Objective To discuss the application effects of trinitarian visualization teaching model in endoscopy reprocessing teaching practice. Methods Subjects in the study were divided into the trinitarian visualization teaching group (n=40) and the traditional teaching group (n=43) by random number table method; Compliance and credibility rating of endoscope reprocessing procedures were compared between 2 groups. 2 weeks after training, objectives were examined and assessed by questionnaires separately. Results Compliance of the trinitarian visualization teaching group was higher than the traditional teaching group (χ2=10.501, P=0.033). The trinitarian visualization teaching group had a higher rating in compliance, with 47.47 credibility points, theory test (93.79 ± 3.81) points and 93.02%(40/43) of operation pass. The traditional teaching group had a credibility point of 43.68 credibility points, with theory test (85.25±3.14) points and 77.50%(31/40) of operation pass. Significant difference between the two groups were statistical significant (t=4.84 and 11.097, χ2=4.038,P<0.01 or 0.05). Conclusions The trinitarian visualization teaching model can be used to improve the reprocessing training quality, to save time and human resource and to reach the training demand.

Objective To approach the related factors and emergency endoscopic hemostasis measures for duode-nal papilla hemorrhage after ERCP, then sum up the clinical experience of prevention and treatment. Methods Clin-ical data of 27 patients with duodenal papilla hemorrhage treated by emergency endoscopic hemostasis were retro-spectively analyzed. Results 26 cases treated by emergency endoscopic hemostasis were successful, the success rate was 96.30 %. Conclusions Prevention is very important for duodenal papilla hemorrhage. Once bleeding after ER-CP, emergency endoscopic hemostasis is the most direct, simple and effective measure.

Objective To investigate the effect of minocycline on isoflurane-induced hippocampal neuroapoptosis and cognitive dysfunction in aged rats. Methods Forty-five male SD rats were randomly assigned into 3 groups ( n=15): blank control group ( group C) , 1.5% isoflurane group ( group I) and 50 mg??kg-1 minocycline+1.5% isoflurane group ( group M+I) . Minocycline was injected intraperitoneally 12 h before the start of anesthesia for group M+I.Group I and group M+I were exposed to 1.5% isoflurane for 4 h, while group C were exposed to 30% O2-70% N2.At the end of anesthesia, five rats in each group were randomized to analyse arterial blood gas. The other rats in each group were sent back to their home cage until they were fully awake.Fourteen days after anesthesia, Morris water maze was used to assess the cognitive function, and then hippocampi of rats were dissected for detection of the expression of cleaved caspase3, Bax and Bcl-2. Results No difference was found in arterial gas analysis among the 3 groups (P>0.05).Compared with group C, the rats in the group I spent more time locating the platform on the third and fourth training days and the time percentage that the rats in group I spent in the target quadrant was much less (P<0.05).However, these changes were reversed in group M+I (P<0.05).The isoflurane-induced increased level of Bax and cleaved caspase3 and decline of anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2 were restored by minocycline pretreatment ( P<0.05) . Conclusion Minocycline could attenuate cognitive dysfunction induced by isofluranein aged rats.The mechanism is associated with inhibition of hippocampal neuroapoptosis which is increased by isoflurane.

Objective The study aimed to observe the influence of Puritybile capsules combined with different doses of Compound polyethylene glycol (PEG) in bowel preparation.Methods 120 patients were set into three groups (group A,B and C) randomly (40 patients in each).Group A take the routine Compound polyethylene glycol treatment orally.On the basis of the same routine Compound polyethylene glycol treat-ment,group B added regular dose of Puritybile capsules.Group C took half dose of Compound polyethylene glycol and regular dose of Puritybile capsules.The cleaning effect and adverse reaction were compared among three groups.Results According to Ottawa Scale,the cleaning effects as well as the existing of air bubbles showed no significant difference among three groups.Among which group C was 30％lower than that of group A,10％ lower than that of group B.There was no statistical differences in adverse events.Conclusions Half dose of Compound polyethylene glycol and regular dose of Puritybile capsules can guarantee the ef-fect of bowel cleaning and lower medical expense of patients.

Objective To discuss the uhrasonography and hemodynamic characteristics of carotid atherosclerosis in elderly patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).Methods The 548 people were divided into CHD group (n = 373) and control group (n = 175) by the coronary angiography.And the patients in CHD group were sorted into myocardial infarction (MI) group (n= 160) and non-MI group (n= 213).All patients were above 60 years of age, and underwent carotid artery ultrasound examination.The data of carotid sonography and hemodynamics were classified and analyzed using SPSS 10.0 software.Results The carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), plaque thickness and score were much more in CHD group than in control group [(0.96±0.24) mm vs.(0.78±0.11) mm, (1.90±0.36) mm vs.(1.66±0.13)mm, (2.2±0.7) vs.(1.9±0.4), t= 14.81, 27.89 and 27.83, all P=0.00].A total of 161 (43.2%) patients had atherosclerotie plaques in CHD group, and there were 7 (4.0%) people with plaques in healthy control group(χ~2 =337.18, P =0.00).And there were 81.3% of patients with plaques in MI group, it was more than non-MI group, in which there were 12.9% of patients with plaques (χ~2 =60.88, P=0.00).The carotid peak systolic velocity (PSV) and resistance index (RI) were both higher in CHD group than in control group [(77.0±11.9) cm/s vs.(65.2±3.1) cm/s and 0.77±0.06 vs.0.67±0.08, (t= 12.26 and 50.43, P=0.00)].Conclusions Carotid ultrasonography could evaluate not only CHD, but also CHD severity in the elderly.

