ⅡB. Our investigation also showed that the activity of PAS, LDH and PFK was stronger in type Ⅱ fibers than in type Ⅰ. It was concluded that each type fibers in the rat plantaris exhibit significant differences in metabolic and functional activity. The type ⅡA fibers present both high activity of glycolytie enzyme and oxidase, and reflect that these enzymes may play very important role in energy metabolism. Further study remains to bedertaken.

Objective:To investigate the influence of gender difference on the activation of platelets in septic rats.Methods: Totally 20 female and 20 male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: male sham-operated group,female sham-operated group,female septic group,and male septic group,with each group containing 10 rats.Sepsis model in the last two groups was produced by cecal ligation and puncture(CLP);rats in the sham-operated group received no CLP.The rats were sacrificed 24 hours after surgery;the blood samples were collected for blood routine test;and the serum ?-TG levels were detected by ELISA assay.Serum estrogen(E2) levels were detected by radioimmunoassay.Results: The blood platelet counts were decreased in both septic rats of both genders;the count in female rats was significantly higher than in the male rats(P

Objective To analyze and deploy in the hospital network security for guarantee hospital network and information of safety, and ensure stability operation in the hospital management information system. Methods The network environment was based on the original hospital, which was added to measures about the isolation for network security, the prevention of computer viruses and firewall, data backup and recovery, physical safety management and so on. Results After the comparatively perfect measure of network security was deployed, the security of hospital information and data was effectively protected, and the security threat was solved from the inner and outer network. Conclusion The deployment of network security prevention system can better give fully play to important function on which management information system can efficiently operate in whole hospital.

Objective To reveal the research focus of schistosomiasis in China through analyzing highly cited schistosomiasis related papers in journals from 2005 to 2012,so as to provide the information for formulating the plan of selecting topics of the edi-tors. Methods The published articles related to schistosomiasis in CNKI from 2005 to 2012 were collected,the citation frequen-cy of the papers was calculated according to formula,and the highly cited papers were selected according to the citation frequency. Then the information of highly cited papers including the published time,type,author and author affiliation,citation frequency, journal,grant and research item,research status and development tendency were analyzed. Results A total of 3 639 published papers related to schistosomiasis were searched and 343 papers(the citation frequency≥8)were selected as highly cited papers, and Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control shared 45.19%of them. Among these papers,original articles,reviews and special reports occupied 44.90%,12.54%and 6.12%,respectively. The first authors of these papers were mainly from centers for disease control and prevention(CDCs)(17.33%),research institutions(22.67%)and colleges/universities(36.00%). Totally 50.44%of the articles received financial supports from research funds/foundations,and most of them were national or provincial funds. The research hotspots focused on epidemiology and prevention,epidemic situation analysis,vaccine,immunologic diagnosis,pharma-ceutical research,immunity and infection. Conclusions The highly cited papers related to schistosomiasis are mainly from CDCs,institutions and colleges/universities. The research hotspots mainly focus on epidemiology and prevention,vaccine,immu-nology and pharmaceutical study. The related journals can use this information to chose topic and solicit contributions to improve their influence.

Objective To evaluate the effects of dexmedetomidine on lidocaine-induced apoptosis in rat cortical neurons.Methods The cortical neurons obtained from Sprague-Dawley fetal rats were seeded in 24 multiwell plates at a density of 1 × 105 cells/ml,and the cortical neurons of 80 wells were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =20 each):control group (group C),lidocaine group (group L),dexmedetomidine group (group D) and lidocaine + dexmedetomidine group (group L+ D).The cells were cultured routinely in group C.The cells were exposed to lidocaine with a final concentration of 1 mmol/L in group L.The cells were exposed to dexmedetomidine with a final concentration of 3 μmol/L in group D.The cells were exposed to lidocaine and dexmedetomidine with the final concentrations of 1 mmol/L and 3 μmol/L,respectively,in group L + D.After 4 h incubation,the neurons were subjected to DAPI staining for detection of apoptosis,and the apoptosis rate was calculated.Western blot analysis was used to measure the expression of phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt),Akt and caspase-3.Results Compared with group C,the apoptosis rate was significantly increased,the expression of p-Akt was down-regulated,and the expression of caspase-3 was up-regulated in L and L + D groups (P ＜ 0.05),while no significant changes were found in the indexes mentioned above in group D (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with group L,the apoptosis rate was significantly decreased,the expression of p-Akt was up-regulated,and the expression of caspase-3 was down-regulated in L + D group (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the expression of Akt between the four groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Dexmedetomidine can reduce lidocaine-induced apoptosis in rat cortical neurons,and activation of Akt may be involved in the underlying mechanism.

Objective To investigate the role of Akt signaling in the protective effect of dexmedetomidine preconditioning on the lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in rat .Methods Twenty-two SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:before LPS injection group(T0 group) ,1 h after LPS injection group(T1 group) ,3 h after LPS injection group(T2 group) and 6 h after LPS injection group(T3 group) ,the expression of Akt and p-Akt in the process of LPS-induced ALI was investigated . Another 54 rats were divided into 3 groups :control group(C group) ,6 hours of ALI group(ALI group) and Dexmedetomidine+ALI group(D+ ALI group) ,the expression of p-Akt in lung tissues ,the protein concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) ,apoptotic index and the pathological changes in the lung tissues were observed .Forty rats were divided into ALI group and ALI + D group to investigate the 48 h-survival ratio .Results Compared with T0 group ,the level of p-Akt expression in T1 ,T2 , T3 groups were deceased in a time-dependent manner(P<0 .05) .Compared with ALI group ,p-Akt in D + ALI group increased significantly(P<0 .05) but was still lower than that in C group(P<0 .05);the protein concentration in BALF and the apoptotic in-dex in D + ALI groups were significantly lower than those in ALI group(P<0 .05) ,but still higher than those in C group(P<0 .05) .The 48 h survival ratio was significantly decreased in D + ALI group comparing with ALI group(P<0 .05) .Conclusion Dexmedetomidine preconditioning might display protective effect via activating p-Akt signaling pathway in LPS-induced ALI .

