Sixty diabetic patients and twenty normal controls were studied. The results showed that: 1) Counter-immuno-electrophoresis is a sensitive and simple test suitable for the detection and monitoring of diabetic microproteinuria; 2) The proteinuria in diabetic nephropathy is glomerular in origin which is supported by the finding of a marked increase in urinary albumin excretion and a normal level of urinary ?2-microglobulin; 3) The serum ?2-microglobulin appears to be a more sensitive index than serum creatinine and creatinine clearance rate for the detection of impairment of renal function in diabetic patients; 4) Diabetic nephropathy is related to glycemic control and duration of diabetes mellitus.

ObjectiveTo investigate the associations between microalbuminuria and early atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes.MethodsWe measured the combined intima-media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid arteries and the inner diameter (ID) of tibia artery with high resolution ultrasound in 30 type 2 diabetic patients,and compared with 13 age-matched non-diabetics as control.The diabetic patients were subgrouped into DM-A subjects whose urinary albumin excretion were normal,and DM-B subjects who were with microalbuminuria,and DM-C subjects who with macroalbuminuria.ResultsThe results showed that the IMT values were greater in diabetic patients than in control subjects(0.65±0.12 mm vs 0.48±0.06mm,P<0.001),and greater in group of DM-B and DM-C than in group of DM-A.The ID of tibia artery were smaller in diabetic subjects than in controls (1.98±0.49mm vs 2.45±0.30mm,P<0.01),and smaller in DM-B and DM-C group than DM-A.Besides,multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that the risk factors for IMT and ID of tibia artery of type 2 diabetes were diabetic duration,total cholesterol levels,blood pressure and urinary albumin excretion.ConclusionIt can be concluded that microalbuminuria is related to atherosclerosis at early stage of the disease process.

Observations were carried out in 10 moderately well controlled diabetic patients on their usual therapeutic regimens from 10Pm to 10Am on two days.On the control day,samples were obtained without intervention.On another day,nocturnal hypoglycemia was induced.Nocturnal hypoglycemia did not appear to cause clinically important fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia in diabetic patients.It is sug- gested that the morning hyperglycemia is not caused by Somogyi effect but dawn phenomenom.

Objective To investigate the associations between microalbuminuria and early atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes.Methods We measured the combined intima-media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid arteries and the inner diameter (ID) of tibia artery with high resolution ultrasound in 30 type 2 diabetic patients,and compared with 13 age-matched non-diabetics as control.The diabetic patients were subgrouped into DM-A subjects whose urinary albumin excretion were normal,and DM-B subjects who were with microalbuminuria,and DM-C subjects who with macroalbuminuria.Results The results showed that the IMT values were greater in diabetic patients than in control subjects (0.65 ?0.12 mm vs 0.48?0.06mm, P

Randomized control study of gemfibrozil and pantethine was made in 39 NIDDM patients to compare their effect on anti-lipid-peroxidation.The patients were divided into two groups at random. One group took gcmfibrozil 900 mg/d for 4 weeks, the ether group took pantethine 540 mg/d for 4 weeks. The results showed that there were no significant change in faslirg plasma glucose and HbA1 in both groups before and after treatment. The effects on lipicls and lipcproteins in gemfi-barozil and pantethine groups were as follows: TC decreased by 18.15% and 8.75% (P

Objective: To investigate the effects of 12-week high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on body composition, arterial stiffness(cfPWV) and serum resistin level in the obese college female students, so as to provide a theoretical reference for improving the cardiovascular health of obese college students and seeking better ways of losing weight. Methods: Thirty-seven female college students were chosen and then randomly assigned to HIIT group(n=19), MICT group(n=18). The subjects in both the HIIT group and MICT group underwent exercise for 12 weeks(five times per week). Then body composition and resistin level were measured, arterial stiffness by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) was evaluated in all subjects before and after training. Results: After 12-week exercise, body weight, BMI, body fat and trunk fat significantly decreased in both HIIT and MICT groups (t=2.19, 6.02, 2.64, -2.76, P<0.05); muscle mass significantly increased, serum resistin level and cfPWV significantly decreased (P<0.01) only in HIIT group. Compared with the MICT group, trunk fat, cfPWV, serum resistin level were lower and muscle mass was higer in HIIT group(P<0.05), while the reduction of serum resistin level before and after the intervention of HIIT was positively correlated with the reduction in the trunk fat and cfPWV, and negatively correlated with the increases in the muscle mass(r=0.52, 0.56, -0.65, P<0.01). Conclusion Both HIIT and MICT have favorable effects on body composition in obese college female students. However, HIIT is more beneficial for improving the trunk fat and arterial stiffness than MICT group which may be associated with decreases in serum resistin level.

