OBJECTIVE: To prepare and evaluate the quality of clarithromycin microcapsules.METHODS: Clarithromycin microcapsules were prepared by emulsion-solvent volatilixation method using ethylcellulose as capsule wall material.The particle size,entrapment efficiency,the loading amount and the drug release property in vitro were investigated.RESULTS: The prepared microcapsules were well-distributed in particle size with average particle size at 33.0～38.0 ?m,encapsulation efficiency at above 87%,loading amount above 45%,and accumulative drug release rate of 75% at 6 h.CONCLUSION: The method is simple and feasible and the quality of prepared microcapsules is up to the standard.

OBJECTIVE:To prepare epirubicin hydrochloride solid lipid nanoparticle(EPI-SLN) and investigate its physicochemical property. METHODS: EPI-SLN was prepared by ultrasonic dispersion technique with glyceryl behenate as matrix,and the appearance,particle size,? electric potential,and entrapment efficiency of the SLN were evaluated and its stability at 3 month storing at 4 ℃ was investigated. RESULTS: EPI-SLN assumed spherical shape with a particle diameter of (212.8?6.2) nm,? electric potential of (-24.7?0.3) mV and entrapment efficiency of 82 %. The EPI-SLN at 4 ℃ was stable after storing for 3 months,showing no marked change in mean diameter,? electric potential or entrapment efficiency. CONCLUSION: The prepared EPI-SLN is up to the standard.

Objective To explore how to improve the sensitivity and specificity of CT cisternography (CTC) examination.Methods The clinical data of 20 cases of CTC in detecting cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea were analyzed,and the influence of continuous dripping of fluid and the filling time of subarachnoid space upon the image quality were observed.Results Nineteen cases of active cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea were found with CTC,and the fistula sites were determined by CTC.Eighteen cases received operation which confirmed the fistula sites.One case was found with no active fistula site.According to the image of ethmoid sinus leaks results,7 cases had better image quality in 9 cases whose subarachnoid space filling time was longer than or equal to 10 min.One case had better image quality in 6 cases whose subarachnoid space filling time was shorter than 10 min.There was significant difference (P =0.0406).Conclusion To raise the positive rate of CTC,the position of active fistula should be maintained and keep the time between the injection and scan longer than or equal to 10 min,which help to get better image quality.

Objective To explore the efficiency of the ABC-HOME in the rapid identification and assessment of potential donors.Methods We developed a submit system and a rapid assessment method of ABC-HOME for potential donors at 2013.They were on trial in service area hospitals of Guangzou General Hospital Organ Procurement Organization (GHOPO) from February,2015.We reviewed medical records of potential donors occurring in the intensive unit at 2014,from February to December 2015 and 2016,respectively.We examined data on the number of potential donors,actual donors and beds of ICU,and calculated the number of potential donors and actual donors per bed per year.The reasons for donation failure were analyzed.Results 19,38 and 50 organ donations were realized in 243,474 and 513 potential donors in 2014,from February 2015 to December 2015 and 2016,respectively.The growth rate of organ donation and the number of actual donors per bed per year was 95.0%,8.2% and 0.45,0.89 and 0.96,respectively.The conversion rate in these potential donors was 8.92% from February 2015 to December 2016.The reasons for donation failure included the family and social factors,doctor-patient relationship and communication factor and illness condition of donors' factors.Conclusion ABC-HOME is a convenient assessment method for potential donors,which can help to promote the identification of potential donors and to increase the number of potential donor information.

OBJECTIVE: To screen and analyze items of the second-generation sub-health questionnaire through various item analysis methods, so as to provide basic data for the further study of sub-health measuring scale. METHODS: The investigation and analysis was completed in Southem Medical University between November 2006 and May 2008. A total of 6 000 college students were selected as the investigation targets with cluster sampling method from a medical university in Guangzhou. 6 000 questionnaires were assigned to them in which the answerer was asked about their somatic symptoms, psychological symptoms and social symptoms, with 5 599 valid ones obtained. Eighty three items were analyzed through five methods based on dispersion, correlation coefficient, factor analysis, t-test and Cronbach's g. RESULTS: At last, 63 items were selected to constitute the item pool of the sub-health scale, which were nominated over 4 times according to the nomination summary of the 5 methods.CONCLUSION: All the 63 items kept in the second-generation sub-health questionnaire feature satisfactory sensibility, representation, independence, significance and intemal consistency, which can accordingly lay a good foundation for the further study of the sub-health measuring scale.

