Object To study the ultrastructure destruction of plants in the process of microwave assisted solvent extracion and its mechanism.Methods Cell structures of fresh leaves of Ginkgo biloba L. were observed by transmission electron microscpoe.Results The cell structure changed when the leaves were under microwave radiation or soaked by solvents or heated, such as plasmoysis, destruction of cell organellaes, disappearance of starch grain and so on, while the cell wall was not broken both in microwave assisted solvent extraction and in traditional heating extraction.Conclusion Microwave radiation could lead to the relaxation of the cell structures, but not be enough to make the cell wall broken.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the efficacy and safety of olanzapine combined with ziprasidone in the treatment of refrac-tory schizophrenia in elderly patients. METHODS:120 elderly patients with schizophrenia were randomly divided into control group and study group. Control group was orally treated with Olanzapine tablet 10-20 mg,once a day;study group was orally treat-ed with Ziprasidone hydrochloride capsule 80-120 mg,twice a day+Olanzapine tablet(the usage was the same as control group). The clinical efficacy in 2 groups was evaluated after 2 weeks,PANSS score,FPG,2 h PG,TC,TG,HDL-C,LDL-C,body weight, BMI before and after treatment and incidence of adverse reactions were observed. RESULTS:There were no significant difference in the total efficacy and incidence of adverse reactions between 2 groups(P>0.05). After treatment,the PANSS scores at different time point in 2 groups were significantly lower than before,and 12 weeks<8 weeks<4 weeks<2 weeks,the differences were sta-tistically significant(P<0.05),however,there was no significant difference between 2 groups(P>0.05). There were not signifi-cant differences in the indexes of blood glucose and lipid,body mass and BMI in study group before and after treatment (P>0.05);after treatment,the blood glucose after 8 and 12 weeks and LDL-C,TG,TC,body mass and BMI after 4,8 and 12 weeks in control group were significantly higher than before and study group same time,the HDL-C was significantly lower than before and research group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:The efficacy and safety of both olan-zapine combined with ziprasidone and olanzapine alone in the treatment of refractory schizophrenia in elderly patients is similar, however,it is better than olanzapine alone in terms of controlling blood glucose and lipid.

Objective To study the effect of glucose regulated protein 75(Grp75) on the alteration of Bax and NF-κB induced by glucose deprivation through the stably transfected PC12 cells with Grp75. Methods The cells of Grp75-overexpressing group and control group incubated in glucose-free DMEM medium for indicated time (6, 12, 24 and 48hours). The expression level of Grp75, Bax and the activity of NF-κB were determined by Western blotting, and the expression level of Bax was determined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting. Immunocytochemistry was performed using a conformation specific anti-Bax (6A7) antibody to detect the activation of Bax. Results The activation of Bax and the decline of NF-κB activity played important roles in the apoptosis of PC12 cells induced by glucose deprivation. Grp75 inhibited the apoptosis induced by glucose deprivation through inhibition of the activation of Bax and the decline of NF-κB activity. There was no change in Bax expression level under glucose deprivation in two groups. Conclusion The activation of Bax and the decline of NF-κB activity were associated with apoptosis of PC12 cells induced by glucose deprivation, and Grp75 provided protection to PC12 cells through inhibition of activation of Bax and maintaining activation of NF-κB.

Objective: To investigate the effects of 12-week high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on body composition, arterial stiffness(cfPWV) and serum resistin level in the obese college female students, so as to provide a theoretical reference for improving the cardiovascular health of obese college students and seeking better ways of losing weight. Methods: Thirty-seven female college students were chosen and then randomly assigned to HIIT group(n=19), MICT group(n=18). The subjects in both the HIIT group and MICT group underwent exercise for 12 weeks(five times per week). Then body composition and resistin level were measured, arterial stiffness by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) was evaluated in all subjects before and after training. Results: After 12-week exercise, body weight, BMI, body fat and trunk fat significantly decreased in both HIIT and MICT groups (t=2.19, 6.02, 2.64, -2.76, P<0.05); muscle mass significantly increased, serum resistin level and cfPWV significantly decreased (P<0.01) only in HIIT group. Compared with the MICT group, trunk fat, cfPWV, serum resistin level were lower and muscle mass was higer in HIIT group(P<0.05), while the reduction of serum resistin level before and after the intervention of HIIT was positively correlated with the reduction in the trunk fat and cfPWV, and negatively correlated with the increases in the muscle mass(r=0.52, 0.56, -0.65, P<0.01). Conclusion Both HIIT and MICT have favorable effects on body composition in obese college female students. However, HIIT is more beneficial for improving the trunk fat and arterial stiffness than MICT group which may be associated with decreases in serum resistin level.

BACKGROUND: superparamagnetic ferric oxide nanoparticle exhibits small diameter, good water solubility, histocompatibility, superparamagnetism and surface area effect, allowing the application in nuclear magnetic resonance and biomacromolecule as carriers. OBJECTIVE: To construct superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles coated by dextran (DCIONP), determine its physical and magnetic properties and evaluate the magnetic properties of tumor cells labeled by DCIONP in vitro. METHODS: The DCIONP was obtained by means of classical coprecipitation in dextran solution. Its size was determined by the transmission electron microscopy, and the crystal formation in DCIONP was measured by X-ray diffraction analysis. T2 values as well as relaxation rate were evaluated with a 1.5T MR system. After ostecsarcoma cell line MG63, hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HGP2 and rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal cells were labeled by DCIONP in vitro, the perls blue staining and the transmission electron microscopy were performed to observe intracellular iron. In addition, the change of magnetic signal intensity was measured by 1.5T MR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The iron size was 10 nm and the formation of Fe_3O_4 crystal in DCIONP was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. These nanoparticles possessed some characteristic of superparamagnetic and showed the spin-spin relaxation rate of 3.936×10~6 mol/s. After three kinds of cells were labeled by DCIONP, the nanoparticles were mainly located in nucleus, and partially in cytoplasm confirmed. The spin-spin relaxations were shortened gradually compared with increasing labeled cells. Obvious magnetic attenuation was measured at 2×10~9/L and 2×10~(10)/L labeled cells. Results show that the prepared nanoparticle with stable physical and magnetic prosperities was developed, and it is able to product characteristic magnetic attenuation on the magnetic labeled tumor cells by 1.5T MR.

