Objective: To investigate the possible effects of Pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1((Pdx-1))expression in transdifferentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(MSC) in vitro. Methods: The eukaryotic expression vector containing Pdx-1 was constructed.After such vector was transfected into MSC using Superfect,G418 was used to select the positive cells.Then both(Pdx-1~(+)MSC)and((Pdx-1~-MSC)) were induced to transdifferentiate in vitro.The expressions of insulin were analyzed by immunohistochemistry staining. Results: Restricted enzyme analysis and sequencing showed that interest gene segment was consistent with that in Gen Bank,Recombination vector was effectively transformed into MSC demonstrated by fluorescence microscope;insulin-producing cells from Pdx-1~(+)MSC were higher than that from Pdx-1~(-)MSC[(28.23?2.56)% and(7.08?2.69)%,respectively]. Conclusion:Pdx-1 can promote adult rat MSC to transdifferentiate into insulin-producing cells in vitro,and this approach might lead to a widespread cell replacement therapy for type I diabetes.

Many previous studies have shown that auditory cortical neurons are sensitive to sound spatial information, however, the mechanism of sound spatial coding is still not fully understood. Until now, detail studies on sound spatial coding have not been reported in the rat primary auditory cortex. Using electrophysiological technique, spatial response areas of 151 neurons in the rat primary auditory cortex were investigated. The relationships between spike counts and average first-spike latencies in the spatial response areas were analyzed. The results showed that, the majority (52.32%) of cortical neurons exhibited contralateral preference in the frontal auditory space whereas other neurons exhibited ipsilateral preference (18.54%) and midline preference (18.54%), and only a few neurons were included in the category of omnidirection (3.31%) and complex (7.28%). For the majority of cortical neurons, the arithmetic center of the preferred spatial area were distributed in the up and middle portion of the contralateral space relative to the recording side. Most neurons responded strongly to stimuli from their preferred space with shorter average first-spike latencies, and responded weakly to stimuli from non-preferred space with longer average latencies. In the spatial response area, the spike counts were negatively correlated with average first-spike latencies. The auditory cortex might use the information of both spike counts and average response time to code sound spatial information.

Objective: To establish the quality standards for Lingyangqingfei capsules. Methods: Microscopic identification of products, TLC identifications of Fructus Gardeniae and Cortex Moutan were carried out.Baicalin was determined by HPLC. Results: Baicalin in Lingyangqingfei capsules was about 1.5mg/capsule. The average recovery was 99.82% and RSD was 0.96%. Conclusion: The result is accurate and the reproducibility is good. This method can be used as the quality control of this preparation.

Purpose:To investigate expression of keratinocyte growth factor(KGF) messenger ribonuclunc acid in human NSCLC and to study the role of KGF in the development of NSCLC. Methods:The expression of KGF mRNA in 50 cases with NSCLC was detected by in situ hybridization (ISH). Results:On ISH slides, positive KGF mRNA was mainly shown as fusiform stain in plasma of fibroblast and blood vessel smooth muscle cell in mesenchymal of NSCLC, also, some parenchyma cell plasma was stained. The positive rate of KGF mRNA in tumor(86%) is statistically higher than that in normal tissue(24%)(P

Objective To explore the clinical feature and treatment method of the dopa responsive dystonia (DRD).Methods To observe the clinical manifestation,auxiliary test and the response on the treatment of levodopa in 6 patients from 4 families.Results 1 patient for childhood onset and 2 patients for adolescent onset with DRD, first symptom showed leg dystonia and toe walking with difficulty, whereas 3 patients of adult onset showed tremor and rigidity. Babinski sign was presented in 3 cases. Diurnal fluctuation in symptom severity occurred in all cases. All patients had obvious response to small dose levodopa in 1～6 days. In 2 cases, the effect was maintained for 7 years, without increasing the intake of levodopa.Conclusion The clinical feature of DRD was more remarkable,the therapeutic effectiveness of levodopa was rapid,sustained and obvious.

