Objective:To test the reliability of BMDC-NPTB-CR. Method: 182 elderlies were tested with the BMDC-NPTB-CR. Test-retest reliability and internal consistency of the scale were calculated. Result:70% of the items in BMDC-NPTB-CR were moderate in difficulty. The correlation between total score and subscores were in 0.50～0.88(P

To study the effects of Chinese herbal medicine Yinsiwei compound (YSW) on spatial learning and memory ability in rats with sporadic Alzheimer disease (SAD) and the ultrastructural basis of the hippocampal neurons.

Objective To establish rat models with Sporadic Alzheimer’s disease(SAD) induced by intracerebroventricular administration of streptozotocin(ic-STZ),and observe the effects of compound Jinsiwei(GETO) on learning and memorizing ability of rats.Methods To establish the Sporadic Alzheimer’s disease model by intracerebroventricular micro-injection of STZ bilaterally.GETO groups were treated with gastric perfusion of GETO in three different dosage for 3 months.Learning and memorizing ability of the rats were inspected through Morris water maze test.The effects of GETO and Donepezil were observed and compared.Results In place navigation test,the escape latency and swimming distance were significantly longer in the model group than that in the sham group(P

Objective To investigate the correlation between early serum β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) and cystatin-C (Cys-C) levels and post-stroke depression (PSD) in patients with acute cerebral infarction and their clinical significance. Methods Patients with acute cerebral infarction within 72 hours of the first onset were consecutively collected,and the diagnosis met the diagnostic criteria of the Chinese Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke 2018,all confirmed by head MRI DWI,with reference to the diagnostic criteria of PSD and the 24-item version of the Hamilton Depression Scale-24 (HAMD-24) scores were included in the patients. Scores≥8 were included in the study group (PSD group),and the PSD group was further divided into two subgroups,mild and moderate-severe,according to the HAMD score. Laboratory indicators such as serum β2-MG,Cys-C and biochemistry and clinical data were collected on admission. Results 64 of 174 patients with acute cerebral infarction were diagnosed with PSD,with an incidence of 37%. Compared with the control group,there were statistical differences in age,hypertension,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),serum creatinine (Scr),β2-MG and Cys-C in the study group,and the results of multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that age,β2-MG and Cys-C might be the most important factors. β2-MG and Cys-C may be independent risk factors for the occurrence of PSD;meanwhile,the levels of β2-MG and Cys-C were found to be positively correlated with the severity of PSD (P<0.01). The analysis of the role of serum β2-MG and Cys-C in the diagnosis of PSD by applying ROC curves showed that the AUC of β2-MG was 0.781,with a sensitivity of 0.672 and specificity of 0.909;the AUC of Cys-C was 0.785,with a sensitivity of 0.828 and specificity of 0.736;the AUC of the combined diagnosis was 0.815,with a sensitivity of 0.656 and specificity of 0.909.Conclusion Age,serum β2-MG and Cys-C may be independent risk factors for the occurrence of PSD,and serum β2-MG and Cys-C are associated with the severity of PSD;β2-MG and Cys-C may have some diagnostic value for the occurrence of PSD,and the combined diagnostic value of the two is higher.

Objective　To explore the relationship between free fatty acid metabolites and the acute cerebral infarction based on tandem mass spectrometry.Methods　Collecting 460 objects admitted to the first affiliated hospital of jinzhou medical university from October 2019 to January 2020.According to the presence of new cerebral infarction in the head imaging examination，they were divided into two groups：acute cerebral infarction group and control group.The tandem mass spectrometry was used to detect plasma 25 free fatty acids metabolites.Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA)，Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and logistic regression were used to screen the differential metabolites.Results　There are 5 free fatty acid metabolites and the comprehensive indicators W significantly correlated with the incidence of cerebral infarction.The area under curve (AUC) of each metabolite for predicting cerebral infarction was as follows：W (0.917)，palmitic acid (0.892)，stearic acid (0.878)，linoleic acid (0.864)，oleic acid (0.840)，arachidonic acid (0.806).Conclusion　Linoleic acid，palmitic acid，stearic acid，arachidonic acid，oleic acid may be related to the occurrence and development of cerebral infarction，and the study of their metabolic processes may provide a basis for exploring the pathogenesis of cerebral infarction.

