This report presents the study of determination of DNA in different Namalva IFN preparation by a microassay method using ethidium bromide. The results show that the purified IFN,by antibody affinity chromatography, contains no DNA, which indicates this purified IFN can be used clinically as a safe drug.

Results of the establishment and application of anti-interferon antibody column are reported. Antiserum against human lymphoblastoid interferon (HuLyIFN) was obtained by immunizing sheep with partially purified Namalva interferon. After they were isolated from antiserum, the immunoglobulins against HuLylFN were adsorbed repeatedly on the "mock interferon"column and trypsin inhibitor column. Anti-interferon anti-body column was established by coupling the adsorbed anti-interferon antibody to Sepharose 4B. Crude Namalva interferon was purified by antibody affinity chro-matography in one step to a specific activity of 8?108 to 8?107units/mg protein with the recovery of over 100%. Peak of purified interferon activity in elution was seen mostly in fractions 1-3(3-8ml). Similar results were obtained in purification of human leukocyte interferon(HuLeIFN)by this column.The polyclonal antibody column purified recombined leukocyte interferon-?D (LrIFN-?D) to homogeneity as analyzed on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

Chronic inflammation is proved to play an important role in promoting carcinogenesis.Many factors in inflammatory microenvironment,such as inflammatory immune cells,pro-inflammatory cytokines,inflammatory mediators,and aberrantly activated transcription factors of pro-inflammatory pathway (NF-κB,STAT3),have been found to provide a microenvironment for lung neoplastic processes,and promote the lung carcinogenesis.On the other hand,many anti-inflammatory agents have been shown having inhibitory effects on lung tumorigenicity.With further understanding of the molecular links between inflammation and lung tumorigenesis,anti-inflammation would provide alternative strategies for prevention and therapy of lung cancer.

Lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are two high-mortality diseases in the world.Numerous epidemiological studies have demonstrated that presence of COPD increases the risk of lung cancer.Habitual cigarette smoking frequently develops lung cancer as well as COPD,However the links between the two diseases should be more than smoking alone.The underlying mechanisms may include genetic predisposition,inflammation and cell injury,oxidative and noxious stress,extracellular matrix and proteinases,some of which might represent the targets for chemoprevention or chemotherapy.

Compared to normal counterparts,cancer cells exhibit metabolic changes owing to both genetic and epigenetic alterations. Some abnormal alterations happen in tumor cells including glycolysis,mito-chondrial biogenesis,glutaminolysis and lipid synthesis. These metabolic changes have great significance to development of tumor and clinical targeted therapies.

Objective Castleman′s disease ( CD) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder, which has a very high misdiagnosis rate according to its lack of clinical and imaging specificity.The study was to improve the recognition, diagnosis and management of this disease by analyzing the clinicopathological characteristics and concluding diagnosis and treatment as well as literature review. Methods Retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data of 31 CD patients (13 males and 18 females) who were hospitalized in the Affiliated Drum Tower Hosipital to Medical college of Nanjing University from January 2006 to Feburary 2014.Their mean age was (47.4 ±13.3) years.There were 24 cases with unicentric Castleman′s disease (UCD) and 7 cases with multicentric Castleman′s disease ( MCD) .UCD tended to be present in the form of an enlarged and painless mass which generally remained asymptomatic by accidental touch or regular physical examination.MCD was usually associated with constitutional symptoms.All the 24 patients with UCD underwent complete surgical resection.7 patients with MCD received different treatment methods, such as surgical resection, ste-riod and rituximab in combination with chemotherapy ( CHOP) . Results Postoperative pathology confirmed 23 cases were hyaline vascular type while 8 were plasma cell type.25 cases had been followed up (46.3 ±32.3) months after operation, among which 1 UCD case died of pancreatic head carcinoma 13 months after operation, 1 case with MCD plus pemphigus died 2 months after surgical resection of retroperitoneal lymphadenectasis, another MCD case died in 1 month without any treatment.The remaining 22 cases were alive. Conclusion CD is lack of clinical specificity and its diagnosis should be made by pathology.Each subtype differ greatly in prognosis, therefore different treatments should be taken after definitive subtype diagnosis.

Primary nephrotic syndrome( PNS) is a common kidney disease in children. Glucocorticoste-roid( GC) is recognized as the first-line drug,and most children are sensitive to it. However,the problems of fre-quent relapses and steroid-dependence still have not been solved. In recent years,a number of randomized con-trolled studies have been conducted on the dosage of GC medications,the efficacy and safety of immunosuppres-sive agents,some of which try to figure out how to effectively reduce relapse and the rate of hormone-depend-ence. This review summarizes the progress in the treatment of steroid-sensitive,steroid-dependent,and frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome.

Objective To describe a novel surgical technique for male long-segment urethral stric- ture after pelvic trauma using the intact and pedieled pendulous urethra to replace the bulbar and membra- nous urethra,and then reconstructing anterior urethra.Methods Three patients with long-segment post- traumatic bulbar and membranous urethral strictures with short left pendulous urethras who had undergone several failed previous surgeries were treated with staged pendulous-prostatic anastomotic urethroplasty fol- lowed by reconstruction of the anterior urethra.This procedure was divided into 3 stages.The first-stage sur- gery was mobilization of anterior urethra down to the coronary sulcus and then re-routing the prostatic urethra followed by pendulous-prostatic anastomotic urethroplasty with transposition of penis to perineum.The sec- ond-stage surgery was transecting the anterior urethra at the site of coronary sulcus 6 months later when it was re-vaseularized,then straightening the penis and performing urethroperineostomy.The third-stage surgery was reconstruction of anterior urethra 6 months later.Results Case 1 reported satisfactory voiding postopera- tively.Retrograde urethrography showed that the urethra was patent with no post-voiding residual urine (PVR),and bilateral vesicoureteral reflux almost disappeared.The Qmax was 18.8ml/s,and 18ml/s after the third stage surgery and at 2-year follow-up.Case 2 also had satisfactory voiding.A 22F urethral catheter could smoothly pass through the urethra,and Qmax was 19.5 ml/s with no PVR at 2-year follow-up.Case 3 underwent the first stage surgery through perineal and pubic routes.The urethrorectal and urethroperineal fis- tulas were excised and repaired simultaneously.After operation the fistulas healed,but the stenostomia resul- ting from wound infection needed further treatment.Conclusions This procedure is effective for men with complex long-segment post-traumatic bulbar and membranous urethral strictures,especially for those undergo- ing failed previous surgical treatment.

Objective To analyze the characteristics of immunocompetent cells in peripheral blood on prophase of severe hepatitis B (PSHB).Methods 48 cases of PSHB patients,35 cases of chronic hepatitis B(CHB) patients and 20 cases of healthy volunteers were enrolled for detection of CD3+,CD3+/CD4+,CD3+/CD8+ and CD4+/CD25+/CD45+ lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood by flow cytometry.The absolute numbers of each lymphocyte subset were calculated and analyzed statistically.Results Compared with CHB group and healthy control group,The absolute numbers of circulating CD3+,CDs+ T cells and CD4+ CD25 + regulatory T cells (Tregs) were significantly lower in PSHB group( P ＜0.01 or P ＜0.05).There was no significant difference on the absolute numbers of circulating CD4+ T cells betweenPSHB group and CHB group (P ＞0.05),while the percentage of lymphocyte subsets CD4+ in PSHB group was significantly higher than that in CHB group( P ＜ 0.05 ).In addition,CD4 +/CD8 + ratio in PSHB were significantly higher than those in the CHB group and healthy control group ( P ＜ 0.01 or P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion PSHB has a certain degree of cellular immune dysfunction,which characterized by CD4+ T cells dominated and the decline of absolute numbers of CD8 + T cells and CD4 + CD25 +Tregs.

OBJECTIVETo explore CT and MRI manifestations of the axial area peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumors (pPNETs) in order to improve the knowledge of this disease.

METHODSThe clinical data of 10 patients with pPNETs underwent pathologically confirmed were retrospectively analyzed from October 2008 to May 2014. There were 7 males and 3 females, aged from 8 to 49 years old with median of 23.6 years. The preoperative multi-slice spiral CT scan was completed in 3 cases, plain CT scan and enhancement in 4 cases; MRI and enhancement scanning in 5 cases; and among them, 2 cases underwent both MRI and CT scan.

RESULTSIn-bone type was found 6 cases and out-bone type was found 4 cases. Three cases occurred in sacral vertebrae, 2 cases in lumbar vertebrae, 1 case in cervical vertebrae, 1 case in cervical spinal canal, 1 case in coccyx, 1 case in the right iliac bone, 1 case in presacral space. Cross sectional the smallest tumor maximum level was 1.1 cmx 1.2 cm in size, the biggest tumor was 8.0 cm x 9.2 cm, the median size was 4.4 cm x 5.7 cm, of them, the tumor of maximal diameter larger than 5 cm had 6 cases. Except 2 cases-without destruction of bone, the other 5 cases with osteolytic destruction, 2 cases with calcification, 1 case with mixed. Equidensite was main in CT scan, 1 case with uniform density, other 6 cases with uneven density,in which 3 cases with "floating ice" change; 1 case with moderate strengthening, other 3 cases with obviously strengthening, 2 cases with multiple small blood vessels in enhancement scanning. MRI of 5 cases showed the signal of isointensity on T1WI, the slightly high signal on T2WI and the signal was not uniform; after enhancement scan, the signal of 5 cases obviously enhanced. Two patients complicated with vertebral compression fractures, no periosteal reaction was found in all patients, and no the destruction of intervertebral disk was found in 5 patients of MRI scan.

CONCLUSIONThe axial area pPNETs is common among children and the youth, and the mass often is huge. The mass of in-bone type often envelopes the vertebral body, and main located on prevertebral space, all associated with bone destruction, osteolytic destruction is common, and primary vertebral bodies also is common, attachment primary or involvement is few found, it can involve the spinal canal and anterior wall of spinal canal is common, some cases complicate with multiple newly born small vessels. The mass of out-hone type in deep soft tissue is common, minority primary spinal canal, many complicated with vertebral bone destruction, osteolytic destruction was main. The intervertebral disk was not invaded and intervertebral space has not stenosis. CT scan offer complicate with "floating ice" sign, and in-bone type is common. Isointensity is main on MRI TlWI and slightly longer signal is main on MRI T2WI, strengthening signal is obvious.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Radionuclide Imaging ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Young Adult