Objective To study the chemical constituents of Ganoderma resinaceum. Methods Chemical constituents were isolated and purified by silica gel column, Sephadex LH-20, and ODS column chromatography. The structures were identified by means of physicochemical and spectral data. Results From the CHCl3 part of the fruiting bodies of this material, eight compounds were isolated. Their structures were determined to be ergosterol (1), β-sitosterol (2), ganoderic acid E (3), ganoderic acid G (4), ganoderic acid C2 (5), ganoderic acid B (6), ganoderic acid A (7), and lucidenic acid A (8). Conclusion All the compounds were obtained from this fungus for the first time.

Aim: To prepare a novel contraceptive patch containing gestodene(GEST) and ethinylestradiol(EE), and to study the in vitro characterization and in vivo contraceptive effect. Methods: Double-layer technique was applied to sustain steady 7-day permeation flux of drugs. Polariscope examination was carried out to observe the drug distribution behavior in the patch. Uniformity, adhesion, skin irritation, release and permeation tests were conducted to evaluate in vitro characterization. Anti-implantation and anti-fertility experiments were carried out to investigate its contraceptive effect. Results: The in vitro release profiles of both drugs were in accordance with Higuchi equation. The daily permeated amount of GEST per 10 cm2 patch was about 75 μg while the amount of EE was 30 μg.The in vitro transdermal permeation of both drugs from the patches displayed a zero-order process. Permeation rate constants were 0. 377 μg/(cm2·h) for GEST, and 0. 092 μg/(cm2· h) for EE, respec-tively. After transdermal administration, the embryonic number of the test groups was zero, and the uterus coefficients of those groups were significantly reduced compared with those of the control group (P < 0. 01). Conclusion: Double-layer transdermal drug delivery system(TDDS) could allow the steady 7-day permeation flux of drugs when the drug ratio between the immediate-release layer and the reservoir layer was 1:4. In vivo charac-terization demonstrated its contraceptive effects. The prepared novel patch might be a promising non-oral contra-ceptive preparation.

Objective To evaluate the role of mitochondrial fission in anoxia-reoxygenation injury to rat hippocampal neurons.Methods Neurons were enzymatically isolated from hippocampi of newborn Sprague-Dawley rats (less than 24 h old).The primary hippocampal neurons were cultured and seeded in 25 mm × 25 mm culture flasks at a density of 7 × 105/ml.The cultured neurons were randomly assigned into 3 groups (n =18 each) using a random number table:control group (C group),anoxia-reoxygenation group (I/R group),and mitochondrial fission inhibitor mdivi-1 group (M group).In group I/R,the vehicle dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO,final concentration ＜ 0.1％) was added prior to anoxia and the cells were then incubated for 40 min.In group M,mdivi-1 (dissolved in DMSO,final concentration of DMSO ＜ 0.1％) was added prior to anoxia and the cells were then incubated for 40 min.The hippocampal neurons were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) for 6 h followed by restoration of O2 supply for 20 h.After 20 h of reoxygenation,the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (by ELISA),cell apoptosis (using flow cytometry),and expression of mitochondrial fission protein Drp1,Bcl-2 and Bax (by Western blot) were measured.The apoptosis rate and the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax were calculated.Results Compared with C group,ROS content and apoptosis rate were significantly increased,the expression of Drp1 and Bax was up-regulated,the expression of Bcl-2 was down-regulated,and the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax was decreased in I/R group (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with I/R group,ROS content and apoptosis rate were significantly decreased,the expression of Drp1 and Bax was down-regulated,the expression of Bcl-2 was up-regulated,and the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax was increased in M group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Mitochondrial fission is involved in anoxia-reoxygenation injury to rat hippocampal neurons via mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of motor imagery therapy in treating neurogenic bladder dysfunction after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI).Methods Seventy patients with neurogenic bladder control problems after SCI were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group using a random number table.All patients of the two groups were given general bladder function intervention,including intermittent catheterization,inducing voiding by reflex detrusor contraction,Credé's maneuver urination,etc.Additionally,the patients in the experimental group were given supplemental motor imagery therapy.The times of urinary incontinence,average bladder capacity,maximum voided volume and residual urine volume of the two groups were measured before treatment and at 2 months after treatment.The two groups' outcomes were quantified using a quality of life (QOL) score.Results Incidents of urinary incontinence,average bladder capacity,residual urine volume,voided volume and the QOL score showed significant improvements in both groups,but the experimental group showed better improvements than the control group.The differences were statistically significant.Conclusion The combination of general bladder function intervention with motor imagery therapy can improve the voiding function of patients with neurogenic bladder disorders after SCI more significantly and enhance their QOL.

Based on public information on projects of medical and health technology development program in Shandong province,this article analyses the project approvals in Shandong medicine and health technology development program from 2005 to 2009.Characteristics in terms of project category,funding amount,host institution,subject distribution,etc.are presented,so as to provide reference for the relevant policy makers.

