Objective To investigate the charge nurses' leadership style perceived by nurses and nurse's self-efficacy,and then analyze the relationship between them.Methods Totally 368 staff nurses from 3A hospitals in Sichuan were investigated with questionnaires.The results underwent analysis.Results The score of charge nurses' transformational leadership style was 58.06±12.10,from high to low in turn was intellectual stimulation (3.10±0.69),inspirational motivation (2.92±0.73),idealized influence (2.88±0.67) and individualized consideration (2.71±0.74).The score of charge nurses' transactional leadership style was 35.77±8.58,from high to low in turn was contingency reward (3.11±0.71),passive exemplary management (3.09±0.75) and active exemplary management (2.75±0.90).The score of nurses' self-efficacy was 83.51±11.62.The transformational leadership style had positively predictive impact on nurses' selfefficacy.Conclusions Nursing managers should apply transformational leadership to improve nurses selfefficacy,promote the physical and mental health of nurses and the long-term development of hospital.

Objective To study the etiology and clinics as well as CT diagnostic value of periventricular leukomalacia(PVL)in children.Methods Clinical and CT findings in 130 cases of PVL were retrospectively analyzed.Results 85 cases were premature newborn babies(65.4%) and 45 cases were fullmature newborn(34.6%) with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.CT showed the lateralventricle enlarge in different degrees and the white matter of periventricle decreased.Conclusion CT scan is of important value indiagnosis of PVL.

Objective To probe into the relations between cerebrovascular hemodynamics indexes(CVHI),risk factors of stroke and risk of ischemic stroke.Methods A nested case-control design was used in the study.Participants were selected from a cohort in the northeast of China.151 ischemic stroke patients occurred during the follow-up term were defined as case group,and the same numbers of individuals,free of stroke,were selected randomly in the cohort and defined as control group.Odds ratio(OR) of CVHI score as well as other risk factors of stroke were estimated.Results Univariate analysis indicated that there were significant etiological relations between stroke and CVHI score,hypertension,heart disease and family history of stroke(P

Objective To understand status quo of the domestic and foreign iceberg competency model application,and to provide basis for further study in the nursing iceberg competency model.Methods A literature review about the application of competency iceberg model at home and abroad since 2009 was carried out,the relevant data was listed,and the research situation of domestic and foreign nursing iceberg competency model was summarized.Results According to the 141 total literatures whose theme was the iceberg competency model,only 3 articles were related to the nursing field,while most of the iceberg competency model aimed at the study of enterprises in the high-level management personnel,sales personnel and so on.More researches on competency iceberg model were conducted abroad,involved in all walks of life,an research direction of nursing had turned from general iceberg competency model to the study of specific posts.Conclusions The iceberg competency model applied to the management of nursing human resources in China is developed lately and the studies lack breadth,depth and scientificalness.Compared with foreign countries,there is a big gap.A thorough iceberg competency model for human resource management is ought to be studied to provide a new perspective and a more useful tool for the early Chinese nursing theory and practice.

Objective To evaluate the effects of laparoscopic filling with pedicled greater retina for hepatic cysts. Methods Clinical data were reviewed on 36 patients with hepatic cysts undergoing laparoscopic filling with pedicled greater retina from January 2010 to May 2014.The diameters of cysts ranged from 10 to 26 cm, with a diameter smaller than 20 cm in 29 patients and bigger than 20 cm in 7 patients.Laparoscopic fenestration of hepatic cysts was performed to destroy cyst cells with iodine and absolute alcohol. Pedicled greater retina was used for filling the cavity of cysts. Results The procedures were completed smoothly.The operative time was 45-115 min, with an average of (80.4 ±13.1) min.No abdominal cavity infection happened.Primary healing of abdominal incision was achieved in all the patients.The postoperative hospital stay was 5-10 d, with an average of (6.4 ±1.2) d.All the 36 patients were followed up for 6-12 months with a mean of (9.3 ±1.5) months.None of the patients showed recurrence under liver B-ultrasonography or CT scanning. Conclusion Laparoscopic filling with pedicled greater retina for hepatic cysts has advantages of minimal invasion, quick postoperative recovery, short hospital stay, and good results.