Objective To study the inhibitory effects of TPP,a desmosdumotin-C B ring para-fluoro modified derivative,on human breast cancer MCF-7 cell proliferation,and investigate the possible mechanisms.Methods MTT assay was used to measure the proliferation suppression of MCF-7 cells after treated with 1.0,2.5,5.0,10.0,and 20.0 μg/mL TPP for 48 h,and then the cell apoptosis rate and expression rate of NF-κB P65 positive cells were tested by flow cytometry after 20.0 μg/mL TPP treatment for 0,24,and 48 h.Results MTT assay showed that,after treatment for 48 h,1.0,2.5,5.0,10.0,and 20.0 μg/mL TPP all exhibited the inhibitory effects and showed a dose-dependent relationship.Flow cytometry results showed that 20.0 μg/mL TPP induced cell apoptosis after treatment for 24 and 48 h.TPP (20.0 μg/mL) significantly reduced the rate ofNF-κB P65-positive cells in MCF-7 cells after treatment for 48 h.Conclusion TPP could inhibit the proliferation of MCF-7 cells,which may be induced by cell apoptosis.Down-regulation of NF-κB is possible to be related with apoptosis.

Objective:To screen for the bioactive marine organisms and to study the active constituents from them.Methods:Bioactivities of marine organisms extracts were screened by Pyricularia oryzae bioassay method and the constituents were isolated and identified by a combination of multi chromatography and spectral analysis.Results:Twenty ethanolic extracts and 5 aqueous extracts of the tested marine organisms showed activities causing morphological abnormality of P.oryzae mycelia.Fifty six compounds were obtained and identified from Sargassum carpophyllum,Ishige okamurai and Natarchus leachii freeri ,among which 28 compounds showed activities against P.oryzae and exhibited cytotoxicities on various cultured tumor cell lines,eight compounds showed inhibition effects on Fonsecaea pedrosoi in vitro .Conclusion:The screening data and bioactivity evaluation suggest the P.oryzae bioassay is suitable for preliminary screening of bioactive agents from marine organisms.

AIM: To investigate the functional role of TGF-?_1 signal protein Smad2/3 in tubulointerstitial fibrosis associated with unilateral ureteral obstruction in rats. METHODS: The unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model was induced by the ligation of left ureter. Rats were sacrificed at 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after UUO was initiated. TGF?_1 protein, phosphorylated Smad2/3 and interstitial ?-smooth muscle actin (?-SMA) expression were assayed by immunohistochemical staining. TGF-?_1 mRNA in the obstructed kidney was analyzed with in situ hybridration. HE and Masson staining were used for histological and morphometric studies of the pathological change in obstructed kidney. RESULTS: The results showed that upregulation of TGF-?_1 in tubulointerstitium of both cortex and medulla at day 3 (a 3.1 fold increase vs control, P

AIM:To investigate the expression and probable role of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase(ERK1/2)in renal fibrosis associated with diabetic in mice.METHODS:Male homozygous C57BL/6 mice were divided at random into control group(intraperitoneally injected with citrate buffer)and diabetes group(received 5 consecutive daily intraperitoneal injections of streptozotocin at dose of 50 mg?kg-1?d-1).All mice were followed up for 16 weeks.Diabetes was confirmed by serum glucose levels exceeding 16.7 mmol/L.Mice were killed at 0,4,8,12 and 16 weeks respectively after streptozotocin injection.The kidney tissues were obtained from diabetic and control mice.Serum glucose,kidney weight/body weight(KW/BW),24 h albumin excretion rate(UAE)and the serum creatinine(Scr)were measured.The kidney tissue was used for histological and morphometric studies of glomerular size,glomerular matrix expansion(PAS),and the expression of TGF-?1,phosphorylated ERK1/2 and collagen Ⅲ by immunohistochemical staining.RESULTS:The serum level of glucose in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice increased significantly.The kidney weight/body weight ratio,glomerular volume and glomerular matrix expansion in diabetic mice were obviously higher than those in control mice.Serum creatinine and 24 h albumin excretion rate in diabetic mice increased significantly compared with control mice.TGF-?1,phosphorylated ERK1/2 and collagen Ⅲ levels were obviously increased in the kidney of diabetic mice compared with those in control mice(P

Objective:To investigate the clinical significance of epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR),proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA),laminin(LN)and type IV collagen expression in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma(SACC).Methods:EGFR gene in 78 cases of SACC with complete clinical data was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)technique,the expression of EGFR,PCNA,LN and type IV collagen protein was detected by immunohistochemistry technique(IHC),their correlation with the clin-icopathological parameters was analysed by SPSS 13.00 software.Results:EGFR gene amplification levels(69.2%)was positively related to the ratio of EGFR protein positive expression(7 1 .8%),the expression of EGFR,PCNA,LN and type IV collagen was posi-tively related to the clinical pathological parameters(P<0.05).There was a positive correlation between EGFR and PCNA expression (P<0.05),a negative correlation between LN protein and type IV collagen protein expression(P<0.05).Conclusion:EGFR gene is amplified in SACC.EGFR,PCNA,LN and type IV collagen take part in the occurrence and development of SACC.