Objective To study the etiology and clinics as well as CT diagnostic value of periventricular leukomalacia(PVL)in children.Methods Clinical and CT findings in 130 cases of PVL were retrospectively analyzed.Results 85 cases were premature newborn babies(65.4%) and 45 cases were fullmature newborn(34.6%) with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.CT showed the lateralventricle enlarge in different degrees and the white matter of periventricle decreased.Conclusion CT scan is of important value indiagnosis of PVL.

Objective To evaluate the development of the sphenooccipital synchondrosis on high resolution CT scans.Methods 269 cases,HRCT findings of the sphenoocipital synchondrosis ranged in age from 3 months to 74 years old were analysed.Four points were assessed on HRCT scans (a) The pattern of the synchondrosis, (b) The location and time of appearance of the ossification center in the synchondrosis, (c) The vestige of the synchondrosis after fusion of the sphenoid and occipital bones and (d) The development of sphenoid sinus.Results The pattern of the sphenooccipital synchondrosis could be classified into three types, including complete opening, partial and complete closure. The spheno-occipital synchondrosis was variable in shapes in opening group,a notch existed in 57 cases, the mean of the thickness of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis was 1.8 mm, there was negative correlation between the thickness of the synchondrosis and the age (r= -0.92,P

BACKGROUND: Trigeminal ganglion percutaneous puncture is one of the methods for the therapy of primary trigeminal neuralgia. The difficulties in percutaneous puncture technique and operation can lead accidental injury and some serious complications. The application of DZY-C trigeminal nerve stereoguide in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia has the features of high accuracy in puncture and low complications, which can reduce the chances of accidental injury to surrounding vessels and nerves.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the therapeutic effects of DZY-C trigeminal nerve stereoguide in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia.DESIGN: A before-and-after experimental study based on patients.SETTING: Department of cerebral surgery of a municipal hospital of tradi tional Chinese medicine and a municipal hospital.PARTICIPANTS: Ninety patients including 39 male and 51 female patients with primary trigeminal neuralgia aged between 21 and 90 years old were selected from outpatient or inpatient department of Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine between 2001 and 2003.INTERVENTIONS: Glycerine was injected into trigerminal ganglion of each patient through percutaneous puncture under the guidance of DZY-C trigeminal nerve stereoguide. Therapeutic effects were evaluated by visual analogue scale(VAS) before and 30 minutes after the treatment.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Results of therapeutic effects.RESULTS: Ninety patients with primary trigeminal neuralgia received trigeminal ganglion puncture with the application of DZY-C trigeminal nerve stereoguide. All punctures succeeded with one shot. After the injection of glycerine, the original trigeminal neuralgia disappeared in all 90 cases with the good and excellent rate of 100%.CONCLUSION: Trigeminal nerve stereoguide(DZY-C model) has the features of reasonable structural design, easy surgical operation, agile adjustment, less tissue injury, and safe manipulation, which can significantly eliminate trigeminal neuralgia.

Objective To study the method and diagnostic value of curved planar reformation(CPR)of body canals with multislice spiral CT.Methods 50 patients with various disease of chest and abdomen scanned by multislice spiral CT.CPR of canals of chest and abdomen were performed.Results The images of CPR were acquired satisfactory in all cases.3 cases were normal.There were vascular diseases of chest in 6 cases,lung cancer in 9 cases,disease of abdominal vessels in 10 cases,disease of biliary tract in 10 cases.Carcinoma of the head of pancrease in 4 cases,ureter cancer in 4 cases,ureter stone in 2 cases,tuberculosis of ureter in 1 case,malformation of ureter in 1 case.Conclusion CPR of body canal with multislice spiral CT is an effective method in the diagnosis of various diseases of chest and abdomen.It is an useful supplement of routine CT scan.

Objective To evaluate the CT and MRI features of masticator space lesions.Methods All patients(43 cases) were examined with CT (28 cases) or MRI(10 cases),and 4 cases underwent both CT and MR examination.Results 9 cases of masticator space infection were found,which had characteristic appearances and patterns of widely spread on CT and MRI,and CT was better in detecting mandibular osteomyelitis.Primary tumors of the space included 6 cases of rhabdomyosarcomas,5 cases of angioma,4 cases of osteosarcomas.Most of them had the particular CT or MRI features.In 19 cases of metastasis of the space,most came from surrounding structures,especially from squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck,and penetrating deeply into the muscles or ramus of masticator space.Conclusion The masticator space lesions(infection and most of tumors) are of characteristic features on CT and MRI.