Objective To understand the differences between sexes in the clinical and pathological features of patients with mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis(MPGS).MethodsOne hundred and five patients with MPGS admitted to our hospital were retrospectively studied in clinical and pathological aspects.Results( 1 ) The proportion of male patients were 75 of 105 ( 71.43 ％ ) and that of females were 30 of 105 ( 28.57％ ) ; ( 2 ) The average age of the male patients was ( 40.25 ± 15.50 ) and that of the females was (36.23 ± 15.26) in year.There was no significant difference between the two groups( t =1.206,P =0.231 ) ;(3) There was no significant difference in duration of disease,hematuria,edema,hypertension prevalence and mean blood pressure( P ＞ 0.05 ).The proportion of patients with hematuria was 56.19％ (59/105).The males accounted for 69.33％ ( 52/75 ) and the females were 63.33％ ( 19/30 ) in the main clinical manifestations of nephrotic syndrome.There was no significant difference( x2 =0.352,P ＞ 0.05 ) between the proportion of males and females; (4)Males and females groups had no significant difference( P ＞ 0.05 )on levels of urinary protein,serum albumin,immunoglobulin,complement,urea nitrogen and serum creatinine.Complement decreased in 53 cases,accounting for 53％ of all the participants.The proportion of male patients with renal insufficiency was 24.00％ (18/75),and the proportion of females with renal insufficiency was 13.33％ (4/30).There was no significant difference ( x2 =1.472,P ＞ 0.05 )on the percentage of males and females with renal insufficiency.The mean value of urea nitrogen was higher than the normal levels ; (5) The proportion of male cases with different deposition of immune complexes was 93.06％ (67/72),and the proportion in females were 92.86％ (26/28) in the exception of 5 cases ( male 3 and female 2 ) with no glomeruli in immunofluorescence examination.No significant difference was found between the two groups( x2 =0.001,P ＞ 0.05 ) ; ( 6 ) There was no significant gender differences( x2 =1.696,P ＞ 0.05 ) found in risk assessment.ConclusionThe prevalence of MPGS is higher in male patients than in females,the main clinical manifestations of which were nephrotic syndrome.Patients were found to have a higher rate of hematuria,decreased complement C3,and renal dysfunction than the normal levels.There was no significant difference in gender on the clinical and pathological aspects of MPGS.

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) developed rapidly in the world, but the TCM international standard system has not been established, affecting the healthy development of TCM. To develop TCM international standardization strategy must master the current technical legislation and regulation status related to TCM. Through TM/CAM legislative investigation of the 4 Participating Countries of ISO/TC249 in western Pacific region, the author found that:Member states already have national policy on TM/CAM; laws and regulations on herbal product production, marketing, regulatory and management practitioners have already been enacted;TM/CAM practitioners in larger quantities, a higher education was required for practitioners and standardized management. This indicated that there is a good environment for TCM development in western Pacific region.

Aim To observe the effects of active com-ponent of Radix Isatidis ( ACRI ) on anti-anoxia and anti-fatigue in mice and investigate its possible mecha-nism. Methods Based on the weights, the mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: blank control group, ACRI 25, 50 and 100 mg·kg-1 groups, positive drug ( American ginseng liquid) control group 3 mL·kg-1 . Drugs were administered to the mice for about 14 con-secutive days, and during the experiment general situa-tions of mice were observed. The experiment of bearing hypoxia at normal pressure and the experiment of swim-ming while weight-bearing were conducted to study the effect of ACRI on anti-anoxia and anti-fatigue in mice. Then the superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) activities, the content of maleic dialdehyde ( MDA ) of mice serum and liver and blood urea nitrogen, blood lactic acid, liver glycogen were detected, in order to investigate its mechanism. Results ACRI decreased the growth rate of body weight in mice significantly, obviously pro-longed the survival time of anoxic mice at normal pres-sure and the swimming time of loaded mice, enhanced the SOD activities of mice blood and liver, decreased the MDA content of mice blood and liver, increased the content of liver glycogen, and decreased the blood urea nitrogen and blood lactic acid in mice after swim-ming. Conclusion ACRI has the anti-anoxia and anti-fatigue functions.

Objective To investigate the effect of Notch signaling during bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) differentiating into islet in vitro.Methods The specific inhibitor of γ-secretase DAPT was used to inhibit the Notch signaling pathway.Mter induction,DTZ staining,indirect immunofluorescence staining,RT-PCR and Westenn blotting were used to detect the expression of insulin,glucagon,Pdx-1 and Ngn3.Results (1) Identification of BMSCs:Indirect immunofluorescence staining showed that BMSCs could express CD59 and CD90,which both were makrers of mesenchymal stem cells.Besides,BMSCs could express nerve culluar markers such as NSE,GFAP,suggesting multi-directional differentiation.(2) The result of MTT showed DAPT could inhibit the cell proliferation in a time-dependent manner and a dose-dependent mannar.Besides,DAPT could inhibit the expression of target gene of Notch signal pathway in a time-dependent manner and a dosedependent mannar.After treated by 1,5,20 μmol DAPT,the expression of Hes1 had reached to 92.06％,71.40％ and 46.89％ of controls respectively,suggesting efficiency of inhibition on Notch reached 7.94％,28.6％ and 53.11％ respectively (all P＜ 0.05).(3) Indirect immunofluorescence staining showed the expression of pancreas-specific markers such as insulin and glucagon were much higher in DAPT treated BMSCs than that in controls,which was confirmed by RT-PCR and Western blotting analyses.The proportion of insulin-producing cells differentiated from DAPT treated BMSCs was (74.03 ± 3.96)％,which was higher than that from controls[(36.49 ± 3.24)％,P＜ 0.05].(4)Furthermore,RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis showed that the expressions of Pdx-1 and Ngn3 were earlier than that of insulin and glucagon,and the expressions of Pdx-1 and Ngn3 were higher in DAPT treated BMSCs than that in controls.Conclusions Notch signaling pathway plays a role in the differentiation of BMSCs into islet in vitro.Pharmacological interference with Notch signaling pathway may provide a novel method to obtain islet for therapeutic use.