Objective We aimed to provide references for nurses allocation by selecting the nursing items and measuring nursing time. Methods We recorded the nursing workload of 130 nurses in 10 wards within one week by literature review, Delphi method and questionnaire investigation. Results Totally 125 items of nursing items were included,101 of which were direct nursing items and 24 of which were indirect ones.The average time per day per patient was 185.1 minutes for level one nursing,95.4 minutes for level two nursing, 58.5 minutes for level three nursing.Average nursing time per day,working time per day per nurse and nursing time per day for per patient in each unit had statistical difference,P<0.05.The time for direct nursing items was 64.13% and for indirect nursing items was 35.87%. Conclusions Allocation of nurses according to measurement of nursing time could reach the aim of reasonable allocation and effective utilization of nursing human resource.

The microsporidia are obligate intracellular eukaryotic parasites.They have been paid more attention as being the emerging pathogen of human, so it is important to control microsporidiosis using fast and precise detecting technology.In order to provide a reference for controlling microsporidian infection effectively, this paper reviews the progress of studying on the detecting technology from the microscopic staining methods, immunological and molecular biology.

Objective To evaluate the development of the sphenooccipital synchondrosis on high resolution CT scans.Methods 269 cases,HRCT findings of the sphenoocipital synchondrosis ranged in age from 3 months to 74 years old were analysed.Four points were assessed on HRCT scans (a) The pattern of the synchondrosis, (b) The location and time of appearance of the ossification center in the synchondrosis, (c) The vestige of the synchondrosis after fusion of the sphenoid and occipital bones and (d) The development of sphenoid sinus.Results The pattern of the sphenooccipital synchondrosis could be classified into three types, including complete opening, partial and complete closure. The spheno-occipital synchondrosis was variable in shapes in opening group,a notch existed in 57 cases, the mean of the thickness of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis was 1.8 mm, there was negative correlation between the thickness of the synchondrosis and the age (r= -0.92,P

OBJECTIVE:To study distribution and targeting of Gardenia jasminoides extract niosomes in rats. METHODS:G. jasminoides extract niosomes were prepared by modified thin film dispersion method. 30 rats were randomly divided into G. jasmin-oides extract group(57 mg/kg)and G. jasminoides extract liposome group(131 mg/kg)according to their weight. They were given relevant medicine intragastrically,once a day,for consecutive 7 days. 1 h after last administration,heart,liver,spleen,lung and kidney tissue were isolated,and HPLC method was adopted to the contents of active ingredients gardenoside in them. The targeting of G. jasminoides extract niosomes was evaluated by DTI quantitatively. RESULTS:Compared with G. jasminoides extract group, the contents of gardenoside in heart,spleen and brain tissue of rats increased significantly in G. jasminoides extract niosomes group (P<0.01),and DTI were 1.718,1.972 and 13.071;the contents of gardenoside in liver and kidney decreased significantly (P<0.01),and DTI were 0.431 and 0.467,respectively. CONCLUSIONS:G. jasminoides extract niosomes change the distribution of gardenoside in rats,showing brain targeting effect and decreasing first pass effect for liver.

The protective effect of TGPs on acute liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride ( CCl4 ) was investigated in mice . TGPs ( 40 or 80mg/kg?d ? 3d, ip ) reduced the elevation of plasma or serume gl- utamic pyruvic transaminase ( GPT ) and plasma lactate dehydroge-nase ( LDH ) in CCl4-intoxicated mice, but if had no significant influence on the elevation of plasma glutamic oxalacetic transaminase ( GOT).TGPs (40mg/kg?d ? 3d, ip ) showed a protective effect on the histopathologic changes of liver injury induced by CCl4. The results suggest that TGPs may a protect against hepatic damage.