0.05).The values and ages were positive correlation before age 25(r=0.71～0.91,?0.05).Four main patterns of marrow distribution were identified in the proximal femur.Our data implied that there was progressive marrow fat distribution with age.The diaphyseal red marrow began to convert to yellow marrow after 5 years old and the conversion completed at age of 10.Foci of longer T 1 signals were found in the diaphysis in some of the subjects and the percentage increased with age.The femoral head and the greater trochanter showed yellow marrow signals after ossification.Conclusion Measurement of MRI signal intensity values could be used in evaluating the conversion of red to yellow marrow of the femur.Red and yellow marrow of femur may be distinguished by MRI.We should notice the different MRI feafure in different ages.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of Pudilan xiaoyan oral liquid combined with bronchial dil-atation drugs in the treatment of moderate to severe stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD). METHODS:According to admission time,102 patients with stable moderate to severe COPD were randomly divided into treatment group(n=53)and con-trol group(n=49). Control group received Budesonide and formoterol fumarate powder for inhalation and Tiotropium bromide pow-der for inhalation;based on control group,treatment group was additionally treated with Pudilan xiaoyan oral liquid,10 ml/time, 3 times a day, for 12 weeks. The lung function index, number of acute COPD attack, modified medical research council (mMRC),CAT and CCQ were performed and comparison in the two groups. RESULTS:After 12 weeks of treatment,the IC of treatment group was improved significantly,compared to before treatment and control group;there was statistical significance(P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in FEV1 and FEV1/FVC%of treatment group after treatment,compared to before treat-ment and control group(P>0.05);there was no statistical significance in the number of acute COPD attack between 2 groups(P>0.05). mMRC,CAT score and CCQ total score of treatment group were improved significantly,compared to before treatment and control group;there was statistical significance (P<0.05). No obvious ADR was found in 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS:Pudilan xiaoyan oral liquid combined with bronchial dilatation drugs for inhalation is better than powder for inhalation in the treatment of moderate to serve stable COPD,can improve pulmonary function significantly,exercise tolerance and quality of life.

Objective To observe and measure the facial nerve canal(FNC) in curved planar reformation by multislice spiral CT.Methods High resolution computed tomography (HRCT)of temporal bone was performed in 40 cases (80 ears) by multislice spiral CT. Curved planar reformation of FNC was performed separately in axial, coronal and sagittal plane of multiplanar reconstruction. The morphology and measurement of FNC were studied.Results The mean length of FNC was (29.73?1.07)mm. The mean length of the labyrinthine, tympanic and mastoid segment was (5.6?0.74)mm, (10.66?0.79)mm and (13.47?1.01)mm respectively. The mean diameter of the l-abyrinthine, geniculate fossa, tympanic and mastoid segment was (0.76?0.16)mm, (2.37?0.63)mm, (1.03?0.16)mm and (1.57?0.31)mm respectively. The mean angle of first and second genu was 67.04??9.41? and 114.25??8.44? respectively. The distance between the tympanic segment and ampulla of the lateral semicircular canal was (0.57?0.19)mm. The distance between the tympanic segment and arch of the lateral semicircular canal was (1.59?0.61)mm. The mean angle between the tympanic segment of the facial nerve canal and the lateral semicircular canal was 10.63??3.60?. The tympanic course of the facial nerve canal formed an angle of 34.65??5.39? with the sagittal plane. Dehiscences was found in 89% FNC, 73.7% of them only located in the tympanic portion and 26.3% both in the mastoid and tympanic portions. Conclusion Curved planar reformation of FNC by multislice spiral CT is the good method to study the anatomy of FNC,and in combination with HRCT axial scan and multiplanar reconstrution can obtain more valuable information.

Objective To study the facial nerve canal (FNC) abnormalities of the congenital external auditory canal (EAC) atresia by MSCT curved planar reformation (CPR).Methods 15 cases(17 ears) of congenital EAC atresia were scanned by MSCT. Post-processing images were completed by Philips Mx8000 workstation.Results In 17 ears, there were 2 ears with stenosis of EAC, 2 ears with membranous atresia of EAC and 13 ears with bony atresia of EAC.There were 1 ear with congenital cholesteatoma, 3 ears with malformation of tympanum, 7 ears with malformation of the ossicular chain and 1ear with malformation of inner ear. In 17 ears with abnormalities of FNC, included 11 ears with the shortness of FNC general length, 5 ears with the anomalous course of FNC, 9 ears with the displacement of FNC, 1 ear with the narrowing of FNC and 1 ear with the branch of FNC.Conclusion MSCT CPR of FNC, combined with HRCT axial scan, can clearly show the FNC abnormalities of the congenital EAC atresia and provide valuable information for surgery.

Objective Using curved planar reformation(CPR)to delineate the ossicular chain(OC)in one image and evaluate its clinical application. Methods HRCT of temporal bone was performed in 122 cases(165 ears).The CPR of OC was then performed.The main parameters were as follow:collimation 0.5mm,pitch 0.875,reformation interval 0.2～0.3mm,reformation matrix 1024?1024.Results (1)CPR of normal OC were performed on 80 ears,the three ossicles and its joints could be showed on one image clearly.(2)Clincal application(72cases):in 39 cases of temporal bone trauma,OCs were normal in 21 cases and abnormal in 18 cases.Subluxation or dislocation of malleoincudal joint(MIJ)(5,5) and incudostapedial joint(ISJ)(5,6),dislocation of MIJ and ISJ with rotation of incus(1 case),fracture of manubrium of malleus(1 case) were found respectively.In 16 cases of external auditory canal dysplasia(EACD),the most commonly associated type of OC deformity was absence of manubrium of malleus(10 cases)。Absence of OC associated with coarctation of middle ear cavity(3 cases) and fusion of the malleus and incus associated with absence of long process of incus represented in 1 case.Congenital ossicular anomalies without associated EACD were found in 2 cases.The long processes of the incus of both side were absent in 1 case.Incudostapedial disconnection was demonstrated in 1 case due to improper development of the long process of the incus.In 15 cases of chronic otitis media(COM),6 cases were complicated cholesteatoma.Destruction of OC was demonstrated in 6 cases.Conclusion CPR of OC with multislice spiral CT is an effective method in the diagnosis of conductive hearing loss.