In the present study, it has been found that garlic extract has the ability of blocking the formation of DMN, DEN and DBN in vitro under the conditions simulating those of gastric juice. There are very good dose-response relationships between the dosage of garlic extract and the blocking effect on the formation of DEN and DBN.The concentration of nitrite can be lowered with garlic extract. The dosage of garlic extract and the remains of nitrite show highly significant negative correlations. This may be partial mechanism of blocking effect of garlic extract on the formation of nitrosamines.

It is well known that some moulds can mediate the formation o NO-com-pounds (NOC), but there have been few means to block its action. In this paper, we introduce garlic extract that can block moulds-mediated nitrosa-tion.Fusarium moniliforme and Aspergillus versicolor were inoculated in Cza-pek's liquid medium with nitrite and diethylamine ordibutylamine added (test group). The concentrations of NDEA and NDBA were higher in the test group than those in the control group (moulds not inoculated), (P

potato. The rates for removing nitrite also showed the same order.A new compound formed from the reaction of allyl mercaptan with sodium nitrite had characteristic absorption peaks of -NO group at 1508 CM-1 and 650 CM-1 of infrared spectrum. With UV-ray irradiating this new compound, the NO7 radical was regenerated. UV/Vis spectrum scanning also showed the specific absorption of R-SNO compounds. Based on the facts mentioned above and the rules by which -SH compounds react with nitrite to form R-SNO compounds, the molecular structure of this new compound can be described as CH2= CH-CH2-SNO, named "Allylthionitrite".In conclusion, -SH compounds in garlic extract could be competitively reacted with nitrite forming thionitrite compounds and then blocked the formation of nitrosamines. We believed this might be the partial mechanism of the blocking effect of garlic on the formation of nitrosamines.

Objective:To test the reliability of BMDC-NPTB-CR. Method: 182 elderlies were tested with the BMDC-NPTB-CR. Test-retest reliability and internal consistency of the scale were calculated. Result:70% of the items in BMDC-NPTB-CR were moderate in difficulty. The correlation between total score and subscores were in 0.50～0.88(P

Objective: To analyze the stress-strain characteristics of the polycaprolactone (P C D meniscus scaffold in the knee joint, and to evaluate its feasibility as an implant material. Methods: The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of volunteer knee joints was used to obtain the planar image data. A three-dimensional finite element model including the femur, tibia, fibula, femoral condyle and tibial plateau articular cartilage, medial and lateral menisci, and ligaments was established. The validity of the model was verified by calculating the contact area of the tibial plateau and comparing with the previous literatures. On this basis, the three-dimensional finite element model of the knee joint after medial meniscectomy was established by deleting the medial meniscus unit and node of the normal knee joint. The knee joint model was established after replacement of the PCL meniscus. The changes of meniscal displacement and contact pressure in three types of knee joint models under 1 400 N femoral axial vertical pressure and the changes of compressive stresses on the femoral articular cartilage and tibial plateau articular cartilage were compared Results: The displacements of the medial and lateral menisci of the healthy knee joint under the axial compression load of 1 400 N femur were 0. 83 and 1. 76 mm, respectively. The displacements of the medial and lateral meniscus of the PCL model were 1. 15 and 2. 20 mm, respectively. Under the same load, the maximum compressive stresses of the healthy knee joint on the medial and lateral cartilage of the tibial plateau were 2. 5 and 1. 7 MPa, respectively; the maximum compressive stresses on the medial and lateral femoral articular cartilage were 2. 7 and 2. 1 MPa, respectively. In the medial meniscus complete resection model, the maximum compressive stresses on the medial and lateral cartilage of the tibial plateau articular cartilage were 9. 0 and 7.0 MPa, respectively, which were normal increase of 260.0% and 311.7%, respectively, compared with the healthy model; and the maximum compressive stresses on the medial and lateral femoral condylar cartilage were 8. 5 and 7. 8 MPa, respectively, which were 214. 8% and 271. 4% higher than the normal models, respectively. When the medial meniscus was replaced with the PCL scaffold, the maximum compressive stresses on the medial and lateral cartilage of the tibial plateau articular cartilage were 2. 7 and 1. 8 MPa, respectively, which were 8. 0% and 5. 9% higher than those of the healthy knee joint model, respectively. The maximum compressive stresses on the medial and lateral femoral condyle cartilage were 3. 0 and 2. 2 Mpa, respectively, which were 11. 1% and 4. 8% higher than the normal model. Concluson: The three-dimensional finite element model of knee joint of PCL material has good biomechanical ability, which can reduce the stress of articular cartilage of femoral condyle and tibial plateau after meniscectomy and achieve the purpose of protecting the articular cartilage.

