OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinical efficacy of metadoxine combined with tiopronin in the treatment of alcoholic liver disease.METHODS:In retrospective study,70 patients with alcoholic liver disease were selected from Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital and Taiyuan Third People's Hospital during Oct.2013-Dec.2015,and then divided into treatment group and control group with 35 cases in each group according to therapy plan.Control group was additionally given Tiopronin enteric-coated tablet 0.2 g,po,tid,based on routine treatment;treatment groups was additionally Metadoxine tablet 1.0 g,po,bid,on the basis of control group.Both groups received treatment for 6 weeks.Serum indicators as ALT,AST,γ-GT,TBIL,TC,TG and A/G and serum hepatic fibrosis indicators as Ⅳ-C,HA and Ln were observed in 2 groups before and after treatment as well as the diameters of MPV and SPV,spleen thickness and clinical efficacy.The occurrence of ADR was recorded.RESULTS:The serum levels of ALT,AST,y-GT,TBIL,TC and TG were decreased significantly in 2 groups,while A/G level was increased significantly;above indicators of treatment group were more significant than those of control group,with statistical significance (P＜0.05).Serum levels of Ⅳ-C,HA,Ln,MPV,SPV and spleen thickness in treatment group were significantly decreased and lower than in control group,with statistical significance (P＜0.05).Total response rate of treatment group (94.29％) was significantly higher than that of control group (62.86％),with statistical significance (P＜0.05).No obvious ADR was found in 2 groups.CONCLUSIONS:Metadoxine combined with tiopronin shows good therapeutic efficacy for alcoholic liver disease with good safety.

Objective To study proteome variation between uropathogenic E. coil (UPEC)132, UPEC J96 and non-uropathogenic E. coli K-12 MG1655. Methods Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis(2-DE) was applied to compare the differential expression proteins between UPEC 132, UPEC J96 and non-uro-pathogenic E.coli K-12 MG1655. The differential expression proteins were digested in gel by enzyme. The mass of generated peptides were measured by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). The data obtained from peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) were re-searched using the internet available database. Results The number of protein spots recognized from UPEC 132 was 466±11, significantly more than that of E. coli K-12 MG1655 (338±15) and UPEC J96 (382±12); there were 298 protein spots shared by the three E.coli strains, 56 protein spots shared by two UPEC strains, and 89 protein spots characterized by UPEC 132. Twenty-two differential expression or significantly increased expression protein spots, involved in virulence factors, metabolism and transportation, regulation of protein synthesis, biological oxidation and unknown functions, were successfully identified by MALDI-TOF-MS. Condusion The proteome from UPEC 132 and non-uropathogenic E. coli K-12 MG1655, or UPEC 132 and UPEC J96 was differentially expressed. It will provide important information on the pathogen-esis of UPEC 132.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of pleural effusion caused byMycoplasma pneumoniae in children.MethodsThe clinical data from children with pleural effusion caused byMycoplasma pneumoniae were retrospectively analyzed. Differences of clinical characteristics in children with pleural effusion caused byMycoplasma pneumoniae infection and non-Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection were compared. Moreover, multiple logistic regression analysis was performed on the factors that were identified to have statistical differences in single factor analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was performed and the diagnostic boundary value of each factor and the diagnostic accuracy of the regression model were calculated.ResultsThere were statistical differences between children with pleural effusion caused byMycoplasma pneumoniae infection and by non-Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in age, white blood cell count, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), levels of IgA and IgM, and the proportion of multiple nuclei, glucose and lactic acid (LAC) in pleural effusion, pleural thickening, and formation of ifbrous separation (allP??3.92 years, serum IgM?>?1.29 g/L, LDH?>?367 U/L and pleural effusion LAC?

