Our understanding of the immunological mechanisms of rejection has greatly improved over the past 10 years. The allografts have maintained long survival without immunosuppressive treatment in the several organ-transplant recipients combined with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The authors attributed the successful outcome to the cotransplantation of donor stem cells. The review will analyze firstly conditions of the recipients, and then review the theoretical basis and history regarding donor-specific tolerance of allograft, and it will also clarify that there is no direct link between the donor-specific transplantation tolerance and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Objective To study the effects of purified rabies vaccine for human use (RV) on specific Th1/Th2 cytokines in human. Methods Twenty cases were injected intramuscularly with 5 full doses of RV. PBMCs were isolated from the blood sample collected at day 0, 14, 45 after the RV inoculation. Neutralizing antibody was determined by ELISA, and the proliferation of lymphocyte by in vitro test. The levels of RV specific IFN-γ, TNF, IL-2,IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 in the culture supernatants were detected by cytometric bead array (CBA). Results The neutralizing antibody was tested positive in 19 cases 45 days after inoculation and 1 case after 60 days, with the positive rate reaching 100%. After stimulation with RV, the lymphocyte transformation index at day 14, 45 in cases were significantly higher than those day of 0 (P< 0.05), and similar results were confirmed with IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5 tested by CBA (P<0.05). Condusion The RV could induce humoral and antigen-specific cellular immune responses in human, tested by showing good protective effect on rabies virus.

Objective To screen the liver cell proteins interacting with the novel protein encoded by the 2.2 kb singly spliced variant of hepatitis B virus genome. Methods The splicing-specific gene TPss generated by the 2.2 kb singly spliced variant of HBV genome was amplified by PCR and cloned into the bait vector pGBKT7. After exclusion of self-activatian capacities of TPss protein, a two-hybrid library screening was performed using a pre-transformed human liver cDNA library to screen the liver cell proteins interacting with TPss. Mammalian two-hybrid assay was also done to further confirm the interactions between the bait and prey proteins in Huh7 and HepG2 hepatacytes. Results TPss gene with the size of 336 bp was successfully amplified and cloned, and the TPss protein expressed well in AHI09 yeast cells. Four liver cell proteins interacting with TPss, i. e. , cathepsin B, epoxide hydrolase 1, cathepsin D and fibrinogen gamma chain, were screened by yeast two-hybrid assay and further confirmed by mammalian two-hybrid assay. Conclusion TPss could interact with liver cell proteins.

Objective To explore the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on the motor function of lower limbs of patients with cerebral infarction.Methods Sixty stroke survivors with lower limb dysfunctionwere randomly assigned to an rTMS treatment group or a control group,each of 30.Both groups were given routine medication and rehabilitation treatment,while the treatment group was additionally provided with 4 weeks of rTMS treatment of the contra-lesional M1 at 1 Hz and 90％ motor threshold.The Fugl-Meyer motor assessment (FMA) and maximum walking speed (MWS) were used to assess both groups before and after the treatment and 2 weeks later.Adverse reactions were also recorded.Results Before the intervention,no differences were found between the two groups.After the treatment and two weeks after that,significant improvement was observed in the average FMA and 10 m MWS of both groups,with significantly more improvement in the treatment group than among the controls.No obvious adverse reactions were observed in either group.Conclusions rTMS can improve the motor function of the affected lower limbs of stroke patients safely.

Objective To explore the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) by detecting serum levels and the colonic mucosa expression of inflammatory cytokines,peptide YY (PYY),and claudin-1,and to analyze their correlation.Methods From April 2013 to April 2015,50 outpatients with IBS and 20 healthy controls were selected.Serum levels of PYY,interleukin (IL)-10,tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and claudin-1 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The expression of IL-10,TNF-α,PYY and claudin-1 in colonic mucosa was determined by immunohistochemistry.Single factor analysis of variance,least significant difference (LSD) method,chi-square test,and Pearson correlation analysis were performed for statistical analysis.Results Among the 50 patients with IBS,27 cases were diarrhea-type irritable bowel syndrome (D-IBS),and 23 cases were constipated-type irritable bowel syndrome (C-IBS).The serum level and the positive expression rate of PYY in colonic mucosa of D-IBS group were significantly higher than those of healthy control group ((16.28± 2.75) ng/L vs (10.12± 1.55) ng/L;66.7 ％ (18/27) vs 30.0 ％ (6/20)),and the differences were statistically significant (LSD-t=10.19,x2 =6.182,both P＜0.05).The serum level and the positive expression rate of IL-10 in colonic mucosa of D-IBS group were both significantly lower than those of healthy control group ((2.95 ±0.24) ng/L vs (3.58±0.35) ng/L;22.2％(6/27) vs 50.0％ (10/20)),and the differences were statistically significant (LSD-t =4.52,x2=3.948,both P＜0.05).The serum level and the positive expression rate of TNF-α in colonic mucosa of D-IBS group were both significantly higher than those of healthy control group ((8.73±0.41) ng/L vs (7.73±0.51) ng/L;66.7％(18/27) vs 30.0％(6/20)),and the differences were statistically significant (LSD-t=8.43,x2 =6.182,both P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference between C-IBS group and healthy control group in the serum levels of PYY ((10.24±1.34) ng/L vs (10.12± 1.55) ng/L),IL-10 ((3.43 ± 0.71) ng/L vs (3.58 ± 0.35) ng/L),TNF-α ((7.81±0.26) ng/L vs (7.73 ±0.51) ng/L),and thus the positive expression rate in colonic mucosa (39.1％(9/23) vs 30.0％(6/20),56.5％(13/23) vs 50.0％(10/20),34.8％ (8/23) vs 30.0％(6/20);all P＞0.05).The serum level of claudin-1 and its positive expression rate of PYY,IL-10,TNF-α in colonic mucosa in D-IBS group were both lower than those of healthy control group ((94.44 ± 6.61) ng/Lvs (103.64 ± 5.47) ng/L;11.1％ (3/27) vs 40.0％ (8/20)),and the differences were statistically significant (LSD-t=5.76,x2 =5.349;both P＜0.05).However,the serum level of claudin-1 and its positive expression rate in colonic mucosa in C-IBS group were both higher than those of healthy control group ((115.54±3.42) ng/L vs (103.64±5.47) ng/L;73.9％ (17/23) vs 40.0％(8/20)),and the differences were statistically significant (LSD-t=5.56,x2 =5.055;both P＜0.05).The serum levels of IL-10 and PYY,TNF-α and claudin-1 were negatively correlated in the D-IBS group (r=-0.874 and -0.863,both P＜0.05).While the serum levels of TNF-α and PYY,IL-10 and claudin-1 were positively correlated (r =0.865 and 0.876,both P＜ 0.05).Conclusions There may be the imbalance of proinflammatory factors and anti-inflammatory factors in IBS patients.PYY may decrease the expression of claudin-1 by promoting IL-10 and inhibiting TNF-α,and thus ameliorate the inflammation reaction of IBS patients.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) are common gynecologic endocrine diseases, and their etiology, pathology, diagnosis and treatment are related but also distinguishing. Some patients have PCOS and DUB at the same time, which is difficult to cure. Professor ZHANG Liang-ying has treated these patients with staging treatment based on syndrome differenciation, and has received desiable efficacy.

