OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of naoluotong on dogs' cerebral blood flow. METHODS:The anaesthetized dogs were randomly divided into naoluotong (which was subdivided into high, medium and low dose subgroups) group, antigeron positive control group, naoxuekang group, and blank control group with 6 dogs in each group. The internal carotid artery flow (ICAF), blood pressure (BP), electrocardiogram (ECG) and heart rates of the dogs were determined at different time after administration with drugs. RESULTS:As compared with the blank control group, the high and medium dose of naoluotong could significantly increase dogs' cerebral blood flow and reduce cerebral vascular resistance yet without significant influence on arterial blood pressure, heart rates and ECG. CONCLUSION: Naoluotong can improve cerebral blood circulation.

Epilepsy is one of the most common diseases in children.The diagnosis,classification and treatment of epilepsy are improving gradually and meet with the international standards.However,the understanding of the clinical significance of epilepsy combined with the mental and behavioral problems is not sufficient,which leads to the backlogging of the diagnosis and intervention of the co-morbidity,and further affects the long-term prognosis.The prevalence of epilepsy co-morbid with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is high,which seriously affects the quality of the lives in children and their families.Timely diagnosis and standardized treatment is very important for the clinical workers to improve the long-term prognosis of these children.In this paper,the possible mechanism,the disease characteristics,the standardized diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy combined with ADHD,are briefly introduced.

Objective To investigate the effect of naloxone on c-fos expression in hippocampus induced by repeated febrile seizures(FS).Methods Warm water induced rat FS model was developed in this study. Each rat was induced 7 febrile seizures with the interval of one day. Naloxone-treated rats and FS control rats received injection of naloxone(1 mg/kg,2 mg/kg) or saline once FS occurrence every 2 day respectively. All rats were sacrificed 24 hours after the last seizure. In hippocampus, c-fos expression distribution and semi-quantitative analysis was determined by immuhischemical staining measure and western-blotting respectively.Results Compared with FS control group, naloxone treatment could significantly relieve c-fos expression in hippocampus induced by repeated FS, mainly in dentate gyrus(DG) and CA3 region. The comparison between 1 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg naloxone-treated group showed that 2 mg/kg naloxone could reduce c-fos positive expression more significantly.Conclusion Naloxone of proper dosage may significantly alleviate c-fos expression after repeated FS ,which further proved its antiepileptic function and also implied that endogenous opioid may be involved in the regulation of c-fos expression during seizure.

To report a boy with reflex seizures induced by micturition.He suffered from seizures during micturition for four yesrs.The clinical symptoms consisted of head backwards,limbs dithering,sometimes accompanying tumble.During the episodes of the seizure,his consciousness did not lose.Few seizures showed only eyes up-staring for several seconds.The livelong process of micturition was often interrupted by seizures for several times.When he finished or stoped micturition,the seizures did not occur again.His seizures could not be induced by free of micturition or other stimulative factors.The interictal EEGs showed that background asymmetry manifested as the lower amplitude and irregular rhythm in the left hemisphere,sharp or sharp and waves in right hemisphere,especially mid and back temporal.There also had sharp,spike,and spike and waves in many regions of double spheres in interictal EEGs.The other assistant check-ups were normal.while this disease was infrenquncy,it would be worthy to regard.

Objective To investigate the relationship between corneal basal nerve change and type 2 diabetic retinopathy based on confocal laser microscopy.Methods Together 118 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) were collected in our hospital from February 2016 to February 2017,including 57 patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR group) and 61 patients without DR (NDR group).For comparison,60 healthy volunteers were selected as the control group.And all the subjects were examined by corneal confocal laser microscopy to analyze the relationship between the morphological parameters of the corneal nerve and clinical variables.Results Corneal nerve fiber density,corneal nerve branch density and corneal nerve branch length in DR group were (20.03 ±4.22) · mm-2,(22.01 ± 7.05) · mm-2 and (9.50 ± 1.76) mm ·mm-2,significantly less than those of the control group and NDR group (all P ＜ 0.05);and corneal nerve fiber curvature was (0.30 ± 0.03),significantly higher than that of the control group and NDR group (all P ＜ 0.05);In DR patients,phase Ⅲ patients had smaller the corneal nerve fiber density,corneal nerve branch density and corneal nerve branch length,but the larger corneal nerve fiber curvature than the phase Ⅰ and Ⅱ patients (all P ＜ 0.05);course of disease of DR group was (12.04 ± 2.48) years,which was significantly higher than that of NDR group (P ＜ 0.05),while fasting C peptide and fasting insulin were (1.41 ± 0.58) μg · L-1 and (20.05 ± 7.91) mU · L-1,respectively,significantly lower than those of NDR group (all P ＜ 0.05);The duration of T2D was negatively correlated with the corneal nerve branch density and corneal nerve branch length (r =-0.322,-0.317,all P ＜0.05);Fasting C peptide was positively correlated with the corneal nerve branch density (r =0.298,P ＜ 0.05),and negatively correlated with the corneal nerve curvature (r =-0.311,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Patients with T2D retinopathy have abnormal morphology of corneal nerve.And confocal laser scanning microscopy is conducive to the early detection of microvascular disease in T2D patients with a longer course of disease or a low level of fasting C peptide.

