Objective To analyse the dynamic changes of cardiac diseases over the past 30 years. Method All hospitalized patients of internal medicine department over the past 30 years in the 2nd Xiangya Hospital of Central South University were analyzed in order to understand the dynamic changes of cardiac diseases. Results The results showed the proportion of the heart diseases to all medical diseases was gradually increased during the past three decades. The constitution ratio of the classification of the heart disease was also changing continuously and progressively, with coronary heart disease ranking the first and, in contrast, rheumatic heart disease the second since 1980s. Meanwhile, the number and the proportion of the patients with cardiomyopathy and arrhythmias of unknown causes were increased. Anemic heart disease and cardiovascular syphilis had been wiped out since 1980s and 1990s respectively. Conclusion Classification of cardiac diseases changes gradually and continually during the past 30 years.

Objective To explore the association of T cell immunoglobulin- and mucin-domain-containing molecule-3 (TIM-3) gene polymorphism and IFN-γ levels with the incidence of primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS) in children. Methods A case-control study was conducted and 21 Han patients with PNS were selected and included in case group. Meanwhile, 20 each from Mongolian and Han were selected and assigned into control group and at least three generations of their family members were from the same nationality. PCR-restriction fragment polymorphism analysis was used to detect and analyze single nucleotide polymorphisms of exon -574A/C in TIM-3 gene in PNS children and controls. Also the genotype and allele frequencies between the two groups were compared. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the level of serum IFN-γ and its changes was analyzed. Results There was no significant difference in the distribution of genotypes (AA, AC, CC) of exon -574A/C in TIM-3 gene between the Han and Mongolian subgroups in control group (P=0.741). Neither did the allele frequency between the two groups (P=0.655). Compared with control group (Han and Mongolian), the frequencies of AA, AC and CC genotypes were 9.52%, 28.57% and 61.90% respectively in -574A/C loci of the Han nationality children with PNS. There was significant difference in genotypes distribution between the two groups (P=0.017). The frequency of C allele in PNS children of Han nationality was 76.2% which was higher than that in normal control group (50%), and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.005). Compared with A allele carriers, the risk of PNS in C allele carriers increased by 3.20 times (95%CI: 1.39～7.37). There were no significant differences in serum IFN-γ among the Han nationality with PNS, Han and Mongolian normal control groups (P>0.05). Conclusion The single nucleotide polymorphism of the exon -574A/C of TIM-3 gene may be related to the pathogenesis of PNS in children. In addition, IFN-γ is not associated with the incidence of primary nephrotic syndrome in children.

Objective To express and purify the human scFv antibody,SA3,against the hepatoma fused to enhanced green fluorecsent protein,and to observe the targeted capacity of fusion protein EGFP-SA3 in vivo.Methods SA3 and EGFP genes were cloned into plasmid pET-25b( + )to construct the recombinant plasmid EGFP-SA3/pET-25b ( + ),followed by DNA sequencing.Then it was transformed into E.coli BL21 ( DE3 ) and induced for fusion expression of EGFP-SA3with IPTG.The expressed fusion protein EGFP-SA3 was purified and detected with SDS-PAGE.HepG2 cells were incubated with the fusion protein EGFP-SA3 in vitro,and the binding bioactivity was observed under the fluorecsent microscope.Further more,we injected the EGFP-SA3 by caudal vein into nude mice planted by hepatoma and observed the whole body fluorescence image of EGFP.Results SA3 and EGFP genes were successfully cloned into pET-25b( + ),which was confirmed by restriction enzyme Nco I-Xho I or Nco I-Eco RI.A band migrated at the position 750 bp,same to EGFP gene,emerged when recombinant plasmid was digested by restriction enzyme Nco I-Eco RI.Similarly,a band,about 1 500 bp,emerged when digested by Nco I-Xho I.The open-reading frame was confirmed by DNA sequencing.Fusion protein EGFP-SA3 was expressed as inclusion body.After purification and refolding,the result of immunofluorecsence detection verified that EGFP-SA3could specifically bind to HepG2 cells and maximum tumor penetration was at 24 h after the injection.Conclusion The purified fusion protein EGFP-SA3 has strong binding capacity to HepG2cells,indicating the scFv SA3 has a potential value as a targeting molecule for diagnosis and targeted therapy for liver cancer.

