0.05). But according to the data, IL-8 in Qingqinye low dosage group was lower than model group, positive medicine group, Qingqinye high dosage group and Qingqinye middle dosage group. TNF-? in Qingqinye group was lower than model group and positive medicine group, especially in Qingqinye middle dosage group. Pathological section with articular cavity and surrounding tissues were better in positive medicine group and Qingqinye group. Conclusion Qingqinye has a certain effect for repairing joint immune pathological injury in hyperuricemia model rats.

Objective To investigate the risk factors of acute kidney injury(AKI) after intracoronary stent implantation in order to provide the basis for clinical prophylaxis and treatment.Methods Retrospectively analyzed 626 consecutive patients who underwent isolated intracoronary stent implantation in our institution from January 2007 to July 2011.Multivariate logistic regression model was constructed to identify the risk factors for the development of AKI defined as a serum creatinine (SCr) 130 to 199 μ mol/L or estimated creatinine clearance(Ccr) 30 to 60 ml/min per 1.73 m2.Results Ninety-three patients of 626 (14.9％) underwent isolated intracoronary stent implantation developed AKI.The results of the multivariate forward stepwise logistic regression analysis found that risk factors for the development of AKI following isolated intra-coronary stent implantation was associated with age (OR =1.570,95％ CI 1.308-1.885),ejection fraction (EF) ≤ 30％(OR =11.526,95％ CI 2.452-54.177),hypotension during perioperative and postoperation (OR =11.074,95％ CI 2.439-50.282),operation duration(OR =1.032,95％ CI 1.012-1.051),sex (OR =0.010,95％ CI 0.001-0.086),NYHA class Ⅲ & Ⅳ (OR =0.209,95％ CI 0.059-0.737),peripheral vascular disease (OR =0.528,95％ CI 0.286-0.973),chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (OR =0.546,95％ CI 0.304-0.982),preoperation Cr (OR=1.418,95％CI 1.216-1.654) (and all P＜0.05).Conclusion AKI is the common complications after intracoronary stent implantation,especially age,EF ≤ 30％,hypotension during perioperative and postoperation,operation duration are independent risk factors.

BACKGROUND: The development of cartilage tissue engineering provides novel ideas for treatment of articular cartilage defects and implements construction of tissue-engineered cartilage in vivo.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of constructing tissue-engineered osteochondral composite through bone marrow stem cells(BMSCs) cultured on the poly(lactide-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), which was modified with collagen and cellular growth factors.METHODS: PLGA was made by phase separation technique, composited with collagen Ⅱ, basic fibroblast growth factor, and transforming growth factor-β1. The BMSCs of passage 3 were cultured on the above scaffolds. Thirty-six SD rats were randomly divided into experimental, control, and blank groups. These three groups received implantation of BMSCs composited with growth factors and collagen-PLGA, implantation of BMSCs composited with collagen-PLGA, and implantation of collagen-PLGA into the muscle, respectively. At 4, 8, and 12 weeks after surgery, cell directional differentiation and growth were examined by gross observation, hematoxylin-eosin staining, toluidine blue staining, collagen Ⅱ staining, and scanning electron microscope.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Gross observation showed that there were many chondroid tissues in the experimental group and fibrous tissues in the control and black groups. Stainings and electron microscope revealed that many chondroblasts and a few osteoclasts appeared in the composite of the experimental group. Toluidine blue and collagen Ⅱ stainings were positive in the experimental group and negative in the control and blank groups. These findings demonstrate that PLGA modified with collagen had a good cellular compatibility. BMSCs cultured on PLGA, which was modified with collagen and cellular growth factors, can construct the tissue-angineered osteochondral composite in rats.

