Objective To detect the metabolites of non-motor functional area in patients with Parkinson disease (PD) by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS).Methods Forty-two PD patients (PD group) tested with unified PD rating scale (UPDRS) and 20 healthy controls(normal control group) were enrolled in this study.MRI and 1H-MRS using a GE signa excite1.5T MR was obtained,and the ratios of metabolites such as N-acetylaspartate(NAA)/creatin(Cr),NAA/cholinecompounds(Cho) in the prefrontal lobe,hippocampus,cuneus gyrus and dorsal thalamus were compared.Correlations between brain metabolites and UPDRS were analyzed.Results The levels of NAA/Cr,and NAA/Cho in bilateral dorsal thalamus,cuneus gyrus,hippocampus,prefrontal lobe in PD group were significantly lower than those in normal control group (P ＜ 0.01).The level of Cho/Cr in right hippocampus,right cuneus gyms,and right dorsal thalamus in PD group was significantly higher than that in normal control group (P ＜ 0.05).The NAA/Cho in the left hippocampus (r =-0.388,P =0.011) and left cuneus gyrus (r =-0.325,P =0.036) was negatively correlated with UPDRS scores (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions There is extensive neuronal damage and some glial proliferation in the non-motor functional areas including prefrontal lobe,hippocampus,cuneus gyrus,anddorsal thalamus in the PD patients.The degree of damage in left hippocampus and left cuneus gyms is positively correlated with the severity of the disease clinically.

Objective To explore the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of secondary thyroid neoplasms. Methods To retrospectively analyse clinical manifestations,examinations and treatment of 83 cases of secondary thyroid cancer, which were retrieved from CNKI (1994-2008). Results In all cases, 39 were male, 39 were female and 5 were unknow, aged from 16 to 78 years old, median age was 52. The primary cancers included 31 esophageal carcinomas, 12 lung cancers, 8 laryngopharynx cancers, 7 clear cell renal carcinomas, 6 rectal carcinomas, 6 melanomas, 3 breast cancers, 3 rhabdomyosarcoma, 2 gatric cancers, 1 liver cancer, 1 cervical cancer, 1 nonchromaffin paraganglioma,1 ovary cancer, 1 lip squamous cell carcinomac. 64 patients had undergone chemotherapy or surgery or radiotherapy. The intervals between finding of primary carcinoma and secondary thyroid carcinoma ranged from 1 month to 26 years with a median time of 2.5 years. Patients died of widespread metastases from 1 month to 12 years following the diagnosis of secondary carcinoma in thyroid, with a median time of 32 months. Conclusions Metastasis in the thyroid gland is uncommon and may cause a diagnostic problem. Metastatic cancer to the thyroid should be considered when a patient with histoy of malignant tumor has a recent found thyroid lesions. With the combination of Surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the survival of patients can be significantly prolonged.

AIM: To study the protective effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on myocardial ischemia in rats and their underlying mechanism. METHODS: A rat myocardial ischemic injury model was established by left coronary artery ligation. The rats were killed at 2 h, 4 h, 8 h after coronary artery occlusion. The samples of blood and myocardium were collected for observing the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in myocardial cells and the changes of superoxide dismutase (SOD) or myocardial enzymes. RESULTS: The amount of Bcl-2 protein expression of myocardial cells in ischemia + bFGF group was significantly higher than that in ischemia+saline group (P