Objective To study the clinical efficacy of sodium cantharidinate and vitamin B6 injection combined with concurrent chemoradiotherapy in treatment of locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA-NPC).Methods 115 patients with LA-NPC in Shanxi Cancer Hospital were randomly assigned to observation group (61 cases) and control group (54 cases) from February 2014 to April 2016.The patients in the observation group were treated with sodium cantharidate and vitamin B6 injection combined with concurrent chemoradiotherapy.The patients in the control group were treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy.The differences between the two groups were compared in respect of recent curative effect,the quality of life (QOL) and the adverse reactions.Results The recent effective rate was 93.44 ％ (57/61) in the observation group and 79.63 ％ (43/54) in the control group,and there was significant difference between the two groups (x2 =4.818,P =0.049).The improvement rate of QOL was 73.77 ％ (45/61) in the observation group and 53.70 ％ (29/54) in the control group,and there was significant difference between the two groups (x2 =5.028,P =0.032).The incidence rates of oral cavity mucous membrane inflammation,hematology toxicity,pharynx and esophagus adverse reactions,the gastrointestinal tract adverse reactions and skin fibrosis in the observation group were lower than those in the control group,and there were significant differences between the two groups (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The recent effect of sodium cantharidinate and vitamin B6 injection combined with concurrent chemoradiotherapy on the patients with LA-NPC is obvious.The comprehensive treatment can also reduce adverse reactions and improve the QOL.

To effectively identify the Astragalus and its adulterants based on ITS2 sequence and secondary structure, in this study, 32 portions of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus (Beg.) Hsiao and Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. collected were conducted ITS2 sequence amplification and bidirectional sequencing, whose results were then spliced by CExpress software remove the 5.8S and 28S sequences at both ends to obtain a complete ITS2 sequence. In addition, 3 ITS2 sequences for each of the adulterants of Astragalus, respectively, Oxytropis coerulea, Caragana sinica, Hedysarum polybotrys, Althaea rosea were downloaded from GenBank. The intra-specific and inter-specific genetic distances were calculated by the software MEGA7 to analyze the difference of each sequence; the Neighbor-joining (NJ) method was used to construct the phylogenetic tree based on ITS2 sequence (primary structure) as well as joint ITS2 sequence and its secondary structure. The results showed that the average ITS2 sequence length of both A. mongolicus and A. membranaceus was 216 bp, and their average GC content was 50.00% and 50.46%, respectively. The similarity of ITS2 sequence length and GC content between the two kind of Astragalus and Oxytropis coerulea was the highest, while the ITS2 sequence length and GC content of Althaea rosea showed great differences with those of Astragalus. The inter-specific distance between Astragalus and Oxytropis coerulea was the smallest, while that between the medicinal Astragalus and Hedysarum polybotrys, Caragana sinica as well as Althaea rosea was great. The phylogenetic trees constructed based on the ITS2 sequence (primary structure) and joint ITS2 sequence and its secondary structure showed that the topological relations of the two phylogenetic trees were basically the same, and both could effectively identify the Astragalus and its adulterants. What’s more, the addition of secondary structure information made end branch of the phylogenetic tree become more in its construction, and the distinguish ability and approval rating were also improved, which further reflected the genetic relationship of Astragalus and its adulterants. This provides some scientific basis for classification and accurate identification of Astragalus and its adulterants.

