Thirdly,the myofilaments/cytoplasm ratio of JZ in proliferative and secretory phases were 0.27±0.04 and 0.34±0.03,which were significantly less than those of OM in respective phases (0.49±0.03and 0.54±0.03;P=0.000,P=0.000).The myofilaments/cytoplasm ratio exhibited cyclical changes in JZ (P=0.029),but in OM,the cyclical changes were absent (P=0.083).Conclusions Compared with OM,ultrastructures associated with synthetic organelles are prominent,whereas the contractile organelles are reduced.And there are the cyclical changes in ultrastructural characteristics.The ultrastructural features of JZ are the basis of its physiology.

Objective To propose a remote printing mode for hospital clinical report to enhance the efficiency of clinical staffs.Methods A function module for report export was developed based on scheme demonstration,and the obstacles between internal and external networks were eliminated.Results The mode had the clinical requirements satisfied,medical errors avoided and medical cost saved.Conclusion The mode can be implemented in some hospital with multi sections and ununified information systems,and thus has practical values.

Objective To evaluate effect of clinical study combined with short-term intensive simulation on training of hysteroscopy technology. Methods Trainees receiving training of hystero-scopy technology from the January to December 2012 in Gynecology Minimally Invasive Center, Bei-jing Gynecology and Obstetrics Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University were enrolled and di-vided into two groups depending on the different training modes. Twenty-four trainees in group1 par-tic-ipated in three-month hysteroscopic clinical study program. Twenty-two trainees in group2 partici-pated in three-month clinical study program including one-week short term intensive simulation. After the training, the effect was evaluated by the rating scale and the Rank sum test was used for statisti-cal analysis. P<0.05 signifies statistically significant difference. Results The operation time(P=0.03), forward planning (P=0.02), instrument handing (P=0.00) and knowledge of specific procedure (P=0.04) were improved significantly in group 2 compared with those in group 1. Conclusions The training mode of clinical study combined with the short-term intensive simulation can improve hys-teroscopy technology effectively and should be widely applied.

This paper is aimed to fulfill a prototype system used to classify and retrieve retinal image automatically. With the content-based image retrieval (CBIR) technology, a method to represent the retinal characteristics mixing the fundus image color (gray) histogram with bright, dark region features and other local comprehensive information was proposed. The method uses kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) to further extract nonlinear features and dimensionality reduced. It also puts forward a measurement method using support vector machine (SVM) on KPCA weighted distance in similarity measure aspect. Testing 300 samples with this prototype system randomly, we obtained the total image number of wrong retrieved 32, and the retrieval rate 89.33%. It showed that the identification rate of the system for retinal image was high.
Algorithms ; Fundus Oculi ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Information Storage and Retrieval ; methods ; Numerical Analysis, Computer-Assisted ; Ophthalmoscopy ; standards ; Pattern Recognition, Automated ; methods ; Retina ; pathology ; Retinal Vessels ; pathology

Objective To study the role of capsaicin on improving the sensitivity of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cells to 5 fluorouracil(5-FU)and to investigate its molecular mechanism.Methods The MTT and animal experiment were performed to study the effect of capsaicin on the sensitivity of CCA cells to 5-FU,and the q-PCR and Western blot were performed to study its molecular mechanism.Results The effect of 5-FU inhibiting the growth of CCA cells and in vivo was significantly enhanced by capsaicin (60 μmol/L),as well as the apoptosis induced by 5-FU (P ＜ 0.01).In molecular mechanism study,capsaicin down-regulated the expression of beclinl and atg5,but inhibited the 5-FU-induced autophagy of CCA cells.In addition,capsaicin effectively increased the phosphorylation levels of S6 (S235/236) and AKT (S473).Conclusions Capsaicin can promote cell apopto sis and inhibit cell autophagy to improve the sensitivity of CCA cells to 5-FU significantly,which maybe associated with the activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in CCA cells.

OBJECTIVE To study the content changes of ch emical constituents of processed products of Terminalia chebula at different temperatures ，and to compare its anti-ulcerative colitis effect. METHODS Processed products of T. chebula at different temperatures（160，180，200，220，240，260，280，300 ℃）were prepared by sand scalding technology. HPLC method was adopted to determine the contents of gallic acid ，chebulagic acid ，chebulinic acid and ellagic acid in crude drug and processed products of T. chebula at different temperatures. The mice were divided into blank group ，model group ，Mesalazin enteric-coated tablets group （positive control ，0.4 g/kg），crude drug and processed products groups of T. chebula at different temperatures （1.3 g/kg），with 10 mice in each group. Except for blank group ，other groups were given 6％ acetic acid 0.1 mL via anus to induce ulcerative colitis model. After modeling ，blank group and model group were given water intragastrically ，and other groups were given relevant drug intragastrically ，20 mL/kg，once a day ，for consecutive 7 days. The general physical signs of mice in each group were observed and the body weight was recorded. The colorectal length and index ，serum levels of related inflammation indexes [superoxide dismutase （SOD），malondialdehyde （MDA），interleukin-10 （IL-10），IL-1 β ，tumor necrosis factor α （TNF-α）] were detected. The pathomorphological changes of colon and rectum were observed ，and the comprehensive score of pharmacodynamics was performed. RESULTS With the increase of processing temperature ，the contents of chebulagic acid and chebulinic acid decreased gradually ，the content of gallic acid increased first and then decreased ，and the content of ellagic acid increased. Compared with model group ，the general physical signs ，body weight ，colorectal length ，colorectal index and related inflammation indexes were all improved significantly in crude drug and processed products groups of T. chebula at different temperatures（P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The glandular recess structure of colorectal tissue was repaired ，the infiltration of inflammatory cells was reduced ，and the comprehensive score of efficacy of processed products prepared at 260 ℃ was the highest. CONCLUSIONS The contents of chemical components in T. chebula processed at different temperatures change significantly and their anti-ulcerative colitis effects are different. The processed products of T. chebula prepared at 260 ℃ show the best anti-ulcerative colitis effect.

OBJECTIVE To optimize the extraction and separation process of chebulagic acid and chebulinic acid from Terminalia chebula. METHODS Based on single factor experiment， with particle size， liquid-solid ratio， extraction time and extraction times as factors， using the contents of chebulagic acid and chebulinic acid as indexes， orthogonal experiment was designed to optimize the extraction process of chebulagic acid and chebulinic acid. Taking sample concentration， elution solvent and the ratio of eighteen-group bonded silicone reverse phase （ODS） to the amount of raw medicine as factors， the separation processes of chebulagic acid and chebulinic acid were optimized. RESULTS The optimal extraction process of chebulagic acid and chebulinic acid included ethanol volume fraction of 70%， ultrasonic extraction， particle size of 120 mesh， liquid-solid ratio of 25∶1 （mL/g）， extraction time of 20 min， and extracting for 2 times. After 3 experiments， the average comprehensive score was 99.33 （RSD＝ 0.68%， n＝3）， and the average contents of chebulagic acid and chebulinic acid were 107.05 and 58.32 mg/g， respectively. The optimal separation process of the two components included the concentration of sample loading solution was 0.5 g/mL （1 mL was equivalent to 0.5 g of medicinal materials）， the ratio of ODS to the amount of raw medicine was 10∶1.5 （g/g）， methanol-water （1∶4， V/V） eluted chebulagic acid， methanol-water （3∶7， V/V） eluted chebulinic acid. After 3 experiments， the average total yields of the two components were 53.33%， 39.23%. After recrystallization， the purity of both components was 100%. CONCLUSIONS Established extraction and separation process of chebulagic acid and chebulinic acid is simple and feasible.