Objective To discuss the effect of Xinxibao to rotavirus enteritis sufferers' humoral immunologic functions. Methods 260 cases rotavirus enteritis sufferers' immunoglobulin and its alexin were measured. Except conventional therapy, the treatment group plus the Xinxibao to cure, and observe two sufferer teams' clinical curative effect and the change of immunologic function. Results The acute stage sufferers' blood serum IgG, IgM, IgA, C3 were lower obviously, C4 didn't have obvious change, the activity ratio of the treatment group(81.6 % ) is obviously higher than the control group (63.5 % ). At the same time, the treatment group IgG, IgM, IgA, C3 rose obviously than before,C4 had no change. Conclusion The rotavirus enteritis sufferers' immunologic functions are disorder,Xinxibao is useful to shorten the treatment of the sufferers, and strengthen sufferers' immunologic functions in the restoration stage.

Objective To know the academic background of the researchers granted by state elevenfive programs in population and health.Methods Using the BibliometriCS the obtained data were analyzed statistically.Result The 135 prineiole investigators(PIs)totally published 5154 papers.47.42% of them were published in high level Journals and the universities and institutes accounted for 90% of 5154 published papers together.The first three authors for the PIs in the papers were relatively higher than nonPIs.The percentage of discipline compatibility between published papers and the projeets reached 91.05%.Conclusions The result of bibliometrics analysis indicated that most projeet PIs had a solid research background and high academic influence in their careers.

Objective To observe the effect of pulmonary function training instrument combined with resistance abdominal breathing training on respiratory function recovery of patients with cervical spinal cord injury.Methods Sixty cases of patients with cervical spinal cord injury were randomly divided into the research group(n=30)and the control group(n=30).The control group adopted sputum drainage nursing , abdominal breathing training and the comprehensive rehabilitation treatment such as limbs functional rehabilitation training , while the research group used pulmonary function training instrument combined with resistance abdominal breathing training in addition for eight weeks .Forced vital capacity ( FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1.0), maximal voluntary ventilation ( MVV) and the detected rate of pulmonary pathogens were observed and compared.Results The FVC, FEV1.0, MVV was respectively (68.6 ±11.3)%, (75.8 ± 9.3)%and ( 67.4 ±11.6 )% in the research group after eight weeks , and ( 60.1 ±14.9 )%, ( 64.3 ± 13.2)%and (57.8 ±13.5)%in the control group, with statistically significant differences (t=2.78,2.52, 2.61, respectively;P<0.05).The rate of pulmonary pathogens was 6.67%(2/30) in the research group and 30.00%(9/30) in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2 =21.23,P<0.05). Conclusions Pulmonary function training instrument combined with resistance abdominal breathing training can improve respiratory function recovery and reduce infection rate in patients with cervical spinal cord injury .

Objective To investigate positive picobirnaviruses(PVBs)infection and its association with unex-plained diarrhea in children. Methods From January to December 2015,the Clinical Microbiology Testing Center of Xuzhou Central Hospital as the sampling location,7 PVB reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction(RT - PCR)- positive fecal samples with diarrhea were collected from children under 6 years old and 4 samples from healthy chil-dren were obtained and all the samples were analyzed by viral metagenomics to investigate the relationship between PVBs and diarrhea in children. Phylogenetic analysis of RdRp in the isolated PVB sequences was carried out to clarify the relationship between PVB classification and diarrhea. Results All the 7 diarrhea feces contained high titers of PVB sequences,while 3 of the controls were negative,and 1 with low titers of PVB. RdRp analysis was carried out on the iso-lated PVB sequences,which displayed that 7 RdRp sequences caming from 7 fecal samples separately,so named ChXz- 1 to ChXz - 7 respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on the predicted amino acid sequences of RdRp from this study and whole RdRp sequences available in the GenBank database indicated that the 7 RdRp sequences belonged to 3 genogroups,in which ChXz - 1,ChXz - 2,ChXz - 3 belonging to genogroup Ⅰ,ChXz - 4,ChXz - 5,ChXz - 7 belong-ing to genogroup Ⅱ,and ChXz - 6 belonging to genogroup Ⅲ. Conclusions PVBs might be the cause of diarrhea in children in this study,and all the 3 different PVBs may lead to diarrhea.

OBJECTIVETo establish chromatographic fingerprints of triterpenoid compounds in ganoderma RP-HPLC for the quality control of ganoderma.

METHODHPLC fingerprints were established. The chromatographic conditions were as follows: the separation was performed on a Diamonsil C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm), using a gradient elution with acetonitrile-water containing 0.8% perchloric acid as the mobile phases. The flow rate was 0.9 mL x min(-1), the detection wavelength was 254 nm and the temperature of column was at ambient temperature. The common patterns of HPTLC and HPLC fingerprints were separately obtained through "Chromafinger" solution software, and quality assessments were analyzed by similarity.

RESULTThe HPLC fingerprint pattern of G. lucidum consists of 18 peaks, among them 6 peaks were identified by chemical reference substances.

CONCLUSIONThis study provided theory and experimental data in order to comprehensively evaluate the quality of ganoderma.