OBJECTIVES: To establish a method for the detection of carbamazepine and its metabolites 10,11-dihydro-10,11-epoxycarbamazepine and 10,11-dihydro-10-hydroxycarbamazepine in blood samples by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). METHODS: The blood samples were treated with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate as an extraction solvent. The samples were extracted by ultrasound-assisted extraction and separated by ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18, 95Å column. The mobile phase A aqueous solution containing 0.1% formic acid and 10 mmol/L ammonium acetate, and mobile phase B mixed organic solvent containing acetonitrile/methanol (V_acetonitrile∶V_methanol=2∶3) were used for gradient elution at the flow rate of 1.00 mL/min. An electrospray ion source in positive mode was used for detection in the multiple reaction monitoring. RESULTS: The linearities of carbamazepine and its metabolites 10,11-dihydro-10,11-epoxycarbamazepine and 10,11-dihydro-10-hydroxycarbamazepine in blood samples were good within the corresponding range, with correlation coefficients (r) greater than 0.995 6. The limits of detection were 3.00, 0.40 and 1.30 ng/mL, respectively. The limit of quantitation were 8.00, 1.00 and 5.00 ng/mL, respectively. The extraction recoveries ranged from 76.00% to 106.44%. The relative standard deviations of the intra-day and inter-day precisions were less than 16%. Carbamazepine and its main metabolite 10,11-dihydro-10,11-epoxycarbamazepine were detected in blood samples of death cases with a mass concentration of 2.71 μg/mL and 252.14 ng/mL, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This method has high sensitivity and good selectivity, which is suitable for the detection of carbamazepine and its metabolites in blood samples, and can be used for carbamazepine-related forensic identifications.
Chromatography, Liquid/methods* ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Methanol ; Carbamazepine/analysis* ; Benzodiazepines/analysis* ; Solvents ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Solid Phase Extraction

To compare the pancreatic proteomics and autophagy between Rehmanniae Radix-and Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata-treated mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM). The T2DM mouse model was established by high-fat diet coupled with streptozotocin(STZ, intraperitoneal injection, 100 mg·kg~(-1), once a day for three consecutive days). The mice were then randomly assigned into a control group, low-(5 g·kg~(-1)) and high-dose(15 g·kg~(-1)) Rehmanniae Radix groups, low-(150 mg·kg~(-1)) and high-dose(300 mg·kg~(-1)) catalpol groups, low-(5 g·kg~(-1)) and high-dose(15 g·kg~(-1)) Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata groups, low-(150 mg·kg~(-1)) and high-dose(300 mg·kg~(-1)) 5-hydroxymethyl furfuraldehyde(5-HMF) groups, and a metformin(250 mg·kg~(-1)) group. In addition, a normal group was also set and each group included 8 mice. The pancreas was collected after four weeks of administration and proteomics tools were employed to study the effects of Rehmanniae Radix and Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata on protein expression in the pancreas of T2DM mice. The expression levels of proteins involved in autophagy, inflammation, and oxidative stress response in the pancreatic tissues of T2DM mice were determined by western blotting, immunohistochemical assay, and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the differential proteins between the model group and Rehmanniae Radix/Rehmanniae Radix Prae-parata group were enriched in 7 KEGG pathways, such as autophagy-animal, which indicated that the 7 pathways may be associated with T2DM. Compared with the control group, drug administration significantly up-regulated the expression levels of beclin1 and phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin(p-mTOR)/mTOR and down-regulated those of the inflammation indicators, Toll-like receptor-4(TLR4) and Nod-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3), in the pancreas of T2DM mice, and Rehmanniae Radix showed better performance. In addition, the expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2), and heine oxygenase-1(HO-1) in the pancreas of T2DM mice were down-regulated after drug administration, and Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata demonstrated better performance. The results indicate that both Rehmanniae Radix and Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata can alleviate the inflammatory symptoms, reduce oxidative stress response, and increase the autophagy level in the pancreas of T2DM mice, while they exert the effect on different autophagy pathways.
Mice ; Animals ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics* ; Streptozocin/pharmacology* ; Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects* ; Proteomics ; Inflammation ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Autophagy ; Mammals