Autopsy represents traditional and classical examination in forensic medicine. It was suggested that conventional autopsy, nowadays sometimes rejected or not tolerated by people for its damage to corpse. Virtopsy offers a non-invasive investigation approach and can also reflect fracture, soft-tissue injury, wound track, organ trauma objectively and accurately. Thus, virtopsy can provide visual and powerful evidence for forensic pathological practice. This article mainly synthesizes the latest literature at home and abroad and reviews application of virtopsy in forensic trauma identification, mechanical asphyxia, drowning, hypothermia and hyperpothermia, disease diagnosis and research of finite element method applicated in trauma investigation to illustrate this new direction of forensic research.
Autopsy/methods* ; Forensic Medicine/methods* ; Forensic Pathology ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional/methods* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Multidetector Computed Tomography/methods*

Objective To explore the expression level of CD4+ CD25+ CD127low-regulatory T cells (Treg) in the peripheral blood of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected individuals,and its association with liver pathology.Methods Thirty-five HBV-infected individuals and 20 healthy controls were enrolled.The frequencies of peripheral blood CD4+ CD25+ CD127low/-Treg were detected by flow cytometry.HBV-related serological tests as well as ultrasound-guided liver biopsies were performed in HBV-infected individuals.The two groups were compared by t test.Spearman and Pearson correlation analyses were performed.Results The alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level of HBV-infected individuals was (34.57 ± 15.36) U/L,with 25 subjects of ALT＜40 U/L.Twenty subjects were hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positive,and 15 were HBeAg negative.The frequency of the peripheral blood CD4+ CD25+ CD127low/-Treg in HBV-infected individuals was (5.59 ±1.50)％,which was significantly higher than that in healthy controls [(4.85±0.95) ％ ; t=2.191,P=0.033].The level of peripheral blood CD4+ CD25-CD127low/-Treg was positively correlated with HBV viral load (r=0.495,P=0.003).Thirty-one subjects had liver inflammatory score ≤2,with a peripheral blood CD4+ CD25+ CD127low/-Treg level of (5.80 ± 1.44) ％,which was significantly higher than that of the rest 4 subjects who had liver inflammatory score ＞2 [(4.00±0.77)％; t=2.425,P=0.021].Twenty-four subjects had liver fibrosis score ＜2,with a peripheral blood CD4+ CD25+ CD127low/-Treg level of (6.00±1.44) ％,which was significantly higher than that of the rest 11 subjects who had liver fibrosis score ≥ 2 [(4.70 ± 1.24)％; t =2.559,P＝0.015].The expression of CD4 + CD25 +CD127low/-Treg in peripheral blood was inversely correlated with liver inflammation (r=-0.539,P=0.001) and fibrosis (r =-0.488,P =0.003) in HBV-infected individuals.Conclusions CD4+ CD25+ CD127low/-Treg is associated with chronic condition and liver damage of hepatitis B.It may play an important role in occurrence,development and prognosis of the disease.

There are many deficiencies in forensic traumatic molecular markers detected by the techniques of traditional immunohistology and molecular biology, because these markers are isolated and obscure of the mechanism of interaction. The imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) is more suitable for the forensic molecular markers using function of screening, analysis and graphical representation. In this paper, the techniques and the latest research in screening and identification of typical molecular markers by IMS based on matrix-assisted laser adsorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) are reviewed. And its application values in forensic injury are discussed.
Biomarkers/analysis* ; Diagnostic Imaging ; Molecular Biology ; Molecular Weight ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization/methods*

The present paper is a morphological description of the chromosomes of the mouse, Mus musculus, based on the observations of the metaphase chromosomes of both bone marrow cells and spermatogonial cells. Chromosome morphology is found to be essentially the same as those described by the previous investigators. The systematic measurements of the chromosomes have also been presented.

Objective To obtain the optimal solid dispersion prescription of the extract of Fructus Cnidii.Methods The release rate t63.2 was used as index and uniform design was used to investigate the effect of PEG,PVP,and Poloxamer on the release of the solid dispersion of the extract of Fructus Cnidii.Results PVP,PEG can delay the release of osthole from the solid dispersion,and tween-80 can promote its release.Conclusion The optimal solid dispersion prescription consists of tween-80(10.2 %),Poloxamer(79.8 %) and the extract(10 %).

Objective To analyze and explore the clinical value of nursing intervention service in the medication management of elderly patients with hypertension. Methods 120 cases of elderly patients with hypertension and who received in Putuo Hospital of Zhejiang were collected and were randomly divided into two groups: The control group of 60 patients were given the conventional antihypertensive treatment, while the nursing group of 60 patients were given the nursing intervention on the basis of the reference group. Then, the medication management and blood pressure control of two groups after the intervention for six months were observed and compared. Results The medication knowledge, medication compliance and medication management level after the intervention in the nursing group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05); The blood pressure control rate after the intervention in the nursing group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The nursing intervention service for elderly patients with hypertension which can effectively improve the management effect and blood pressure control rate, thus it is worth learning.

