The efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) is the summary for the effects of traditional Chinese medicine.The effect of traditional Chinese medical pharmacology is studying the interaction mechanism between TCM and body,using the modern technical methods and guiding by TCM theories.Most efficacies of TCM are identical with pharmacological effects.The clinical use of TCM pharmacy will give a full play of treatment only by guided with the theory of the concept of the whole and treatment based on syndrome differentiation and integrated with the efficacy of TCM and the principal compatibility of medicine.

Objective To evluate the efficacy of ureteroscope and holmium laser in the treatment of ureteral stones. Methods 48 cases of ureteral stones were ureteroscopicaly treated by the use of the above mentioned lithotripter from February 2001 to August 2001. Results 98%(47/48)of the stones being expelled within 5 days after the double J tube were pulled out.No complicaticons occurred. Conclusions Treatment of the ureteral stones by the use of ureteroscope and holmium laser is safe and effective.

Objective To analyze the effects of minimally invasive intenvention on acute suppurative cholangitis(ASC).Methods The clinical data of 28 patients with ASC and performed with endoscopic therapy were analyzed.Results 5 patients with a single stone incarcerated in the duodenal nipple were performed with ERCP and needle electrode fenestration to removed the stone.6 patients with a single stone were performed with endoscopic sphineterotomy(EST).15 patients are successfully performed with ERCP+EST after cholangitis and general situation turned better.2 patients failed with endoscopic therapy,and they were recovered treated with conventional surgery.Conclusion Minimally invasive intenvention on ASC has characteristics of quick,minimally invasive surgery,high success rate,rapid recover,and fewer complications.

Objective:To analyze the causes and epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of brucellosis in Haidong City Qinghai Province, and provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of brucellosis.Methods:Using the retrospective research method, the epidemic data on brucellosis, field case investigations, serological test results in Haidong City, Qinghai Province in 2019 were collected from the "China Disease Prevention and Control Information System", and the above data were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological analysis.Results:There were 3 confirmed brucellosis patients, who were breeders of the farm; 1 case of latent infection was found in key population, who was villager from the same village as the confirmed patients; 4 people had a history of close contact with infected sheep. A total of 110 sheep serum and 7 bovine serum samples were collected in the animal breeding area, of which 26 were positive, all were sheep serum; 568 sheep serum and 17 bovine serum samples in the same village were negative.Conclusions:The key occupational groups contacted with infected sheep without protection is the main cause of this epidemic. Health education on brucellosis prevention and control should be vigorously carried out to improve the awareness of the people to prevent the disease; the monitoring of animal brucellosis by relevant departments should be strengthened to effectively control the spread of animal brucellosis, and prevent the occurrence of human brucellosis.

Objective:Combined with the actual work requirements of brucellosis in Qinghai Province, to design a management information system for brucellosis patients, in order to realize the information of diagnosis and treatment of brucellosis patients.Methods:Based on the theory of management information system, according to the functional requirements of the actual work and performance parameters, the general framework of management information system was designed, the establishment of the management information system was gradually completed, and the system was improved through the system testing.Results:The system was easy to use and easy to operate, and patient's detailed information, diagnosis and treatment results and treatment plan could be obtained quickly. At the same time, follow-up, trace investigation, and brucellosis prevention and treatment propaganda could be carried out.Conclusions:The established brucellosis management information system can realize the electronic management of patient information, master the disease development and diagnosis and treatment results of brucellosis patients. Through follow-up investigation, the system can increase active screening and early warning of suspected cases, and provide health education to realize early diagnosis and early treatment of the patients.

Objective To understand the changes of serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) among adults with Kaschin-Beck disease (KBD) in Qinghai,and to provide scientific data for KBD prevention and control.Methods A case-control study was used,according to "Diagnosis of Kaschin-Beck disease",104 cases of KBD patients [aged (47.61 ± 12.72) years old;50 males,54 females] and 95 cases of internal healthy controls [aged (48.28 ±14.87) years old;35 males,60 females],which were from KBD areas in Xinghai and Guide counties of Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,Qinghai Province,and 73 cases of external healthy controls [aged (51.88 ± 13.93)years old;35 males,38 females] from non-KBD region of Xunhua County were included in July 2017.Serum TNF-α was determined via the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.Results Totally 272 persons were studied and divided into three groups,there was no statistical significant difference of ages among the three groups (F =2.236,P ＞ 0.05),meanwhile,there was no statistical significant difference of genders among the three groups (x2 =3.135,P ＞ 0.05).The serum TNF-α levels of KBD patients,internal and external healthy controls were (25.14 ± 10.29),(21.84 ± 9.37),and (24.98 ± 8.98) ng/L,respectively,which were statistically significantly different among the three groups (F =3.486,P ＜ 0.05).The serum TNF-α levels in the KBD group and the external healthy control were higher than that in internal healthy control (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference between the KBD group and the external healthy control (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion There may exist inflammatory changes among KBD patients in KBD areas of Qinghai Province.

Objective:To detect cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) and C-terminal telopeptide of collagen type Ⅱ (CTX-Ⅱ) among brucellosis patients at early period, and provide a better understanding of the osteoarticular changes in this disease at early stage.Methods:Using case-control research method, the early brucellosis patients who visited the Department for Brucellosis Disease Prevention and Control, Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control from 2013 to 2016 were selected as the case group; through the principle of random matching, the healthy physical examination population was set as the control group. Serum COMP and CTX-Ⅱ were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results:A total of 128 patients were investigated, including 61 patients (41 males and 20 females) with early brucellosis, aged (39.41 ± 10.51) years old, and 67 controls (44 males and 23 females), aged (40.31 ± 12.52) years old. The median of serum COMP in the case group was 1.70 μg/L, which was significantly higher than that in the control group (0.79 μg/L). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( Z = 3.614, P < 0.05); the median of serum CTX-Ⅱ in the case group was 116.44 pg/ml, and the median of serum CTX-Ⅱ in the control group was 128.48 pg/ml, and the difference was not statistically significant ( Z = 0.044, P > 0.05). Conclusion:The serum COMP levels of brucellosis patients at early period are increased, indicating osteoarticular changes of human brucellosis at early stage.

Objective:The epidemic regularity and trend of human brucellosis in Qinghai Province were analyzed to provide basis for formulating more perfect prevention and control measures.Methods:Using descriptive epidemiological methods, the data of brucellosis reported cases in Qinghai Province from 2005 to 2018 (from the Infectious Disease Report Information Management System of the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System) were collected, and the three distributions (time, region and population distributions) of human brucellosis were statistically described and analyzed.Results:From 2005 to 2018, a total of 418 cases were reported in Qinghai Province, with a incidence of 0.05/100 000, the incidence of different years was statistically different (χ 2 = 11.63, P < 0.05). The incidence of brucellosis remained at a low level from 2005 to 2010, ranged from 0 to 0.05/100 000; and the incidence increased from 2011 to 2018, ranged from 0.27/100 000 to 2.06/100 000. There were reported cases of brucellosis throughout the year, and the onset time was mainly from April to June, accounting for 42.82% (179/418). The 418 cases were distributed in 20 counties (cities, districts), among which the top 5 incidence rates were Menyuan County (15.31%, 64/418), Henan County (13.40%, 56/418), Tianjun County (13.16%, 55/418), Xining City (12.44%, 52/418), and Haiyan County (7.66%, 32/418). In the population distribution, brucellosis cases in the age group from 40 to 49 years old were the most, accounting for 32.78% (137/418), the male to female ratio was 1.58 ∶ 1.00 (256∶162) . And the occupational distribution was dominated by herdsmen, accounting for 57.18% (239/418). Conclusions:The epidemic situation of brucellosis in Qinghai Province is on the rise. It should be strengthened the population monitoring and notification of outbreaks, and health education for all should be implemented.

Objective Molecular biological methods were used to classify and analyze the isolated Brucella strains,and to understand the geographical distribution characteristics,genetic types and regional distribution characteristics of Brucella in Qinghai Province.Methods Molecular biology typing of species of isolated Brucella strains in Qinghai was studied using Multiple Locus Variable-number tandem repeat Analysis (MLVA) technology.The classification results were described by geographical information system (GIS).Results There were 3 species Brucella melitensis,Brucella abortus,and Brucella suis among the 65 strains of Brucella in Qinghai.Brucella melitensis was the dominant species.The genotypes of MLVA were 42,43,47,28,36,112 and 6.The geographical distribution features showed that the 42 belonged to the evolutionary branches of A and B,which was widely distributed.The 43 of the C evolutionary branch and 47 of the E evolution branch were mainly in the hinterland of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.When searching in the Brucella2012 MLVA database,none of the genotypes obtained in this study were identical to those in the database.Conclusions The MLVA genotypes of Brucella are varied in Qinghai Tibet Plateau.They are widely distributed,completely different from those in other areas,and different genetic variations are found in different places.

The construction of health file of patients with brucellosis in Qinghai Province was based on the Qinghai Provincial Public Health Network Information Platform. It was jointly participated and implemented by animal husbandry and veterinary departments, animal disease control centers, disease control centers and hospitals at all levels, to achieve standardized management of early detection, early diagnosis, early treatment, as well as follow-up, review, and efficacy evaluation. After analyzing the health file of brucellosis patients, we proposed to strengthen the propaganda of brucellosis, collect information from multiple diseases, share resources with multiple departments, integrate human resources and exert management responsibilities, and explore opinions and countermeasures suitable for local working conditions. The establishment of a health file for patients with brucellosis could fully grasp the diagnosis and treatment of brucellosis patients, facilitate the management of follow-up and review, and it was helpful to understand the distribution and prevalence of brucellosis in Qinghai Province, and to warn the epidemic trend.