Nitric oxide (NO) is a multifunctional biomolecule involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, including regulation of blood vessel dilatation and function as a neurotransmitter. However, a large amount of NO is toxic to the host and causes several diseases such as cardiovascular system diseases, septic shock, and diabetes mellitus. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway was first identified as a cellular response pathway induced by the accumulation of unfolded proteins in ER to preserve ER functions. Later it was found that ER stress pathway is also activated by various cellular stresses to protect cells, but when stresses are severe, apoptosis is induced to remove damaged cells. It is reported that NO disturbs ER functions, then ER stress-mediated apoptosis pathway is activated. CHOP/GADD153, which belongs to C/EBP transcription factor family, is induced in this process and mediates apoptosis. ER stress pathway induced by NO is involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases.

Objective: To study the alteration of hydrogen sulfide (H_2S)/ cystathionine-?-synthase (CBS) system during recurrent febrile seizures (FS) in the hippocampus of developing rats. Methods: The rats were randomly divided into control group (n=8) and hyperthermia-treated group (n=22). Which was subdivided into FS group (n=8) and H group(no seizure occurred, n=9) according to whether seizures occurred. The plasma level of H_2S was detected by the spectrophotometer. The expression levels of CBS gene and protein were examined by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry respectively. Results: The plasma levels of H_2S were increased significantly in FS group compared with those of control group or H group. The expression levels of CBS gene and protein were enhanced in FS group compared with those of control group or H group. Conclusion: The expression levels of H_2S/ CBS system were up-regulated during recurrent FS.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effectiveness of xenogenic(porcine) acellular dermal matrix grafting with thin autogenic skin on deep wounds with good wound-bed.

METHODS52 cases of patients with deep wounds were transplanted with xenogenic(porcine) acellular dermal matrix grafting and thin autogenic skin by two step method from Jan. 2000 to Feb. 2002.

RESULTS37 cases of patients achieved complete take(71.1%) and 15 cases got 95 percent take (28.9%) with none needing grafting again. 3-6 months' following up showed that skins of complex grafting had well-acceptable color and quality compared to nearby skin.

CONCLUSIONThis kind of xenogenic(porcine) acellular dermal matrix can be widely used on deep wounds with good wound bed as complex graft.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Animals ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Dermatologic Surgical Procedures ; Dermis ; transplantation ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Skin ; injuries ; Skin Transplantation ; methods ; Swine ; Transplantation, Autologous ; Transplantation, Heterologous ; Wound Healing ; Wounds and Injuries ; surgery

Objective To discuss the design of pedicled thoracodorsal artery perforator flap (TDAP flap),and to evaluate the aesthetic results and donor-site complications for immediate partial breast reconstruction (IPBR) after breast conserving surgery (BCS) for breast cancer patients.Method Clinical data of 13 breast cancer cases treated with BCS + IPBR using TDAP flap from November 2004 to November 2010 were retrospectively analyzed.Perforators were identified with Doppler preoperatively in all patients.Results All perforators originated within a median distance of 8.0 cm ( range,7.5 to 9.5 cm) from axillary plica at the posterior line of axilla.Median area of the flaps was 6.0 × 8.0 cm ( range,5.0 × 7.0 cm to 8.0 × 10.0 cm).One flap was muscle-sparing,while a small muscle strip was left embedding the perforators in other twelve flaps to increase the reliability of the vascular pedicle.Postoperatively patients were followedup from 4 to 71 months.Median follow-up time was 41 months.Flap necrosis and seroma in the donor-site were not found in all patients.Aesthetic results were graded as excellent or good in 9 patients,fair in 3,and poor in one.Conclusions TDAP flap is a good choice for IPBR after BCS for breast cancer patients whether lesions in outer quadrants or inner quadrants,especially for those patients with excisional biopsy.Preoperative mini-Doppler is helpful for determining the precise location of the main perforators,and decreasing the risk of vessels injury.

Objective To explore the changing regularity of nitric oxide synthase(nNOS) in recurrent febrile seizures (FS), and the influence of NOS/NO on brain damage induced by recurrent FS.Methods FS rats were induced in a bath of warm water.The ex-periments were divided into 2 groups. The contents of nNOS cDNA in the first group was measured by quantitative RT-PCR and the contents of nNOS protein was measured by Western blot.The mtensity , latency, duration and rectal temperature of the seizure in rats in the second group were recorded. Morphologic changes of hippocampal neurons were observed with HE stain.Results Alter recur-rent FS, the expression of nNOS mRNA in hippocampus was significantly inereased compared with those in control group and hyper-thermia group, associated with an increase of nNOS protein.With the increase of seizure number,thert were changes of seizure latency and gradually prolonged trend of the seizure duration. By using the inhibitor of NOS, the seizure latency was gradually prolonged and the prolonged trend of the seizure duration was significantly decreased than that in FS group.There was no significantly difference of seizure intensity and rectal temperature between 2 groups.After recurrent FS, histological changes of hippocampal neurons could be seen under light microscope.The inhibitor alleviated nearonal injury.Conclusions Recurrent FS can induce nNOS gent expression.The NOS/NO system may be involved in the development of brain damage induced recurrent FS.