Objective To understand the situation of iodine deficiency disorders of Cangzhou city, Hebei province, in order to provide the scientific basis for prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders. Methods From 2007 to 2009, dynamic monitoring of iodine deficiency disorders was carried out in low iodized salt coverage places Hejian city and Xian county. Nine towns were randomly chosen in each county, 4 administrative villages were randomly selected in each town, 8 household salts were tested in each village. Every year, 1 - 3 copies of residents water samples were collected for determination of iodine; more than 100 students age 8 - 10 years old were checked the situation of goiter and urinary iodine, more than 40 students selected were measured iodine content of salt from their home; more than 50 women of childbearing age 18 - 40 years were tested of urinary iodine. Thyroid was examined with palpation; water iodine and urine iodine concentration were measured with arsenic-Ce catalytic spectrophotometry; salt iodine was detected by direct titration. Results From 2007 to 2009,median household salt iodine were 4.3,15.9,3.6,18.4,4.6,11.7 mg/kg in Hejian city and Xian county, respectively,iodized salt accounted for 34.03% (98/288), 78.82% (227/288), 29.86% (86/288), 84.72% (244/288), 37.15%(107/288),49.31% (142/288), respectively, the consuming rate of iodized salt were 27.08% (78/288),36.46%( 105/288 ), 28.13% (81/288 ), 49.31% ( 142/288 ), 37.15 % ( 107/288 ), 30.90% ( 89/288 ), respectively. Ten samples of drinking water were tested, water iodine were 5.5 - 34.4 μg/L. From 2007 to 2009, the goiter rate of students aged 8 - 10 years old was below 5%, the median of urinary iodine were 138.1,176.6,112.0 μg/L, ＜ 100 μg/L ratio were 31.6% ( 65/206 ), 25.0% ( 52/208 ) and 44.4% (91/205 ). The median of urinary iodine of child-bearing age women were 167.3,164.2,78.1 μg/L, ＜ 100 μg/L ratio were 28.7%(29/101 ), 19.2%(20/104) and 60.0%(60/100).Conclusions In areas with low coverage of iodized salt, iodine nutrition level are affected, the child-bearing age

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the methanol extraction technology of tripterine in the fruit of Celastrus monospermus. METHODS:HPLC was adopted to determine the content of tripterine. Using extraction time,extraction times,solid-liquid ratio as investigation factors,extraction rate of tripterine as investigation index,orthogonal test was designed,and verification test was con-ducted. RESULTS:The optimal methanol extraction technology was as follow as 45% methanol extracting 2 h each time with sol-id-liquid ratio of 1:8 for 3 times. In the verification test,the average extraction rate of tripterine was 0.917 mg/g(RSD=2.85%, n=3). CONCLUSIONS:The optimized methanol extraction technology is stable and feasible with high extraction rate,and is suit-able for the extraction of tripterine in the fruit of C. monospermus.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the forms of carbamazepine and its metabolites in the gastric juice,blood and urine samples from a poisoned patient and its metabolic pathways. METHODS The gastric juice,blood and urine samples were obtained from a patient who was rushed to the Hospital of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases to be treated for an overdose of carbamazepine for about six hours. The samples were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The metabolites were identified from their mass spectra by comparison with spectra in NIST 98 libraries. The metabolic pathways were inferred by fragmentation regularities of mass spectra and the published data. RESULTS The results showed that only M1 was found in the gastric juice sample. Four metabo?lites,such as iminostilbene(M1),9-methyl-acridine(M2),9-propyl-acridan(M4)and M3,were found in the blood sample and thirteen metabolites,including M1,M2,M4,acridine(M5),acridone(M6), 9,10-dihydro Acridine (M7), 1a,10b-dihydro-6H-dibenz[b,f]oxireno[d]azepine-6-carboxamide (M8),9-acridinemethanol (M9),10,11-dihydrodiol-carbamazepine (M10),2-methyl-acridone (M12),4-methyl-acridone(M13),undetermined M3 and M11,were found in the urine from the poi?soned patient. The forms of carbamazepine metabolites in the gastric juice ,blood and urine were different. Little carbamazepine was found in the urine after metabolism. CONCLUSION Based on the analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and identification of NIST 98 libraries,the metabolites could be identified accurately,which can help analyze the metabolic mechanism and pathways of carbam?azepine.

Finite element method (FEM) is an effective mathematical method for stress analysis, and has been gradually applied in the study of biomechanics of human body structures. This paper reviews the construction, development, materials assignment and verification of FEM model of cervical vertebra, and it also states the research results of injury mechanism of whiplash injury and biomechanical response analysis of the cervical vertebra using FEM by researchers at home and abroad.
Adult ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cervical Vertebrae/physiopathology* ; Finite Element Analysis ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc/physiopathology* ; Male ; Models, Anatomic ; Soft Tissue Injuries/physiopathology* ; Stress, Mechanical ; Whiplash Injuries/physiopathology*