OBJECTIVE:To optimize the extraction technology of total saponins from Litchi chinensis.METHODS:The extraction technology of total saponins from Litchi chinensis was optimized by orthogonal experiment taking the content of total saponins and extraction rate as indexes with the extraction solvent,the amount of solvent,the extraction time and extraction times as factors. RESULTS:The optimal extraction technology of total saponins from Litchi chinensis was as follows:70% ethanol as solvent,1 g medicinal powder(per 8 mL solvent),extraction time of 1 hour (extraction for 1 time). CONCLUSION:The optimum extracting technology is simple,feasible and stable,and it provides theoretic basis for the further utilization of Litchi chinensis.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a RP-HPLC method for simultaneously determining 2 components in compound ornidazole suppository.METHODS:The HPLC method was performed on Symmetry C18 column(4.6mm?150mm),a mixture of methanol and 0.01mol/L KH2PO4 as mobile phase,and tinidazole as internal standard.The detection wavelength was set at 305nm,and flow rate was 1.0ml/min.RESULTS:The linear rangs of ornidazole and levofloxacin were 5～80?g/ml(r=0.9 997)and 2.5～40?g/ml(r=0.9 999)respectively.The average recovery(n=5)was (100.65?2.27)%for ornidazole,(98.86?1.28)%for levofloxacin.CONCLUSION:This method is rapid,simple and accurate and can be used for the quality control of compound ornidazole suppository.

OBJECTIVE:To probe the characteristics and regularities of drug-induced allergic shock.METHODS:The case reports of drug-induced allergic shock,published on Chinese medical periodicals during the period of1998to2003,were collected and analysed.RESULTS:Ocurrence rate and mortality of allergic shock induced by antimicrobials,Chinese materia medica and biologicals occupied the front3places in sequence,and drugs for intravenous administration resulted in the highest rate(61.30%).A large proportion of allergic shock was immediate type(78.73%).Drug-induced allergic shock was indepen?dent of sex and age.CONCLUSION:Allergic history should be taken in detail before the use,the indications of drug use strictly controlled and the ADRs observed so as to ensure the safe use of drugs.

Objective To observe the effects of parecoxib sodium on laparoscopic cholecystectomy ( LC ) patients after remifentanil fast track anesthesia.Methods 120 patients underwent general anesthesia for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were divided into two groups using random number table,60 cases in each group.The observation group was injected parecoxib sodium 40mg+saline solution 5 mL,while the control group was injected only saline so-lution 5mL prior to induction of anesthesia.The heart rate,mean arterial pressure,awaked time,pain score,agitation score and adverse reaction were compared.Results 5, 15, 30min after extubation, heart rate were ( 75.7 ± 4.8)times/min,(79.3 ±6.2)times/min,(74.2 ±5.2)times/min in the observation group and (85.2 ±3.8)times/min, (88.2 ±5.9)times/min,(86.1 ±6.2)times/min in the control group,and the mean arterial pressure were (103.5 ± 11.3)mmHg,(104.7 ±12.6)mmHg,(108.4 ±12.7)mmHg in the observation group and (132.3 ±16.3)mmHg, (135.2 ±14.6) mmHg,(133.6 ±11.8) mmHg in the control group,there were statistifically significant differences (t=4.722,4.357,4.236,4.732,4.367,4.063,all P <0.05).The pain score,agitation score were (2.5 ± 0.9)points,(1.4 ±0.8) points in the observation group,which were lower than (4.2 ±1.2) points,(3.2 ± 1.2)points in the control group(t =4.232,5.234,all P<0.05).Conclusion Parecoxib sodium can reduce the fast-track anesthesia agitation and pain,improve hemodynamics and stress response in LC patients.