Objective To study the effects of exercises training on the recovery of neurological function and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in perihematomal brain tissue after intra cerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in rats. Methods Sixty-four male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into exercises group and control group. ICH model was induced by autobiood injection. The rats in exercises group were given balance, grasping and walking exercises every day. The rats in control group exercised freely in standard cages. Neurological function in both groups was measured at the 3rd, 7th, 14th and 21st d. All the rats were sacrificed and the concentration of MMP-9 was measured with immunohistochemical method and in situhybridization. Results In both groups neurological function scores was lowest at the 3rd d, were highest at the 21st d. There was no significant difference between two groups at the 3rd d, but at the 7th, 14th and 21st d the differences between two groups were significant ( P < 0.05 ). In exercises group, MMP-9 expressed weakly at the 3rd d, and peaked at the 7th d, then declined gradually. In control group, MMP-9 expression peaked at the 3rd d, then decreased slowly. MMP-9 protein expression was in accord with mRNA. MMP-9 expression in exer-cises group was significantly different from control group on the 3rd and 7th d (P < 0.05 ) , but not at the 14th and 21st d ( P > 0.05 ). Conclusions Early exercises can inhibit the expression of MMP-9 that could play a role in protecting neurons. Daily exercises can stimulates the expression of MMP-9 so as to have a positive role in midstage of disease. MMP-9 may be involved in tissue remodelling and vascular repairing, which prompt neu-rofunction recovery.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between aged diabetes mellitus and cognitive impairment in community elders.Method 308 type Ⅱ diabetic patients, including 225 diabetes patients and 164 diabetes with hypertension patients, were random selected in our study. 225 hypertension and 186 healthy elders were random selected as controls. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was tested on each case. According to DSM-IV, all participants were classified into three groups ( normal, MCI and dementia) .Result MMSE scores in diabetes patients were lower than that in healthy controls(25. 87±3.33 vs 26. 86 ±2. 82, F = 9.62, P < 0. 01), and scores in diabetes with hypertension group (24. 68 ±4. 36 ) were much lower than that in healthy controls ( F =37. 16, P <0.01). Conclusion Senile diabetes were positive correlated with cognitive impairment. Diabetes were a risk factor of dementia in seniles. Diabetes with hypertension can increase cognitive impairment in community elders.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effectiveness and safety of nanoknife ablation guided by real-time virtual sonography (RVS) in the treatment of locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC). MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 27 patients with LAPC who attended The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from April 2018 to October 2019, and according to the treatment method, the patients were divided into combination group (12 patients treated with IRE combined with chemotherapy) and control group (15 patients treated with chemotherapy alone). The chemotherapy regimen was gemcitabine combined with tegafur, gimeracil and oteracil potassium for both groups. Adverse reactions and complications were observed for the combination group during the perioperative period, and the two groups were compared in terms of the changes in myocardial enzymes, blood amylase, and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) before treatment and at different time points after treatment, as well as remission rate (RR) and disease control rate (DCR) at 3 months after treatment and survival status during follow-up. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between groups, and the Wilcoxon test was used for comparison within each group; the Fisher’s exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups; the Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the survival status during follow-up. ResultsIn the combination group, there were 12 cases of adverse reactions and mild complications during the perioperative period, i.e., 9 Clavien-Dindo grade I cases and 3 grade II cases. All patients in the combination group experienced a transient increase in myocardial enzymes, which returned to normal within 7 days, and there were no significant changes in creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase on day 7 after treatment (P＞0.05); 9 patients had a significant increase in blood amylase on day 1 after surgery, which significantly decreased on day 7 after surgery and basically returned to normal on day 14 after surgery, and there was no significant change in blood amylase on days 7、14， and 1 month after surgery (P＞0.05). Before treatment, the level of CA19-9 was higher than the normal value in both groups, and the combination group had a significant reduction in CA19-9 at 1, 2, and 3 months after treatment (all P＜005); in the control group, the level of CA19-9 firstly decreased for a short time and then increased, while there was no significant change in CA19-9 at 1, 2, and 3 months after treatment (all P＞0.05). At 3 months after treatment, the combination group had significantly higher RR and DCR than the control group (RR: 75.0% vs 26.7%, P=0.021; DCR: 91.6% vs 53.3%, P=0043). During the median follow-up time of 13 months, compared with the control group, the combination group had significantly higher median progression-free survival time (10 months vs 5 months, P=0.014) and median overall survival time (18 months vs 10 months, P=0.034). ConclusionRVS-guided percutaneous nanoknife ablation has marked clinical effect and high safety in the treatment of LAPC and can be used as a new treatment option for patients who refuse or cannot tolerate laparotomy for ablation therapy.

3' Untranslated Regions ; Animals ; Biomarkers ; metabolism ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Survival ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Mice ; Swine ; Transcription Factors ; genetics ; metabolism

Animals ; Cognitive Dysfunction ; metabolism ; Cystatin C ; pharmacology ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; Insulin Resistance ; physiology ; Neurons ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rodentia