AIM: To investigate the effect of L-arginine (L-Arg) on intimal proliferation and expression of related cell cycle regulatory factors after vascular injury in rats. METHODS: Rats were divided into three groups :sham operation group, balloon injury group(this group included balloon 48 h,7 d and 14 d subgroup) and balloon+L-Arg group. Neointima area were calculated morphologiocally. The expression of cyclin dependent kinase-2(CDK2),cyclin E and proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were measured by means of immunohistochemical technique and computer image analyzer. RESULTS: After vascular balloon injury, the level of plasma NO decreased, CDK2、cyclin E and PCNA expressed in the media at 48 h and in the neointima at 7 d and 14 d but with low and undetected expression in the media, the expression of CDK2, cyclin E and PCNA increased with the intima thickening. Compared with balloon 14 d group, the plasma NO level increased (P＜0.01）, the neointima area reduced by 59.1%(P＜0.01) and the positive expression indexes of CDK2, cyclin E and PCNA decreased by 36.1%, 46.3% and 76.2% respectively in balloon+L-Arg group (P all＜0.01）. CONCLUSION: L-Arg can effectively repress intima proliferation after vascular injury, which may be associated with its inhibiting the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cell through downregulating the excessive expression of CDK2, cyclin E and PCNA.

With the rapid development of instrument technology , Raman spectrometer has become one of the fastest growing type of instrument in the molecular spectroscopy . In recent years , Raman spectrometer gradually emerging in the application in the domain of biology and medicine , Raman spectroscopy technology appears new development constantly in the rapid identification and classification of microorganisms because of its rapid , efficient, sensitive, noninvasive, repeatability and other unique advantages.This article describes its application in the rapid detection of bacteria , viruses and other microorganisms , and also prospects for the application of Raman spectroscopy in future clinical work .

As a novel,label-free and non-invasive detection modality,terahertz(THz,1THz=1012 Hz)spectroscopy has been widely used in various areas.For instance,in the biomedical field,it has great potentials to provide real-time scanning of living cells and tissues due to its unique advantages.Significant achievements have been reached in cell detection, related to bacterial identification, cancer cell characterization and blood cell detection.In tissue detection, the THz spectroscopy can be used to provide real-time scanning of living tissues and fast diagnosis.Furthermore, a single system which integrated THz spectroscopy and THz imaging would be able to collect information more sensitive and comprehensive. However,the clinical adaption of THz spectroscopy is still a controversial issue attributed to some intrinsic limitations and technical bottlenecks.In this article, both the application of THz spectroscopy in cell and tissue detection and the existing challenges and strategies to accelerate clinical applications were reviewed comprehensively.

Objective To explore the effective management method of venous-access port related blood infection in the children with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.Methods A retrospective analysis investigated venous-access port related blood infection in the hematopoietic stem cell transplantation children who were admitted to the centre of hematology oncology,Beijing Children′s Hospital,Capital Medical University from June 2013 to June 2014.The Plan-Do-Check-Action (PDCA)cycle management approach was applied to find the fundamental cause of venous-access port related blood infection.The plan was made.The appropriate measures were taken on the transplantation children with implantable venous-access ports after July 2014,which was supervised and inspected.Finally,the experience was summarized.Results From July 2014 to July 2015 there were 26 transplantation children with implantable venous-access ports.No venous-access port related blood infection was found in the 26 children.Conclusions The PDCA cycle decreases the occurrence of venous-access port related blood infection in the transplantation children significantly.It is an effective method to improve nursing safety and quality management.

Objective To investigate the antimicrobial resistance profile of the clinical isolates collected from selected hospitals across China. Methods Twenty-nine general hospitals and five children's hospitals were involved in this program. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out according to a unified protocol using Kirby-Bauer method or automated systems. Results were interpreted according to CLSI 2017 breakpoints. Results A total of 190 610 clinical isolates were collected from January to December 2017, of which gram negative organisms accounted for 70.8％ (134 951/190 610) and gram positive cocci 29.2％ (55 649/190 610). The prevalence of methicillin-resistant strains was 35.3％ in S. aureus (MRSA) and 80.3％ in coagulase negative Staphylococcus (MRCNS) on average. MR strains showed much higher resistance rates to most of the other antimicrobial agents than MS strains. However, 91.6％ of MRSA strains were still susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, while 86.2％ of MRCNS strains were susceptible to rifampin. No staphylococcal strains were found resistant to vancomycin. E. faecalis strains showed much lower resistance rates to most of the drugs tested (except chloramphenicol) than E. faecium. Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) was identified in both E. faecalis and E. faecium. The identified VRE strains were mainly vanA, vanB or vanM type based on phenotype or genotype. The proportion of PSSP or PRSP strains in the non-meningitis S.pneumoniae strains isolated from children decreased but the proportion of PISP strains increased when compared to the data of 2016. Enterobacteriaceae strains were still highly susceptible to carbapenems. Overall, less than 10％ of these strains (excluding Klebsiella spp.) were resistant to carbapenems. The prevalence of imipenem-resistant K. pneumoniae increased from 3.0％ in 2005 to 20.9％ in 2017, and meropenem-resistant K. pneumoniae increased from 2.9％ in 2005 to 24.0％ in 2017, more than 8-fold increase. About 66.7％ and 69.3％ of Acinetobacter (A. baumannii accounts for 91.5％) strains were resistant to imipenem and meropenem, respectively. Compared with the data of year 2016, P. aeruginosa strains showed decreasing resistance rate to carbapenems. Conclusions Bacterial resistance is still on the rise. It is necessary to strengthen hospital infection control and stewardship of antimicrobial agents. The communication between laboratorians and clinicians should be further improved in addition to surveillance of bacterial resistance.