Objective　To investigate the correlation of pathology to immunology in animals with tuberculosis by molecular pathology. Methods　BALB/c mice were randomly divided into two groups: tuberculosis model (A) and control mice (N). Immunohistochemistry technology was used to investigate the correlation between the expression of IFN-γ, IL-4 and iNOS and the type as well as magnitude of tissue injury. Results　Two phases were observed during the 2nd week characterized by inflammatory infiltration in the alveolar-capillary interstitium and the tissues surrounding blood vessels. A predominance of TH1 cells was shown by a higher percentage of IFN-γ positive cells and a lower percentage of IL-4 positive cells in the inflammatory infiltrate identified by immunohistology. From the 4th week after infection to the end of experiment, we observed a chronic advanced phase characterized by pneumonia and local necrosis with a TH0 balance due to an equivalent proportion of IFN-γ and IL-4 positive cells in the lung lesions. The iNOS expression was increased in acute phase and decreased in chronic phase. Conclusion　There is a closely correlation on the kinetics of TH1/TH2 cells and iNOS expression with the type and magnitude of tissue injury during the infection of tuberculosis.

BACKGROUND: Trigeminal ganglion percutaneous puncture is one of the methods for the therapy of primary trigeminal neuralgia. The difficulties in percutaneous puncture technique and operation can lead accidental injury and some serious complications. The application of DZY-C trigeminal nerve stereoguide in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia has the features of high accuracy in puncture and low complications, which can reduce the chances of accidental injury to surrounding vessels and nerves.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the therapeutic effects of DZY-C trigeminal nerve stereoguide in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia.DESIGN: A before-and-after experimental study based on patients.SETTING: Department of cerebral surgery of a municipal hospital of tradi tional Chinese medicine and a municipal hospital.PARTICIPANTS: Ninety patients including 39 male and 51 female patients with primary trigeminal neuralgia aged between 21 and 90 years old were selected from outpatient or inpatient department of Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine between 2001 and 2003.INTERVENTIONS: Glycerine was injected into trigerminal ganglion of each patient through percutaneous puncture under the guidance of DZY-C trigeminal nerve stereoguide. Therapeutic effects were evaluated by visual analogue scale(VAS) before and 30 minutes after the treatment.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Results of therapeutic effects.RESULTS: Ninety patients with primary trigeminal neuralgia received trigeminal ganglion puncture with the application of DZY-C trigeminal nerve stereoguide. All punctures succeeded with one shot. After the injection of glycerine, the original trigeminal neuralgia disappeared in all 90 cases with the good and excellent rate of 100%.CONCLUSION: Trigeminal nerve stereoguide(DZY-C model) has the features of reasonable structural design, easy surgical operation, agile adjustment, less tissue injury, and safe manipulation, which can significantly eliminate trigeminal neuralgia.

This article described how simulation is used at Loma Linda University Medical Simulation Center.Detail description and examples were provided to help medical educators undemmnd the method of using the virtual simulator for teaching fast and efficient decision making skills at a high level of interactive medical education.

Objective Some researches showed that vascular risk factors might be related to Alzheimer's disease (AD), but there are still disputes among neurologists. Therefore, it was our hope to explore the possible relationship between AD and vascular factors. Methods A case-control study including 155 cognitive normal controls and 91 possible AD patients in Chinese PLA General Hospital was conducted. The patients and controls were matched for gender, occupation and education level. The relationship between AD and vascular factors was analyzed by Logistic model. The level of statistical significance of differences in single factor and multivariate analysis was P

Many previous studies have shown that auditory cortical neurons are sensitive to sound spatial information, however, the mechanism of sound spatial coding is still not fully understood. Until now, detail studies on sound spatial coding have not been reported in the rat primary auditory cortex. Using electrophysiological technique, spatial response areas of 151 neurons in the rat primary auditory cortex were investigated. The relationships between spike counts and average first-spike latencies in the spatial response areas were analyzed. The results showed that, the majority (52.32%) of cortical neurons exhibited contralateral preference in the frontal auditory space whereas other neurons exhibited ipsilateral preference (18.54%) and midline preference (18.54%), and only a few neurons were included in the category of omnidirection (3.31%) and complex (7.28%). For the majority of cortical neurons, the arithmetic center of the preferred spatial area were distributed in the up and middle portion of the contralateral space relative to the recording side. Most neurons responded strongly to stimuli from their preferred space with shorter average first-spike latencies, and responded weakly to stimuli from non-preferred space with longer average latencies. In the spatial response area, the spike counts were negatively correlated with average first-spike latencies. The auditory cortex might use the information of both spike counts and average response time to code sound spatial information.