OBJECTIVE: To explore synergic effect of treatment of the second branchial fistula with endoscopic resection. METHOD: All patients of the second branchial fistula were scanned in neck with CT (computed tomography), we injected ioversol-320 from the entrance of the second branchial fistula in front of sternocleidomastiod into the second branchial fistula, then scanned the neck with CT (computed tomography), and rebuilding the picture of the second branchial fistula, to prepare for the operation. 9 patients of the second branchial fistula were operated under general anesthesia with endoscopic resection. RESULT: All of 9 patients were cured. no one recurred after follow-up of 6 months. CONCLUSION It is minimally invasive and complete to resect the second branchial with endoscopic resection, the operation is simply and easy to promote.
Adolescent ; Aged ; Anesthesia, General ; Branchioma ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Neck ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective To review recent studies on Muir Torre syndrome (MTS) and to improve the knowledge about MTS.Methods The literatures in recent years on clinic and gene research of MTS were reviewed.Results MTS was is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the predisposition to both sebaceous tumors (or multiple keratoacanthomas) and internal malignancies. Gastrointestinal cancers were the most common kind of internal malignancies in MTS patients(61%),followed by genitourinary cancers(22%). In most cases(56%),sebaceous tumors appeared after the emergence of internal maliganancy. Both hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer(HNPCC) and MTS were caused by germline mutations in the DNA mismatch repair genes. MTS patients exhibit significantly more mutations in the hMSH2 than in the hMLH1. In these cases , both internal and skin tumors showed the characteristic of high microsatellite instability(MSI).Conclusion The presence of sebaceous tumors(or multiple keratoacanthomas) necessitates the search for internal malignancies. It is mandatory that patients with MTS, as patients with HNPCC, should be regularly followed up to search new malignancies. Evaluation and monitoring of the family members of patients are also necessary. The patients and their families should be counseled for genetic test. Sequencing the hMSH2 gene should be the prior selection of further examinations when clinical manifestations, history and laboratory tests suggest MTS.

0 05),while in the second group there was significant difference( P

OBJECTIVE:To study the tumor targeting of RGD-PEG-liposomes METHODS:RGD-PEG-liposome was prepared by reverse phase evaporation method and combination with GRGDS peptide Tumor targeting was studied in Colon 26 tumor bearing mice RESULTS:RGD-PEG-liposomes showed good tumor targeting effect on colon 26 tumor bearing mice CONCLUSION:RGD containing polypeptide conjugated,long-cyclic lipsome may become a new-type,receptor-mediated targeting agent

Objective To explore the effects of nifedipine combined with Magnesium Sulfate on the serum of patients with hypertension of pregnancy blood creatinine, uric acid and serum cystatin C level.Methods68 cases of patients with pregnancy induced hypertension from December 2013 to December 2015 in our hospital were selected, according to the different treatment methods were divided into control group and experimental group, 34 cases in each group, the two groups were treated with conventional therapy and symptomatic treatment, the control group was given 25% Magnesium Sulfate Injection 20mL+5%, Glucose Injection 20mL, 8~10min intravenous injection, after 25% Magnesium Sulfate Injection 60mL+5% Glucose Injection 500mL intravenous drip, 1~2g/L,1 times a day, Phentolamine Mesilate Injection 20mg+5%, Glucose Injection 250mL intravenous drip, 30min drop, 1 times a day;The experimental group was given the Extended Release Nifedipine Tablets 30mg sublingual in the control group on the basis of 3 times a day.Two group of gestational age<38 weeks treatment time was seven days,, the end of pregnancy over 38 weeks of treatment time was three days.After treatment the clinical efficacy, serum creatinine, uric acid, cystatin C, alpha-fetoprotein and adverse pregnancy outcome were compared between the two groups.ResultsAfter treatment,compared with the control group, the total effective rate of treatment group was higher (P<0.05), 2 groups of the blood serum uric acid, creatinine, Cystatin C and AFP levels were decreased (P<0.05), compared with the control group, the experimental group of serum uric acid, serum creatinine, Cystatin C and alpha fetoprotein level was lower (P<0.05).The experimental group, the complication rate was 5.88%, incidence rate of complications in the control group 14.71%, 2 groups of adverse pregnancy outcome rate comparison, the difference was not statistically significant.ConclusionNifedipine combined with Magnesium Sulfate significantly on clinical efficacy in patients with pregnancy induced hypertension, decrease the level of serum creatinine, uric acid and serum cystatin C levels, improve the quality of pregnancy, drug safety is high.