To explore the safety and efficacy of left atrial appendage (LAA) occlusion under the guidance of local anesthesia and modified transseptal puncture technology by coronary sinus assisted positioning in patients with nonvavular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). Methods: A total of 16 NVAF patients received local anesthesia and percutaneous LAmbre or Amplatzer cardiac plug occluder implantation. There were 12 males and the patients mean age was at (71.0±6.0) years with CHA2DS2-VASc score at (4.1±1.5); all patients had walfarin contradiction or with walfarin related side effect. Transseptal puncture was conducted by coronary sinus catheter as the anatomic location marker. Results: All 16 patients finished transseptal puncture and no relevant complication occurred. 15/16 (93.8%) patients had successful LAA occlusion, 1 patient was abandoned because of LAA anatomic structure variation. The mean operative time was (65.0±23.0) min and the mean X-ray exposure time was (12.0±3.0) min. The mean diameter of occluder was (32.5±6.0)mm. Conclusion: LAA occlusion was safe and effective with local anesthesia and modified transseptal puncture technology by coronary sinus assisted positioning in relevant patients.

Chongqing Medical University established respiratory system course group and implemented "organ-systems-based curriculum" (OSBC) integration teaching reform.OSBC teaching of respiratory system broke the traditional disciplinary-centred teaching pattern,adopted the disease-centred and clinicaloriented teaching curriculum.The course group carried on the comprehensive reorganization to the curriculum contents and the teaching personnel,compiled integrated teaching materials,optimized teaching methods and evaluation system.OSBC teaching of respiratory system has so far made some achievements,but the integration of different disciplines,the teaching ability of teachers and the students' coordination with OSBC courses still need to be further improved.

The requirement for unconstrained monitoring of heartbeat during sleep is increasing, but the current detection devices can not meet the requirements of convenience and accuracy. This study designed an unconstrained ballistocardiogram (BCG) detection system using acceleration sensor and developed a heart rate extraction algorithm. BCG is a directional signal which is stronger and less affected by respiratory movements along spine direction than in other directions. In order to measure the BCG signal along spine direction during sleep, a 3-axis acceleration sensor was fixed on the bed to collect the vibration signals caused by heartbeat. An approximate frequency range was firstly assumed by frequency analysis to the BCG signals and segmental filtering was conducted to the original vibration signals within the frequency range. Secondly, to identify the true BCG waveform, the accurate frequency band was obtained by comparison with the theoretical waveform. The J waves were detected by BCG energy waveform and an adaptive threshold method was proposed to extract heart rates by using the information of both amplitude and period. The accuracy and robustness of the BCG detection system proposed and the algorithm developed in this study were confirmed by comparison with electrocardiogram (ECG). The test results of 30 subjects showed a high average accuracy of 99.21% to demonstrate the feasibility of the unconstrained BCG detection method based on vibration acceleration.
Acceleration ; Ballistocardiography ; Electrocardiography ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Vibration

Objective To develop a method for monitoring unconstrained sleep respiration suitable for daily use at home, so as to realize high precision screening of sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) or other respiratory diseases without affecting normal sleep. Methods A new unconstrained measurement method using sheet-type flexible pressure sensor was proposed. This method could obtain the information of respiratory motions of the chest and abdomen by measuring the pressure fluctuations of the chest and abdomen acting on the mattress. Experiments were conducted on ten healthy subjects to confirm effectiveness of the proposed method by comparing the result of the unconstrained measurement and those of respiratory inductance plethysmography (RIP) using band sensors, respectively. Results Sheet-type flexible pressure sensor could measure the pressure fluctuations of the chest and abdomen acting on the mattress during respiration and obtain respiratory waveform and respiratory rate. The respiratory rate measured with the sheet-type flexible pressure sensor agreed with those obtained by RIP. The gender and the lying position greatly affected whether the phases of the pressure fluctuations of the chest and abdomen measured with the flexible sensor differed from those obtained by RIP. The chest respiratory finite element model was established to analyze the phase difference of respiratory movement. Conclusions Sheet-type flexible pressure sensor is effective to monitor unconstrained sleep respiration, indicating the potential to identify the SAS types. But further researches of motion decoupling are required to identify the phase difference between the chest motion and the abdomen motion, which are coupled with each other.