Objective To understand clinical characteristics of primary pulmonary cryptococcosis (PPC),so as to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods Clinical data of 32 patients who were confirmed PPC by pathological diagnosis in a hospital from January 2008 to June 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. Results All 32 cases were community-acquired infection ,26 male and 6 female (age between 17 and 62 years old, the average age was (35.53 ± 11 .29).Among 32 patients,8 had underlying diseases,2 were parturients,4 were carpenters,5 were pigeon keepers,3 were seafood transport drivers,and 10 lived in humid environment.Imaging findings:Solitary or multiple nodules and cluster shape(n=21),lobar consolidation(n=2),diffuse patchy shadow on bilateral lung (n=5),pulmonary cavity(n=3),and diffuse and mixed lesions (n=1).Pathological confirmation:di-agnosis through percutaneous lung biopsy(n=23),thoracoscopic surgery(n=7),and thoracotomy(n=2).Progno-sis:30 were cured,and 2 had marked effect.Conclusion PPC is commonly occurs in young and middle-aged immu-nocompetent persons,the onset is occult,clinical manifestations and imaging features lack specificity,can be easily misdiagnosed or omitted diagnosis,diagnosis is difficult,lack rapid diagnostic method in clinical practice,invasive pathological biopsy can be used as the basis of diagnosis;there is a controversy on therapy,adverse reaction of flu-conazol is mild,and has good therapeutic effect.

An economic and facilely prepared dopamine ( DA) sensor have been successfully fabricated by the electrodeposition of copper on single-walled carbon nanotubes ( SWNTs )/Nafion-modified glassy carbon electrode. The morphology of the material was observed by scanning electron microscopy ( SEM) and element composition of the material was investigated by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy ( EDX ) . Tests with various scan rates and pH conditions indicated that an adsorption-controlled process occured in the electrochemical system. The mechanism of the electrode reaction of dopamine involved a two-electron process which was accompanied by a deprotonation step. Electrochemical parameters were calculated with the electron transfer number as 2 . 67 , the charge transfer coefficients as 0 . 6 , the apparent heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant as 1. 38 s-1 . Under the optimal conditions with differential pulse voltammetric measurement, the linear equation was Ipa(μA)=-0. 054c (μmol/L)-3. 82(R2=0. 9988), with linear range of 5-100 μmol/L and detection limit of 0 . 0135 μmol/L ( S/N=3 ) . The main advantages of sensor included facile fabrication approach, high sensitivity, good stability and high reproducibility. The sensor was applied to the detection of DA in volunteer urine by differential pulse voltammetry with favorable recoveries of 96 . 5%-100 . 4% and relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 1. 2%-2. 4%.

Objective To evaluate the curative effect of sedation on broncholiths through bronchoscope with holmi-um laser. Methods From Jan.2008 to Dec. 2015, 12 cases with broncholiths through bronchoscope with holmium laser, male 7, female 5; the age from 35 to 64.12 cases visit a doctor when they cough, panting, haemoptysis and cough out stones. The predilection sites of bronchinal calculus: left main bronchus in 6, right middle bronchus in 4, main bronchus in 2. Thoracic computerized tomography was performed in 12 patients, which showed bronchial intra-luminal high-density shadow with distal bronchial stenosis, bronchiectasis, COPD, hilar calcifications, or mediastinal lymph node calcifications. Through bronchoscopy examination was performed in 12 cases, Broncholiths were found in 9 patients and granulomatous lesion wrapping hard lesions in 3 patients.12 cases were treated by using Dexmedeto-midine combined with Sufentanil for sedation through of bronchoscope with holmiun laser. Results All the operations were successful, the operation time 45~90 min, average 60 min . During the surgery, the patient have stable heart rate, oxygen saturation without falling, blood pressure is stable, stable hemodynamics, the patients did not complain of discomfort, without obvious heart and lung failure and other complications occurred, the operation without bleed-ing, pneumothorax, complications. All cases of postoperative respiratory system were improved after operation. The average time stay in hospital was (2.5 ± 1.4) days. Follow-up for 1~24 months (mean, 6 months) in 12 cases found no recurrence of stones and serious respiratory tract infection. Conclusions The method of Dexmedetomidine com-bined with Sufentanil for sedation on broncholiths through of bronchoscope with holmiun laser is safey, feasible and therapeutic effects were clearly, which provides a new method for the clinical on Broncholiths.

ObjectiveTo study the effects of oral administration of mannitol and intramuscular injection of anisodamine in magnetic resonance enteroclysis.Methods After complete intestinal cleaning,29 patients undergoing magnetic resonance enteroclysis were orally administered with 5% oral isotonic mannitol solution 2000 mL and treated with intramuscular injection of anisodamine before the operation.The adverse reactions were observed,the image quality was inspected and the dilatation of small bowel was detected.Results All of the patients lived through the magnetic resonance enteroclysis.Two patients contracted Crohn’s disease with mild nausea consciousness.Conclusion For magnetic resonance imaging,preoperative oral administration of 2.5% oral isotonic mannitol solution and intramuscular injection of anisodamine after complete intestinal cleaning is beneficial for fully expanding the small intestine,achieving quality imaging and therefore improving the diagnosis of small intestinal lesions.

Aiming at evidence-based medicine course of graduate students, foreign medical colleges and universities usually took in the teaching philosophy that emphasized stages (focusing on knowledge ac-cumulation) and practicality (focusing on ability training). And they put forward a lot of teaching methods which implemented the conception, such as problem-based learning, journal club, blended learning approach, online learning platform, concept mapping etc. In order to provide a useful reference for the domestic teaching reform and development, this paper introduced the teaching philosophy and related teaching meth-ods mentioned above.

Purpose: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a new class of RNA molecules whose function is largely unknown. There is a growing evidence that circRNAs play an important regulatory role in the progression of a variety of human cancers. However, the exact roles and the mechanisms of circRNAs in gastric cancer are not clear. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the mechanism of hsa_circ_0005556. Materials and Methods: Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression of hsa_circ_0005556, miR-4270, and matrix metalloproteinase-19 (MMP19) in gastric cancer tissues and cell lines. The expression of hsa_circ_0005556 in gastric cancer cells was silenced by lentivirus, and cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and tumorigenesis in nude mice were assessed to evaluate the function of hsa_circ_0005556 in gastric cancer. Results: The expression of hsa_circ_0005556 in gastric cancer tissues and gastric cancer cell lines was higher compared to normal controls. In vitro, the downregulation of hsa_ circ_0005556 significantly inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer cells. In vivo, the downregulation of hsa_circ_0005556 suppressed tumor growth in nude mice. Conclusions Our study shows that the hsa_circ_0005556/miR-4270/MMP19 axis is involved in proliferation, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer cells through the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) mechanism.