Objective To observe the effects of therapy of tonifying kidney and replenishing essence on protein expression profile in testes of aged rats.Methods Twenty male SD rats with 22 months old were equally randomized into the blank control group and the treatment group.The treatment group received gastric gavage of herbs at the dose of 0.05g?kg-1.d-1,which has the actions of tonifying kidney and replenishing essence.The treatment lasted 60 days.After treatment,the right testes were taken out from the rats,and the differentially expressed proteins in the rats testes of two groups were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis(2-DE).Results Compared with the model group,obvious changes were found in 7 kinds of differentially expressed proteins in rats testes of the treatment group,of which 4 kinds were up-regulated and 3 down-regulated.After digestion and identification by the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrum,5 kinds from the 7 kinds of proteins were identified as phosphatidyl ethanolamine-binding protein(PEBP),heat shock 70 kDa protein 8,triose-phosphate isomerase,glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GAPDH),and glutathione S-transferase Mu 1(GSTM1-1).Conclusion The anti-aging mechanism of therapy of tonifying kidney and replenishing essence is probably related with the regulation of testis protein expression in aged rats.

Professor ZHANG Liang-ying in Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine conducted TCM adjuvant therapy for in vitro fertilization - embryo transfer (IVF-ET) of infertility patients, which has obtained satisfactory results. The use of kidney-based, disease differentiation combined with the treatment, emphasizing preoperative conditioning, psychological adjustment, and appropriate choice, can help improve the IVF-ET pregnancy rate and complications of many problems.

Objective To research the value of using constant circling individual training program to improve surgery clinical skills of clinical medical specialty interns.Method 42 interns were divided into 3 groups:A(excellent),B(medium) and C(poor) according to their scores in entrance clinical skill test and each group would perform respective training program including conventional training,unified intensive training and intensive training in person.Their performance would be scored six times during the whole process of training.Results Compared with the final scores with beginning scores,the number of students scored A increased significantly meanwhile the number of students scored C decreased obviously.Conclusion The constant circling individual training program combined with effective unified test can benefit improving the surgery clinical skills of the interns of clinical medicine.

To explore the long-term effects of L-T4 treatment on physical and intellectual development in neonatal congenital hypothyroidism(CH) patients during adolescence and adulthood.14 out of 15 patients,aged 15-31 years old,including 9 males and 6 females,were diagnosed by neonatal screening for congenital hypothyroidism.(1) By treatment for 10 years until adolescence,return visit ages were 12.6-18.1 years old,the height of patients were normal in 14 cases,weight normal in 8 cases,and overweight in 6 cases.Only the first patient of neonatal screening for congenital hypothyroidism height 154 cm,weight of 43.5 kg,which were below the standard.Bone age by X-ray showed 9 normal,1 case of rapid development,4 cases with left wrist bone age retardation.IQ combined Raven's test(CRT) showed 3 cases excellent,7 cases normal,3 cases borderline,and 2 cases low.(2)Treatment for more than 20 years to adulthood,9 cases of return visits (8 cases were screened out) by 23-31 years of age,with 5 males and 4 females,height and bone age were all normal,normal weight,only 2 cases BMI slightly overweight.As to IQ,good were in 7 cases,mild retardation in 2 cases.7 patients received above average education;they were all employed except one.The employed patients were all capable for their jobs.In summary,screening out of 8 patients,1 case were of mild mental retardation (12.5％);while 7 patients(87.5％),both in physical and intellectual levels were as those of the normal population.