The authors first expound by classification the evaluation of the quality of medical service: ①curative effects and side effects; ②quality of existence; ③quality adjusted years of existence; ④cost effectiveness; ⑤appropriateness of treatment measures; ⑥satisfaction of patients. Then they discuss from the perspective of emphasizing trade style ways to guarantee the quality of medical service. These include earnestly implementing various style rectifying measures; ensuring the genuineness and reliability of hospital information; putting into effect the idea of patient oriented service; conducting synchronous evaluation of service quality and trade style; and establishing a sound mechanism for the improvement of trade style and quality evaluation.

Objective To investigate the effect of glucocorticosteroids on pulmonary oxygenation function in severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS)patients.Methods Two hundred and twenty-five SARS patients in 2003 were analyzed retrospectively.Oxygenation index(OI)was considered as the marker of glucocorticosteroids therapeutic effects.The criteria of effectiveness was that OI increased 20%or more than pre-treatment.The therapeutic effects of glueocorticosteroids were analyzed by analysis of variance and chi-square test.Results Glucocorticosteroids were used in 59.6%(134/225)of SARS cases.The average OI before and after glucocorticosteroids intravenous treatment was 237.08 mm Hg and 335.08 mm Hg,respectively.The average OI increased 110.26 mm Hg(46.4%)after treatment.In 96 SARS patients whose blood gas analysis results were available,85 cases(88.5%)had administrative indication.The average OI increased 103.14 mm Hg(44.4%),which was lower than 190.91 mm Hg(66.8 0A)in patients without administrative indication.There was no significant difference between these two groups of patients.The OI difference before and after glueocorticosteroids treatment was decreased with the increasing OI before treatment,the increase was minimum in patients with OI≥300 mm Hg.Conclusions The SARS patients could obtain pulmonary symptoms and function improvements with appropriate glucoconicosteroids treatment,especially for those who are in accord with acute lung injure or acute respiratory distress syndrome,and OI less than 300 mm Hg before treatment.

Objective To evaluate the effect of sevoflurane on cognitive function of mice with Alzheimer's disease.Methods Twenty male mice carrying mnutations in amyloid precusor protein (APP) and presenilin 1 genes,weighing 30-40 g,aged 7 months,were divided into either sevoflurane group (group Sev) or control group (group C),with 20 mice in each group.Mice inhaled 3％ sevoflurane for 4 h in group Sev,and mice inhaled 30％ oxygen for 4 h in group C.At 1 month after inhaling sevoflurane or oxygen,the mice underwent continuous multiple-trail inhibitory avoidance training.The mice were then sacrificed and hippocampi were isolated for determination of the number of Aβ plaques (by immunohistochemistry) and expression of APP and Tau (S396) phosphorylation (by Western blot).Results Compared with group C,the memory lateucy was significantly shortened,the number of Aβ plaques was increased,the phosphorylation of Tau (S396) was increased,and the expression of APP was up-regulated in group Sev (P＜0.05).Conclusion Sevoflurane can decrease the cognitive function of mice with Alzheimer's disease.

Objective To investigate the possible mechanism of metoprolol on protecting against ischemia‐reperfusion in‐duced injury .Methods A total of 32 healthy 3-4 months male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups(n=8)as following :Sham‐operating group(control group);metoprolol group;ischemia‐reperfusion group(I/R group);metoprolol + I/R group .Myo‐cardial injury ,apoptosis ,cytochrome c release ,Caspase‐3 activity and calpain activity were determined in these groups .Results Al‐though there was no obvious changes in the regions at risk between I/R group and metoprolol + I/R group ,metoprolol pretreat‐ment significantly reduced the ratio of the infarct to risk regions(P<0 .05) .In the I/R group ,the rate of cardiomyocyte apoptosis , cytochrome c release ,as well as the activity of Caspase‐3 and calpain significantly increased compared to the control group(P<0 .01) .However ,these effects of I/R injury were alleviated by pretreatment with metoprolol .Conclusion metoprolol might protect against ischemia‐reperfusion induced injury by preventing calpain activation .

The effective therapeutics for the sinoatrial node (SAN) pacemaker dysfunction induced by SCN5A gene mutation this is still being explored recently. In this study, a two-dimensional experimental model of rabbit SAN-atrial cell system which proposed by Zhang et al., was used as a prototype, the gene mutation was considered, and effects of both the acid concentration and temperature were also introduced. The effects of acid concentration and temperature on sick sinus syndrome (SSS) at the tissue level were investigated by simulation. The results showed that the SAN abnormal pacemaker could be caused by the reduction of I(Na), which is induced by the two mutations of T220I and delF1617. The results also showed that if we properly adjusted the acid concentration and temperature of the system, not only could we increase the relevant currents, but also could we increase I(Na) which reduced by gene mutations, so that the pacemaking behavior of SAN tissue could return to normal state from abnormalities. The above simulation results imply that the abnormal pacemaking of SAN system may closely relate to the gene mutation of ion channel mutations, and the acid concentration and temperature may play a modulatory role. Our study could be useful for clinical medical diagnosis and therapy of cardiac disease.
Acids ; Animals ; Computer Simulation ; Mutation ; NAV1.5 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel ; genetics ; Rabbits ; Sick Sinus Syndrome ; etiology ; genetics ; Sinoatrial Node ; pathology ; Temperature

Water-soluble carboxymethyl chitosan was prepared from dried shrimp shells. The intrinsic viscosities of its samples were measured to evaluate the stability of carboxymethyl chitosan. The influential factors of stability, such as heat, pH, ionic strength, ultraviolet radiation, and sterilization were studied. The results demonstrate that the intrinsic viscosities of water-soluble chitosan will be influenced, to a certain extent, by the change of pH and ionic strength. Ultraviolet radiation and sterilized processes not only exept influence on the degradation of chitosan, but also have prominent effects on the molecular structure of it. Besides, temperature will also affect the speed of degradation, and chitosan can be stored at a temperature as low as 2 degrees C-8 degrees C.
Chitosan ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Drug Stability ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Solubility ; Temperature

In order to overcome the challenges of insufficient restriction enzyme sites, and construct a fusion-expression vector with flexible fusion direction, we designed an LB cloning system based on the type IIS and type IIT restriction enzymes LguⅠ and BbvCⅠ. The LB cloning system is constructed by inserting the LB fragment (GCTCTTCCTCAGC) into the multiple cloning site region of the broad-host plasmid pBBR1MCS-3 using PCR. The LB fragment contains partially overlapped recognition sites of LguⅠ and BbvCⅠ. Therefore, the same non-palindromic sequence will be generated by these two restriction endonucleases digestion. This feature can be used to quickly and flexibly insert multiple genes into the expression vector in a stepwise and directed way. In order to verify the efficacy of the cloning system, two glycosyltransferase genes welB and welK of Sphingomonas sp. WG were consecutively fused to the LB cloning vector, and the recombinant plasmid was transferred into Sphingomonas sp. WG by triparental mating. The results showed that gene fusion expression has little effect on sphingan titer, but enhanced the viscosity of sphingan. The viscosity of the sphingan produced by recombinant strain Sphingomonas sp. WG/pBBR1MCS-3-LB-welKB was 24.7% higher than that of the wild strain after fermentation for 84 h, which would be beneficial for its application. In conclusion, the application of LB cloning system were verified using Sphingomonas sp. WG. The LB cloning system may provide an efficient tool for fusion expression of target genes.
Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; Fermentation ; Plasmids/genetics* ; Sphingomonas/metabolism*