Objective To explore the efficiency of transcervical video-assisted mini-incision thyroidectomy for thyroid tumor. Methods 53 patients with thyroid tumors who underwent the video-assisted mini-incision thyroidectomy from Jan. 2006 to Dec. 2009 in the Department of Thyroid Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital,were retrospectively studied. Results All of the patients, except 5 cases converting to open thyroidectomy, underwent the video-assisted mini-incision thyroidectomy successfully. The temporary recurrent laryngeal nerve injury occurred in 1 patients. The subcutaneous fluid accumulation occurred in 3 patients. The skin burns around the incisions occurred in 3 patients. There was no complication of hematoma, hypocalcemia, or superior laryngeal nerve injuries. The follow-up period was from 3 months to 35 months. There was no evidence of recurrence and metastasis by postoperative ultrasonic and CT scan and radioiodine scintigraphy. Conclusions The video-assisted mini-incision thyroidectomy is feasible, safe, and with the advantage of cosmetic results. For thyroid tumor,especially thyroid cancer, longer follow-up is necessary to draw definitive conclusion on recurrence and survival rate.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and effectiveness of fast track surgery (FTS) in l aparoscopy-assisted radical distal gastrectomy (LADG) for gastric cancer.MethodsSixty-one patientswith distal gastric cancer were randomly divided into three groups:FTS + LADG group (n =19) undergoing LADG and FTS treatments,LADG group (n =22) undergoing LADG and traditional perioperative cares,and FTS + ODG ( open distal gastrectomy) group ( n =21 ) undergoing ODG and FTS treatments.FTS treatments included avoidance of mechanical bowel cleansing,restrictive perioperative intravenous infusion,early ambulation,early enteral nutrition.The age,sex,body weight,anastomotic mode,number of lymph node dissected,and tumor stage,serum albumin (ALB),blood urea nitrogen (BUN),C-reaction protein (CRP),flatus time,postoperative hospital stay,medical cost,and postoperative complications were compared between three groups. ResultsThe level of ALB in FTS + LADG group were higher than in LADG group at the 4th and 7th day after surgery ( P ＜ 0.05,P ＜ 0.01 ).Compared to LADG group,the variation of ALB from preoperation to 4th day after surgery in FTS + LADG group and FTS + ODG group was significant( P ＜ 0.01,P ＜ 0.05 ).CRP level between FTS + LADG group and FTS + ODG group were different significantly at 4th and 7th day after surgery ( P ＜ 0.05,P ＜ 0.05).FTS + LADG group has earlier recovery of gastrointestinal peristalsis than other two groups ( P ＜ 0.05,P ＜ 0.05 ).The medical cost in FTS + LADG group was less than in LADG group ( P =0.003 ),but higher than in FTS + ODG group (P ＜0.01 ).ConclusionsThe practice of FTS in LADG was safe,effective,improves nutritional status,eases stress reaction,accelerates gastrointestinal peristalsis and postoperative rehabilitation.

Objective To explore the feasibility and efficiency of minimally invasive video-assisted thy-roidectomy on thyroid microcarcinoma, and sum up the experiences. Methods 9 patients with thyroid microcarci-noma who underwent the minimally invasive video-assisted thyroidectomy from Jan 2006 to Feb 2009, were retro-spectively studied. Results All of the patients, except 1 case converting to open thyroidectomy, underwent the minimally invasive video-assisted thyroidectomy successfully. The subcutaneous hydrops occurred in 1 patient. The skin burns around the incisions occurred in 1 patient. There were no complications of recurrent laryngeal nerve injuries, neck hematoma, hypocalcemia, or superior laryngeal nerve injuries. The follow-up period of 15 cases were from 3 months to 37 months. There were no evidences of recurrence and metastasis by both postopera-five ultrasonic/CT examination and radioiodine scintigraphy. Conclusions The minimally invasive video-assisted thyroidectomy is safe and feasible (similar to the traditional thyroidectomy), of gratifying cosmetic results, for low-risk differentiated thyroid microcarcinoma without lymph node metastasis. For the median-risk or high-risk, more patients, comparative studies and long follow-ups are necessary to draw definitive conclusions in terms of its recurrence and survival rate.

Hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）， an insidious malignant tumor with high incidence and lethality， poses a major threat to physical and mental health of human beings. The pathological mechanism needs to be further studied. Surgery， radiotherapy， chemotherapy， and targeted drugs are effective but induce many adverse reactions. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has unique advantages and abundant clinical experience in the treatment of HCC. There has been an explosion of research on the pathways， targets， and mechanism of TCM against HCC from the perspective of molecular biology. According to previous research， Chinese medicinals or compound Chinese medicine prescriptions， directly or indirectly prevent the occurrence and progression of HCC through multiple pathways and targets， which is closely related to the pathophysiological processes such as cell proliferation， metastasis， apoptosis， autophagy， inflammatory response， and immune response. This paper summarizes and analyzes research on the action pathways and mechanisms of Chinese medicine against HCC. Specifically， isoliquiritigenin， dendrobium candidum and Yexiazhu compound Ⅱ regulate phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B （PI3K/Akt） signaling pathway to inhibit the growth， proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells. Toad venom and dioscorea zingiberensis induce and enhance HCC autophagy by modulating mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） signaling pathway. Myricetin， asparagus， and Biejiajian Wan regulate mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） signaling pathway to promote HCC cell cycle arrest， inhibit angiogenesis， and induce apoptosis. Polygonum odoratum， tetragonum， and plantainoside modulate nuclear factor-kappa B （NF-κB） to inhibit inflammatory response and HCC metastasis and reduce drug resistance. Quercetin and erigeron breviscapus control the Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （JAK2/STAT3） signaling pathway to suppress epithelial-mesenchymal transition （EMT） and remodel cytoskeleton. This paper is expected to lay a theoretical basis for the in-depth research on and clinical application of Chinese medicine in the treatment of HCC.

Objective: To screen the risk factors of patients with frequent acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by detecting the clinical indicators of periodontitis and the level of bacterial and inflammatory markers in saliva. Methods: Thirty-eight COPD patients in their stable period were recruited and detected from Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital,Capital Medical University during December 2016 to May 2017. The periodontal index were recorded. The levels of inflammatory factors in saliva samples were examined by using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The bacteria composition in the saliva samples were identified by using 16SrRNA gene pyrosequencing. All patients were followed up and monitored for acute exacerbation of COPD for 12 months. The patients were divided into frequent acute exacerbation group (≥2 times/year, n=10) and non frequent acute exacerbation group (<2 times/year, n=28). Results: In univariate analysis, the patients′ average age of frequent acute exacerbation group (69.0±7.3) was significantly older than that of non-frequent acute exacerbation group (61.8±8.3) (P=0.02). The numbers of remaining teeth ≤26 [100% (10/10)] was significantly higher and plaque index ≤2.5 (2/10) in frequent acute exacerbation group was significantly lower compared with the remaining teeth ≤26 [43% (12/28)] and the plaque index ≤2.5 [71% (21/28)] in non-frequent acute exacerbation group (P=0.02, P=0.01). The proportions of salivary inflammatory factors interleukin-6 (IL-6) level ≤60 ng/L (10%),C-reactive protein (CRP) level ≤1 550 μg/L (30%), matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) level ≤140 μg/L (30%) and fibrinogen level ≤90 mg/L (30%) in frequent acute exacerbation group were significantly lower compared with salivary inflammatory factors IL-6 level ≤60 ng/L (71%),CRP level ≤1 550 μg/L (71%), MMP-8 level ≤140 μg/L (86%) and fibrinogen level ≤90 mg/L (71%) in non-frequent acute exacerbation group (P<0.05). The differences of relative abundances of salivary bacteria,such as species of Chloroflexi, Anaerolineae, Anaeroales, Corynebacteriales, Anaerolineaceae, Tissierellaceae, Leptotrichiaceae, Corynebacteriaceae, Leptotrichia, Moryella, Lachnoanaerobaculum and Corynebacterium between frequent acute exacerbation group and non-frequent acute exacerbation group were significantly different (P<0.05). In multivariate logistics regression analysis,the level of IL-6 >60 ng/L and the relative abundance of Corynebacteriales >0.2 had significant difference (P<0.05). Conclusions The level of IL-6 and the relative abundance of Corynebacteriales might be the markers of frequent acute exacerbation in COPD patients.