Objective:To investigate the optimal extraction and dripping pills preparation of total terpene constituents in platycladi seed. Methods:The extraction processes of ultrasound, reflux, microwave and homogenization were investigated by single factor tests. The effects of extraction time, temperature, solid-liquid ratio and extraction times on the extraction of total terpene constituents in platy-cladi seed were investigated by orthogonal tests. Orthogonal tests were used to investigate the effects of the ratio of polyethylene glycol 6000 to poloxamer 188, the ratio of drug to matrix, the temperature of liquid and the dropping process on the quality of dropping pills. Results:The homogeneous extraction was used, and the optimum extraction conditions were as follows: the extraction time was 10 min, the temperature was 80℃, the solid-liquid ratio was 1 :10, and extraction time was once. The best preparation process of drop-ping pills was as follows:the ratio of polyethylene glycol 6000 to poloxamer 188 was 5 :1, the ratio of drug to matrix was 1 :3, the temperature of liquid was 80℃ and the dropping distance was 10 cm. Conclusion: The method of homogeneous extraction is simple, which can break the materials and extract the active ingredients simultaneously. The preparation process of dropping pills is reasonable and feasible, which is easy for the production and application.

Objective To analyze the highly cited malaria papers published in Chinese journals from 2006 to 2013,so as to provide the evidence for formulating the plan of selecting topics to the journal editors. Methods The published articles related to malaria included in CNKI and Wanfang medical network from 2006 to 2013 were collected,and the highly cited papers were selected according to the citation frequency calculated by Price’s formula. Then the characteristics of the highly cited papers were analyzed. Result From 2006 to 2013,a total of 1 976 published papers related to malaria were searched in Chinese jour?nals and 98 papers of them were selected as highly cited papers. In the highly cited papers,18 papers were published in China Tropical Medicine,and 16 and 15 papers were published in Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases and Chi?nese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control,respectively;and original articles accounted for 42.86%;the first authors of these pa?pers were from 44 institutions,and 40.91%of them were from centers for disease control and prevention(CDCs);a percentage of 22.45%of the highly cited papers received fund programs,and most of them were national or provincial funds. The research hotspots were focused on the epidemiology and control,and epidemic situation of malaria. Conclusion The highly cited papers related to malaria are mainly from CDCs and research institutions,and the related journals could use this information to chose topics and solicit contributions to improve their influence.

0.05) . Time consumed for registration and waiting for consultation, average medical care cost, time consumed for dispensing prescription and average total patients' visit time except for diagnosis and treatment were significantly less in primary-care hospitals than those in secondary-care ones( P 0.05) . Conclusions Quality of medical care service process in primary and secondary-care hospitals was perceived good by the outpatients. In general, phenomena of long queues for registration, waiting for consultation, payment, getting drugs and short time for diagnosis and treatment in outpatient departments have been improved a little bit. Medical doctors in primary-care hospitals could provide medical care service as nearly the same as that in secondary-care ones, while time consumed for registration, waiting for consultation, payment and getting drugs, as well as for a total visit was much less in primary-care hospitals.

BACKGROUND: Previous experiments have shown that transforming growth factor-?1 (TGF-?1),matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) play an important role in chronic allograft nephropathy,but the mechanisms remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression and significance of TGF-?1,MMP-2 and TIMP-1 in the renal tissues of chronic allograft nephropathy and normal renal tissues. DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING: A histological and morphological control observational experiment of cytology was performed at Pathological Laboratory of the 175th hospital from June to October 2008. PARTICIPANTS: The transplanted renal tissues extracted from 24 patients with chronic allograft nephropathy were used in the experiment,and the normal renal tissues in 10 patients were assigned as controls. METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining was performed in all the renal tissues. All the renal tissues were fixed with formaldehyde and embedded by paraffin wax. Then the sections were prepared with a thickness of 3 ?m,and were then closed with normal non-immune serum. Subsequently,the sections were incubated as follows: primary antibody,secondary antibody,streptavidin peroxidase complex,and diaminobenzidine (DAB),followed by HE counterstaining. The sections were cleared and coverslipped. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The expressions of TGF-?1,MMP-2 and TIMP-1 in the renal tissues were observed by immunohistochemical staining. The relationships among TGF-?1,MMP-2 and TIMP-1,as well as between them and the grade of chronic allograft nephropathy were analyzed. RESULTS: Qualitative analysis: The TGF-?1,MMP-2 and TIMP-1 showed strongly positive expressions in the cytoplasm and membrane of renal tubular epithelial cells in transplanted renal tissues. Quantitative analysis: There were significant differences in expression of TGF-?1,MMP-2 and TIMP-1 between in transplanted renal tissues and in normal renal tissues (P