Objective To re-evaluate the immunogenicity of meningococcal serogroups A and C polysaccharide vaccine among a healthy population of age 5 to 59.Methods Pre and post-vaccination ser-um samples were collected from the subjects involved in a randomized , controlled clinical trial conducted in 2005 at Hechi, Guangxi, China.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed for the quan-titative detection of specific anti-capsule IgG antibody against meningococcal serogroups A and C in serum samples.Serum bactericidal assay ( SBA) was used to measure the bactericidal antibody activity against se-rougroups A and C bacterial strains .Results Geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) of specific anti-cap-sule IgG antibody were 23.66 μg/ml and 78.83 μg/ml for serogroup A (P<0.05), and 1.23 μg/ml and 51.25 μg/ml for serogroup C (P<0.05) in serum samples of pre and post-vaccination, respectively.Be-fore immunization , 99% of serum samples ( 97/98 ) showed serogroup A-specific IgG concentration ≥2μg/ml, which reached up to 100%(98/98) after vaccination (P>0.05).The percentage of serum sam-ples with serogroup C-specific IgG concentration ≥2 μg/ml rose from 20%to 99% after vaccination ( P<0.05).The ratio of positive serum samples with at least four times of increases in concentration of specific IgG against serogroup A and serogroup C after vaccine immunization were 34% and 100%, respectively . The rSBA geometric mean titers ( GMTs) for serogroups A and C in serum sample of post-vaccination were respectively elevated from 1164 to 5530 (P<0.05), and from 4 to 6225 (P<0.05).The percentage of se-rum samples with rSBA GMTs≥128 increased from 91% to 99% for serogroup A (P>0.05), and from 14%to 96%for serogroup C (P<0.05) after vaccination.The rSBA GMTs with at least four times of in-creases after vaccination were detected respectively in 53% and 100% of serogroups A and C vaccinated subjects.Pearson correlation coefficient between IgG concentration and rSBA GMTs was r=0.15 (pre) and r=0.23 (post) for serogroup A, and r=-0.14 (pre) and r=0.58 (post) for serogroup C (P<0.05). Conclusion This study has demonstrated an efficient and sustained immunogenicity with meningococcal sero -groups A and C polysaccharide vaccine as evidenced by the data from standardized assays of ELISA and SBA .

Objective To dynamically analyze the antibodies with regard to in vitro serum bacteri-cidal activity and the quantity of IgG in healthy adults received one dose of immunization with ACYW 135 me-ningococcal polysaccharide vaccine .To investigate the term of protection with polysaccharide vaccine and the correlation between bactericidal titer and IgG concentration .Methods Twenty healthy adults were given one dose of immunization with quadrivalent meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine .Serum samples were col-lected before and after vaccination at specific time points .Test for serum bactericidal activity ( SBA ) and quantitative ELISA were performed to detect bactericidal titers and IgG concentrations in serum samples .Re-sults Certain levels of antibodies against capsular polysaccharides of serogroup A , C, Y and W135 strains had already existed prior to immunization .Moreover, bactericidal titers against serogroup A , Y and W135 strains except serogroup C strain were relatively high .Specific IgG concentrations and bactericidal titers for all serogroup stains were significantly increased on day 15 after vaccination (P<0.05), and then sustained at a high level during a time period from day 30 to day 160.Both IgG concentrations and bactericidal titers dropped to the levels similar to that before preimmunization in about 3 years.No significant correlation was observed between bactericidal titers and IgG concentrations (r<0.3, P>0.05).However, a close correla-tion was demonstrated between GMTs and GMCs of serum samples (r>0.7, P<0.05).Conclusion The geometric mean titers ( GMTs) and geometric mean concentrations ( GMCs) of serum samples collected be-fore and after vaccination at different time points were reliable and consistent parameters for the evaluation of vaccine .The term of protection of quadivalent meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine was about 3 years upon a single dose of immunization .