OBJECTIVE:To systematically review the effectiveness and safety of combination prescription of lidocaine with ropivacaine for anesthesia,and provide evidence-based reference for developing new compound preparation. METHODS:Retrieved from CJFD,Wanfang Database,VIP,PubMed and EBSCO,randomized controlled trials (RCT) about lidocaine combined with ropivacaine versus lidocaine alone or ropivacaine alone for anesthesia were collected. Meta-analysis was performed by using Rev Man 5.0 software provided by the Cochrane Collaboration after data extracting and quality evaluating. RESULTS:Totally 30 RCT were included,involving 2 442 patients. Results of Meta-analysis showed,lidocaine+ropivacaine vs. lidocaine:onset time was 6.77 min vs. 7.11 min [MD=-0.29,95%CI(-0.43,-0.16),P<0.001],maintenance time was 5.11 h vs. 2.11 h [MD=3.13,95%CI (3.02,3.25),P<0.001] and the incidence of adverse reactions was 28.6% vs. 44.6% [MD=0.43,95%CI(0.31,0.62),P<0.001];lidocaine+ropivacaine vs. ropivacaine:onset time was 9.49 min vs. 15.85 min [MD=-4.43,95%CI(-4.63,-4.22),P<0.001];maintenance time was 4.84 h vs. 6.79 h [MD=-0.61,95%CI(-0.71,-0.51),P<0.001];the incidence of adverse reac-tions was 44.8% vs. 48.1% [MD=0.82,95%CI(0.56,1.19),P=0.30]. Sensitivity analysis showed that the results were in stabili-ty. CONCLUSIONS:Lidocaine combined with ropivacaine shows rapid onset and long duration in anesthesia,and it can reduce ad-verse reactions play their respective advantages.

OBJECTIVE:To standardize the operation of monitoring work of the adverse drug reaction in our hospital.METHODS:Based on the newly revised reporting and monitoring administration measures on adverse drug reaction,a detailed specification on a series of operations such as the finding,collection,analyzing,evaluation,feedback,sorting and quantization check of the drug adverse reaction(ADR)and the organization of the drug adverse reaction monitoring in our hospital was formulated.RESULTS:ADR reporting cases increased year by year in our hospital after the specification was formulated.CONCLUSION:This specification is feasible in operation,which can be put into practice well.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the necessity of skin test for consecutive use of penicillin with different batch numbers or manufacturers.METHODS:The domestic situation of skin test for penicillin use and its relevant requirements were analyzed,the anaphylactogens and the related mechanisms were discussed.RESULT&CONCLUSION:It is not necessary to perform a new skin test for continuous use of penicillin with different batch numbers and produced by different manufacturers.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the characteristics and regularity of drug-induced deaths so as to promote the ra?tional use of drugs in the clinic.METHODS:The case reports on drug-induced deaths retrieved from Chinese medical science periodicals from1998to2004collected in CHKD periodicals knowledge base in China hospital digital library were analyzed statistically.RESULTS:Of the total drug-induced deaths,43.85%were by iv,which dominate the first place in terms of fatality rates;antimicrobials,Chinese herbal medicine,antineoplastic agent and drugs that affect blood system and hematopoietic system dominated the first5places in terms of the fatality rates;the mortality of allergic shock was higher,which made up about31.81%.CONCLUSION:An indispensable measure to reduce drug-induced disease and its fatality rate is to strictly control the indications of medication and enhance the cultivation of professional staffs'professional activities and service quali?ty.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate BET for five Chinese medicinal herbs for injection METHODS:By interfering test Suanghuanglian for injection showed no interference with BET,Yinzhihuang for injection had inhibiting action,Salviae mtltiorrhizae composita,Qingkailing and Shengmai for injections revealed enhancing action on BET RESULTS:The interference could be eliminated when the samples were diluted with dextran solution CONCLUSION:Five Chinese medicinal herbs for injection can be examined by BET instead of the pyrogen test method

OBJECTIVE： To investigate BET for five Chinese medicinal herbs for injection METHODS： By interfering test Suanghuanglian for injection showed no interference with BET， Yinzhihuang for injection had inhibiting action， Salviae mtltiorrhizae composita， Qingkailing and Shengmai for injections revealed enhancing action on BET RESULTS： The interference could be eliminated when the samples were diluted with dextran solution CONCLUSION： Five Chinese medicinal herbs for injection can be examined by BET instead of the pyrogen test method