Objective To understand the changing distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Proteus,Morganella and Providencia in hospitals across China from January 1,2015 to December 31,2021 in the CHINET Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program.Methods Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out following the unified CHINET protocol.The results were interpreted in accordance with the breakpoints in the 2021 Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)M100(31 st Edition).Results A total of 32 433 Enterobacterales strains were isolated during the 7-year period,including 24 160 strains of Proteus,6 704 strains of Morganella,and 1 569 strains of Providencia.The overall number of these Enterobacterales isolates increased significantly over the 7-year period.The top 3 specimen source of these strains were urine,lower respiratory tract specimens,and wound secretions.Proteus,Morganella,and Providencia isolates showed lower resistance rates to amikacin,meropenem,cefoxitin,cefepime,cefoperazone-sulbactam,and piperacillin-tazobactam.For most of the antibiotics tested,less than 10％of the Proteus and Morganella strains were resistant,while less than 20％of the Providencia strains were resistant.The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales(CRE)was 1.4％in Proteus isolates,1.9％in Morganella isolates,and 15.6％in Providencia isolates.Conclusions The overall number of clinical isolates of Proteus,Morganella and Providencia increased significantly in the 7-year period from 2015 to 2021.The prevalence of CRE strains also increased.More attention should be paid to antimicrobial resistance surveillance and rational antibiotic use so as to prevent the emergence and increase of antimicrobial resistance.

Objective To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles of the common pathogens isolated from urine from 2015 to 2021 in the CHINET Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program.Methods The bacterial strains were isolated from urine and identified routinely in 51 hospitals across China in the CHINET Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program from 2015 to 2021.Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by Kirby-Bauer method,automatic microbiological analysis system and E-test according to the unified protocol.Results A total of 261 893 nonduplicate strains were isolated from urine specimen from 2015 to 2021,of which gram-positive bacteria accounted for 23.8％(62 219/261 893),and gram-negative bacteria 76.2％(199 674/261 893).The most common species were E.coli(46.7％),E.faecium(10.4％),K.pneumoniae(9.8％),E.faecalis(8.7％),P.mirabilis(3.5％),P.aeruginosa(3.4％),SS.agalactiae(2.6％),and E.cloacae(2.1％).The strains were more frequently isolated from inpatients versus outpatients and emergency patients,from females versus males,and from adults versus children.The prevalence of ESBLs-producing strains in E.coli,K.pneumoniae and P.mirabilis was 53.2％,52.8％and 37.0％,respectively.The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant strains in E.coli,K.pneumoniae,P.aeruginosa and A.baumannii was 1.7％,18.5％,16.4％,and 40.3％,respectively.Lower than 10％of the E.faecalis isolates were resistant to ampicillin,nitrofurantoin,linezolid,vancomycin,teicoplanin and fosfomycin.More than 90％of the E.faecium isolates were ressitant to ampicillin,levofloxacin and erythromycin.The percentage of strains resistant to vancomycin,linezolid or teicoplanin was＜2％.The E.coli,K.pneumoniae,P.aeruginosa and A.baumannii strains isolated from ICU inpatients showed significantly higher resistance rates than the corresponding strains isolated from outpatients and non-ICU inpatients.Conclusions E.coli,Enterococcus and K.pneumoniae are the most common pathogens in urinary tract infection.The bacterial species and antimicrobial resistance of urinary isolates vary with different populations.More attention should be paid to antimicrobial resistance surveillance and reduce the irrational use of antimicrobial agents.