BACKGROUND: Though there were many experiments addressing repairing osteochondral defects before, faulty restoration occurred at coupling interfaces. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of repairing of osteochondral composite defects in rabbit knees with animal-origin osteochondral scaffold combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs)/chondrocytes.METHODS: New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into the experimental, control and blank groups and prepared for unilateral knee joint osteochondral defects. Animal-origin osteochondral scaffold combined with BMSCs/chondrocytes, animal-origin osteochondral scaffold and no material was implanted to repair the defects in the experimental, control and blank groups, respectively. Healing condition was evaluated by gross observation, hematoxylin-eosin staining, and toluidine blue staining at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after operation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 12 weeks after operation, gross observation showed the defects were repaired completely without local depression and the regenerated tissues were fused with surrounding tissues in the experimental group. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and toluidine blue staining revealed that there were many new hyaline cartilages in the cartilage defects in which columnar cells were lined well and cartilage lacuna was obviously, also, there were many bony tissues in the bone defects. The regeneration cartilage, the underlying subchondral bone and host bone were coupled completely. The toluidine blue positive rate and histologic scores of the experimental group were superior to those of the control and blank groups (P < 0.05). It is demonstrated that animal-origin osteochondral scaffold combined with BMSCs/chondrocytes is an ideal method to repair defects between cartilage and the underlying subchondral bone.

Objective To prepare a human meningococcal reference serum and standardize IgG concentrations to capsular polysaccharides and in vitro bactericidal activities of the reference serum against serogroup A, C, Y and W135 strains.Methods Twenty healthy adults were recruited and given one dose of immunization with tetravalent (serogroups A, C, Y and W135) meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine . Plasma samples were collected and gone through a series of process treatments including defibrination , filtra-tion, and lyophilization to prepare the meningococcal reference serum Men 10.The IgG concentrations of Men10 to capsular polysaccharides of serogroups A , C, Y and W135 were calibrated by using an internation-al reference serum CDC1992 as the standard in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Provisional IgG concentrations of Men10 were intensively validated by testing a panel of 12 calibration serum samples from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , USA ( US CDC) and a panel of 56 serum samples immu-nized with A, C, Y and W135 meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine from Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd.(LIBP) with the assays using Men10 and CDC1992 as the standard and/or test sam-ples, respectively.The bactericidal titers against serogroup A , C, Y and W135 strains were measured by se-rum bactericidal assay (SBA).Results Four thousand vials (0.5 ml/vial)of lyophilized human meningo-coccal reference serum Men10 were successfully prepared with 2.5%of residual moisture .Reference serum Men10 was sterile and free from contamination by hepatitis B virus , hepatitis C virus , human immunodefi-ciency virus and syphilis .Provisional IgG concentration of Men 10 to capsular polysaccharide of serogroups A, C, Y and W135 was calibrated by using CDC1992 as the standard.Furthermore, IgG concentrations of both panels of 12 CDC calibration serum samples and 56 LIBP serum samples calibrated by using Men 10 as the standard correlated well with those by using CDC1992 as the standard (r=0.99,P<0.05).The IgG concentrations of CDC1992 as calibrated by using Men10 as the standard showed significant correlation with its previously determined values with variation <10%.SBA titers for serotype A , C, Y and W135 strains were established as well .Conclusion A panel of new human meningococcal reference serum Men 10 with accurately calibrated IgG concentration against capsular polysaccharide of serogroups A , C, Y and W135 as well as SBA titers was successfully established .

This study aimed to obtain the first national estimate of the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Chinese children. We targeted the population of 6 to 12-year-old children for this prevalence study by multistage convenient cluster sampling. The Modified Chinese Autism Spectrum Rating Scale was used for the screening process. Of the target population of 142,086 children, 88.5% (n = 125,806) participated in the study. A total of 363 children were confirmed as having ASD. The observed ASD prevalence rate was 0.29% (95% CI: 0.26%-0.32%) for the overall population. After adjustment for response rates, the estimated number of ASD cases was 867 in the target population sample, thereby achieving an estimated prevalence of 0.70% (95% CI: 0.64%-0.74%). The prevalence was significantly higher in boys than in girls (0.95%; 95% CI: 0.87%-1.02% versus 0.30%; 95% CI: 0.26%-0.34%; P < 0.001). Of the 363 confirmed ASD cases, 43.3% were newly diagnosed, and most of those (90.4%) were attending regular schools, and 68.8% of the children with ASD had at least one neuropsychiatric comorbidity. Our findings provide reliable data on the estimated ASD prevalence and comorbidities in Chinese children.