BACKGROUND: Polymorphism of CYP3A5 gene can significantly affect the blood concentration of tacrolimus in the early period after kidney transplantation. Many studies in China are limited to the early 3 months after kidney transplantation with no concern on the long-term effect of tacrolimus in recipients. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between the polymorphism of CYP3A5 gene and tacrolimus concentration/dose (C0/D) in kidney transplant recipients, and to compare the differences among different genotypes, so as to provide an individualized drug regimen of tacrolimus after kidney transplantation. METHODS: Sixty-five adult recipients who underwent kidney transplantation and postoperative administration of tacrolimus (FK506) + mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) + prednisone (Pred) immunosuppressive therapy were divided into three groups according to their CYP3A5 genotypes detected preoperatively: CYP3A5*1/*1, *1/*3, and *3/*3 groups. The whole blood concentration of tacrolimus was monitored in all the recipients, and C0/D value was recorded in each group at different time points after surgery. The study protocol was in line with the ethical requirements of Air Force Hospital of Northern Theater Command. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were 6, 25 and 34 recipients of CYP3A5*1/*1, *1/*3 and *3/*3, respectively. The C0/D value of tacrolimus in the CYP3A5*1/*1 and *1/*3 groups was significantly lower than that in the CYP3A5*3/*3 group (P < 0.05). At 7 and 14 days after surgery, the C0/D value of tacrolimus in the CYP3A5*1/*1 group was lower than that in the CYP3A5*1/*3 group (P=0.028, P=0.034). In the CYP3A5*1/*1 group, the C0/D value of tacrolimus at 7 days after surgery was significantly lower than that at 6 months and 1 year after surgery (P=0.35, P=0.41). In the CYP3A5*1/*3 group, the C0/ D value of tacrolimus at 7 days after surgery was significantly lower than that at 3 months, 6 months and 1 year after surgery (P=0.029, P=0.07, P < 0.01), and that at 14 days and 1 month after surgery was significantly lower than that at 6 months and 1 year after surgery (P=0.04, P=0.39). In the CYP3A5*3/*3 group, the C0/D value of tacrolimus at 7 days after surgery was significantly lower than that at 3 months, 6 months and 1 year after surgery (P=0.029, P=0.03), and that at 14 days after surgery was significantly lower than that at 6 months and 1 year after surgery (P=0.022). Overall findings indicate that the polymorphism of CYP3A5 gene has a significant effect on the C0/D value of tacrolimus in kidney transplant recipients, which can be maintained for a long-term stable period after transplantation. For CYP3A5*1/*1 and *1/*3 recipients, the metabolism of tacrolimus is faster in the early stage, and the dosage of tacrolimus should be increased to maintain the target blood concentration, whereas for CYP3A5*1/*3 recipients, the dosage of tacrolimus may be moderately less than the former and the drug reduction rate should be slowed down in the later stage. CYP3A5*3/*3 recipients have a slow metabolism of tacrolimus, and should be given a small dose in the early stage, and the reduction rate should be accelerated in the later stage.