Objective To analyze diagnostic value of renal biopsy in living-related kidney transplantation and the influence of kidneys from marginal donors on the early prognosis of recipients. Methods According to donors age and risks of donors, 142 living-related kidney transplant recipients from February 2004 to July 2008 were divided into marginal donor group (51 cases) and non-marginal donor group (91 cases). Renal biopsy was performed on 49 kidneys Postsurgical serum creatinine (Scr), the lowest Scr and post-transplant complications were analyzed between the two groups. Results Pathological changes were detected in 13 cases. The Scr at 4 weeks, 12 weeks, 6 months post-transplant and the lowest level of Scr in marginal donor group were higher than those in non-marginal donor group (all P<0.05). There were no significant differences of Scr levels at 12 months, 24 months, 36 months post-transplant, the time required to return to the lowest Scr, and post-transplant complications between two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions The early clinical efficacy of the marginal donor is ideal, but the baseline of Scr of recipients is higher than that of recipients with kidneys from non-marginal donors. Renal biopsy has an important diagnostic and therapeutic value for both donors and recipients.

Objective To analyze the influence of donating kidney of marginal donors on the early prognosis of living-related kidney transplant recipients.Methods Sixty-six cases of living-re-lated kidney transplant patients between February 2004 and September 2007 were divided into the marginal donors group(28 cases)and non-marginal donors group(38 cases).Serum creatinine before and after surgery,creatinine clearance after surgery and perioperation complications were compared respectivelv between the 2 groups.Results The serum creatinine levels in the marginal donors group and non-marginal donors group were 154,131,127μmol/L and 132,117,118 ttmol/L on 7th day,1st month and 3rd month after transplantation respectively,and there were no significant differences between the 2 groups(P＞0.05).The serum creatinine level in parent-child donating kidney of the 2 groups Was 160,131,126μmol/L and 132,129,126μtmol/L on 7th day,1st month and 3rd month after transplantation respectively,and there were no significant differences too(P＞0.05).There was no difference in the rate of perioperation complications and creatinine clearance after kidney transplantation between the 2 groups.Conclusions The early prognosis of marginal donors'recipients is ideal.The marginal donors could be selected as the living-related kidney transplant donors,especially between parent and child,as long as they are evaluated according to stricter criteria.But the long-term prognosis of the recipients should be further observed.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of biological meshes (human aceUular dermal matrix mesh) in single-stage repair of infected or contaminated abdominal abdominal wall defects and abdominal hernias. MethodsSeventeen patients with abdominal wall defects or abdominal hernias were enrolled. The wounds of all these patients were infected or contaminated due to the existence of enterocutaneous fistula or stoma, wound infection and synchronous colonic resection. The diagnosis included enterocutaeneous fistula 8 cases, incisional hernia 6 cases, incarcerated inguinal hernia 1 case and cylindrical abdominoperineal resection for rectal cancer for 2 cases. The sizes of abdominal defects ranged from 3 cm × 2 cm to 6 cm × 17 cm, and all the cases were repaired with human acellular dermal matrix mesh(RENOV(R)). Most of the patients were repaired with intraperitoneal onlay mesh technique( IPOM, for 12 cases), and other methods included Lichtenstein operation for 1 case, inlay repair for 2 cases and sublay for 2 cases. Results All the 17 patients recovered uneventfully. For 12 patients, the wounds were sutured at operation and only one case of delayed healing occurred due to fat liquefaction. For the other 5 patients, the wounds were left open and healed after vacuum assisted closure (VAC) therapy or wet- to- dry dressing changes. On follow up for 8.3 ±4.5 months ( 1 to 15 months), no occurrence of incisional hernia or recurrence was found. laxity of abdominal wall occurred in one case. A patient complained intermittent pain of the site of suture for mesh fixing two months after operation and the pain resolved spontaneously one month later. ConclusionsThe biological mesh, acellular dermal matrix mesh, could be used in single- stage repair of infected or contaminated abdominal wall defects safely and effectively, although the long-term outcome still needs further evaluation.

Aim Toestablishanexcellentratasthmamodel from using OVA+pertussis sensitized, OVA sensitized and per-tussissensitizedrats.Methods Thethreemethodswereusedto sensitize rats;methacholine bronchial provocation tests were per-formed to determine airway hyperresponsiveness;bronchoalveolar lavage fluid ( BALF) was prepared after the animals were chal-lenged by nebulized antigen. The differential white cell count in BALF was performed, and lung tissue was detected by morpho-logicalanalysis.Results AllofOVA+pertussissensitization,OVA sensitization and pertussis sensitization could deteriorate lung function, increase inflammatory cells and cause pathological change, and OVA + pertussis sensitized rat model had better effect than OVA sensitized and pertussis sensitized rat models. Conclusion OVA+pertussissensitizationandOVAaerosolisa successful rat asthma model.

Objective To explore the effect and complications of ventricle peritoneal shunt n pediatric hydrocephalus. Methods The clinical data was analysed in 30 cases of pediatric hydrocephalus. Results A total of 27 cases (90%) of pediatric hydrocephalus were found reduction of ventricle. 3 cases were found no obvious reduction of ventricle. Post-operative complications in 3 cases (10%), subcutaneous liquid collection in 2 cases (6.67%), diverter pump in 1 case (3.33%). No patients were found infection. Conclusion Strict sterilizing procedures andhigh quality and attention-to-detail is the key to reduce postoperative complications and improve surgical outcomes.