H295R cells can express all the key enzymes involved in the synthesis of steroid hormones,and have the ability to produce the steroid hormones found in the adult human adrenal cortex. Good correlation of response to toxicity has been reported between H295R cell line and normal adult human adrenal cells. H295R cell line can be used to evaluate effects of chemicals on gene expression,enzymatic activities and hormone production,and to explore the mode of action of chemicals on steroidgenesis. H295R cell line has been suggested as a potentially useful tool for screening environmental steroid hormone disruptors in vitro. The application of H295R cell line for screening environmental steroid hormone disruptors in vitro and its current issues are reviewed in this article.

Objective To explore the clinical significance and operational methods during extended radical excision for pancreatic cancer combined with portal vein ( PV )/superior mesentery vein ( SMV ) resection,and to investigate the management of iatrogenic arterial injury. Methods Clinical date of 242 patients with pancreatic cancer undergoing extended radical excision were retrospectively analyzed. All cases were divided into three groups, patients with PV/SMV resection were in group A (n = 51 ), patients with iatrogenic arterial injury during operation were in group B(n =5) ,patients without resection of vessels werein group C (n = 186 ). Operating time、volume of intraoperative blood transfusion, time of vascular interruption、the mean hospitalization,postoperative complications and postoperative survival analysis among three groups were compared with each other. Results Operating time in group A、B and C were (442. 85 ± 102. 32 ) min, ( 348. 62 ± 92. 31 ) min and ( 315.00 ± 83.43 ) min respectively, volume of intraoperative blood transfusion were ( 1430. 83 ± 1092. 43 ) ml、( 1420. 22 ± 794. 41 ) ml and ( 928. 19 ±571.57) ml respectively,operating time and volume of intraoperative blood transfusion were of significantly difference(P <0. 05) among the 3 groups,there was no significant difference in the mean hospitalization and postoperative complications. The postoperative median survival period was 18.4 months for patients of pancreatic adenocarcinoma with PV/SMV resection, the postoperative median survival period was 16. 1 months without PV/SMV resection, there was no significant difference between these by postoperative survival analysis. In the 51 cases with vessel resection,7 cases underwent partial resection of the vascular wall,44 cases underwent segmental resection, reconstruction of the portal vein was performed by end-to-end anastomosis in 38 patients, stent graft in 6 cases, the mean length of the PV/SMV resection was (2. 92 ±1.35 ) cm; latrngenic arterial injury occurred during operation in 5 patients ( 1 in hepatic artery, 1 in superior mesenteric artery, 3 in celiac think), the artery was reconstructed by end-to-end anastomosis in 4 cases,repair in 1 case. Conclusions Active and reasonable operation for pancreatic cancer with PV/SMV resection is important for improving the rate of surgical resection and the quality of life. Because of complex topography,iatrogenic vascular injury may happened frequently.