AIM: To study the relation between the antiarrthymic effect and the inhibition of slow-reaction-cardiomyocyte of ethacizine (EC). METHODS: The beating rate and action potentials of cultured slow-response-cardiomyocyte from neonatal rats was recorded. RESULTS: EC 0.1-5.0 μmol· L-1 produced a concentration-dependent suppressing effect on spontaneous beating rate of cultured cardiac cells with IC50 of 0.17 μmol· L-1 and the maximal inhibitory rate was 52%. The steady state of inhibition to beating rate was achieved after adding EC for 15-30 min. The effective inhibition of beating rate by EC lasted for over 1 h. As EC 2.5 μmol·L-1 depressed beating rate to the steady state, effects of CaCl2 2 mmol·L-1 and Iso 1 μmol·L-1 on beating rate were partially reduced, and the effect of aconitine 0.2 mg·L-1 was abolished. EC 0.3-2.5 μmol·L-1 pruduced the concentration-dependent depression on APA, Vmax, OS, SP4 and MDP, and prolongation of SCL of the slow response action potentials. APD90 was also lengthened at the concentration of EC 0.9-2.5 μmol·L-1. CONCLUSIONS: The effective depression of EC on abnormal automaticity and conductance of the slow-response-cardiomyocyte in heart ischemic zone may be an important mechanism for its effective termination on some arrhythimas. EC may depress Ca2+, especially Na+ currents on slow-response-cardiomyocyte.

Objective　To investigate neural functional recovery and intracranial vascular disease of acute cerebral infarct (ACI) patients complicated with polyvascular disease (PolyVD).Methods　Retrospective analysis was conducted on 83 ACI patients with monovascular disease and 68 ACI patients with polyvascular disease seeking hospitalization in the Neurology Department of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University from January 2019 to September 2019.The changes of intracranial artery disease and neural functional recovery of the monovascular disease group and polyvascular disease group were analyzed,and multiple factors that affect neural function recovery were analyzed.Results　(1)Compared with the monovascular disease group,the PolyVD group was found with a higher percentage of poor neural functional recovery,lower recovery rate of neural functions,and a larger number of vessels associated with the intracranial disease.The differences were statistically significan（P<0.05）.(2)The number of vessels associated with the intracranial disease and the number of vascular beds were positively correlated（P<0.05）,while the neural functional recovery rate and the number of vascular beds were negatively correlated（P<0.05）.(3)Age,medical history of diabetes and stroke,and number of vascular beds were all independent risk factors of poor neural functional recovery.Conclusions　Polyvascular disease is an independent risk factors of poor neural functional recovery among ACI patients.The higher the number of vascular beds of the disease complicated with carotid atherosclerosis is,the higher the possibility of poor neural functional recovery will be,and the worse the intracranial artery disease will be.

Objective To investigate the predictive value of Cystatin C（Cys-C） for Early Neurological Deterioration（END） in patients with incipient Acute Cerebral Infarction（ACI） that has normal renal function. Methods A total of 243 patients with primary ACI and no chronic kidney disease who were admitted to Department of Neurology，the Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University from July 2019 to July 2020 were selected. All patients were examined by CT and MR. The patients were divided into END group and non-END group according to the variation of NIHSS score within 72 hours after admission. Compare the general baseline data of the two groups of patients and the laboratory indicators examined for the first time on admission. Determine the factors that may affect the occurrence of END by univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis，and analyze the predictive value of Cys-C on the occurrence of the END of ACI by using Receiver Operating Characteristic（ROC） curve.Results Cys-C level of END group was significantly higher than that of non-END group，and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）.Logistics regression analysis suggests that Cys-C level is an independent risk factor for the END of ACI. ROC curve showed that the area under the curve of Cys-C for predicting the occurrence of ACI’s END was 0.745［95%CI（0.661，0.828）］，indicating that serum Cys-C had a moderate predictive value for the occurrence of END.The Youden index was 0.385，the predictive critical value was 1.845mg/L，the sensitivity was 65.8%，and the specificity was 72.7%.Conclusion Cys-C has predictive value for the occurrence of END，and the predictive value is relatively high.When the level of Cys-C is higher than 1.845mg/L，the probability of the occurrence of END is the highest.