The study is designed to evaluate the protective effect of xanthan gum (XG) injection on cartilage injury in the rabbit osteoarthritis (OA) model induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT), and to explore the effect of XG on the expression of caspase-3 and Bax protein in OA cartilage. Sixty male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=10) according to random number table method, and one group was selected randomly as the normal control group (control) while the other 5 groups of right knee were used to establish the OA model with ACLT, which were then divided into model group (model), XG-0.6 mg·kg^-1, XG-1.2 mg·kg^-1, XG-2.4 mg·kg^-1 treatment group and sodium hyaluronate (SH-1.2 mg·kg^-1) treatment group according to drug intervention. The knee joint temperature and knee joint width of each group were measured in the course of treatment. After treatment, the macroscopic morphology of rabbit joints in each group was observed. The pathological morphology of articular cartilage of rabbits in each group was observed using HE staining. The expression of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 in the cartilage of rabbits were detected by Western blot. The result shows that XG inhibited the increase in knee joint temperature and knee width caused by OA in a dose-dependent manner. XG improved the morphological abnormalities and tissue injuries of the femoral condyle and tibial plateau caused by OA. Western blot result shows that, compared with the control group, the levels of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 in knee cartilage cells of model group and XG-0.6 mg·kg^-1 group were significantly increased (P<0.01). However, no significant difference was observed in the levels of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 between the model group and the XG-0.6 mg·kg^-1 group (P>0.05). These two groups are significantly higher than those of XG-1.2 mg·kg^-1 and XG-2.4 mg·kg^-1 (P<0.01) groups. Meanwhile, no significant difference was observed in the level of cleaved caspase-3 between the knee cartilage in XG-2.4 mg·kg^-1 and XG-1.2 mg·kg^-1 group (P>0.05). The level of Bax in knee cartilage in XG-2.4 mg·kg^-1 group was lower than that of XG-1.2 mg·kg^-1 group (P<0.05). In conclusion, XG effectively protected cartilage damage in OA, and inhibited the expression of Bax and caspase-3 protein in OA cartilage.

Objective To investigate the risk factors for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in elderly people in Beijing.Methods Using multistage cluster random sampling,129 elderly people aged 60-80 years living around Dongzhimen communities were interviewed by mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Diseases and Stroke/ Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association (NINCDS-ADRDA) criteria for screening MCI and Alzheimer's disease (AD).Results Thirty-seven cases (28.7%) had amnestic MCI (aMCI),thirty-six cases (27.9%) had AD,and fifty-six cases (43.4%) were with normal cognitive state (NCS).The age was older in aMCI patients or AD patients than in NCS[(67.6±7.5)y vs.(62.5±7.9)y,(67.6±7.5)y vs.(62.5±7.9)y,both P<0.01],Andthe aMCI or AD patients had low level of education (P<0.05).The blood pressure was higher in the patients suffered from aMCI or AD than in people with NCS more or less (P<0.05).The prevalence of aMCI was related to the body mass index (BMI) (P<0.05),while that of AD had no significant relation with BMI (P>0.05).The prevalence of aMCI or AD was not significantly different between male and female or between different birth months.(all P>0.05).Conclusions The prevalence of aMCI increases with age,lower level of education,higher level of blood pressure and BMI,while it has no significant relations with gender or birth month.

Objective To identify the significance of neuropsychological single-item scales in the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD).Methods A total of 676 elderly people living around Dongzhimen district in Beijing were recruited using multistage sampling method.Cognitive function was assessed by minimum mental state examination (MMSE)and other scales.MCI was diagnosed based on the criteria proposed by Petersen (1999),and AD was diagnosed based on the NINCDS-ADRDA.Subjects were divided into normal cognitive group (n=213 cases,31.5％),Alzheimer's disease (AD) group (n=167 cases,24.7％),amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) group (n=186 cases,27.5 ％) and non-AD dementia group (110 cases,16.3 ％).Results The MMSE scores in AD,aMCI and normal groups were 23.0 ± 5.9,25.9±2.6,8.1 ± 1.7,respectively.There were significant differences in MMSE scores between AD,aMCI and NC groups separately (all P＜0.01).Compared with MCI and NC group,th scores of time orientation,attention,calculation and immediate recall and delayed recall were significantly decreased in AD group (all P＜0.01).Comparing with normal group,the scores of attention and calculation were reduced in aMCI group (both P＜0.01).The delayed story recall (DSR) scores in AD,aMCI and NC groups were 15.7 ± 11.7,7.6 ± 4.9,26.5 ± 9.3,respectively.There were significant differences in mean DSR scores between AD,aMCI and NC groups separately (all P＜0.01).Compared with normal group,the clinical dementia rating (CDR) scores were higher and the mean clock drawing task (CDT)scores were lower in AD and aMCI groups (both P＜0.01).Conclusions Both neuropsychological assessment tools such as MMSE and single-item scales such as delayed story recall have the certain significance in the diagnosis of MCI and AD.

With the high incidence of diabetic nephropathy, the clinical trials of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in diabetic nephropathy area play an important role in the development of this subject. Therefore, follow-ing the principles of medical ethics, issues of fully understanding professional requirements of ethics review for clinical research of diabetic nephropathy and the protection of patients' rights are questions which should be solved. This article was based on the investigations on ethical needs of experts and patients in diabetic nephropathy area of TCM clinical trials . Discussions and considerations were made on results . A the more per-fect and regulated medical informed consent formwork for diabetic nephropathy of TCM clinical trials was made based on these consultations .

To investigate the correlation between cognitive function and the Chinese medicine syndrome characteristics of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI).