Objective To study the diagnosis and treatment of neuroendocrine carcinoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, and analyse the influencing factors of suvival and prognosis. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the diagnosis and treatment process of 14 patients with sinonasal neuroendocrine carcinoma (SNEC) admitted in The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from 2007 to 2011. All patients were followed up to learn the survival status of them.Results All patients were followed up for one year up to six years except 2 patients who gave up treatment. Five patients died and six survived with good tumor control in the followed up period. Two patients received only endoscopy surgery, and one of them died from lung metastasis in 21 months after operation, and the other one survived with good tumor control, the disease free survival (DFS) was 9 months . Eight patients were treated by endscopy surgery and /or chemo-radiotherapy, three cases died in following-up period, and five of them survivied with good tumor control, and the disease free survival was 20.25 months.Two patients with transcatheter arterial infusion chemotherapy survivied with good tumor control within the follow up period,and the DFS was 25.5 months.Five patients had moderately differentiated SNEC and DFS was 25.5 months. Seven patients had poorly differentiated SNEC with DFS 14.6 months. Six patients were T4N0M0, four patients were T3N0M0, two patients T2N0M0, and their DFS were 19 months, 12.8 months and 33 month, respectively. Conclusions Surgery with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy is the current treatment method for sinonasal neuroendocrine carcinoma. Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma with poor differiation displays highly aggressive and poor prognosis. Diagnosis and treatment in early stage is important for good prognosis.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Qingxuan Zhike granules in improving cough symptoms and shortening the course of influenza (wind-heat invading lung) in children.Methods:In this multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial, a total of 240 outpatient influenza patients from 7 hospitals, including the First Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, from April 2023 to December 2023 were collected.The subjects were randomly divided into the control group and the experimental group via SAS software using the block randomization method.The differences between two groups were compared with t test, corrected t test and χ2 test.Subjects in the control group were given Oseltamivir phosphate granules, orally, twice a day (weight ≤15 kg, 30 mg/time; weight >15-23 kg, 45 mg/time; weight >23-40 kg, 60 mg/time; weight >40 kg, 75 mg/time; age≥13 years, 75 mg/time).In addition to Oseltamivir phosphate granules, subjects in the experimental group were also given Qingxuan Zhike granules, orally, 3 times a day (1-3 years old, 1/2 bag each time; >3-6 years old, 3/4 bag each time; >6-14 years old, 1 bag each time).After 5 days of treatment, the medication was suspended for 2 days.The effect of cough, antipyretic effect, clinical recovery rate, clinical recovery time, Canadian Acute Respiratory Illness and Flu Scale (CARIFS) score, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome effect, complication rate, and adverse reactions were evaluated between the two groups. Results:Finally, 232 cases were included in the study, including 115 cases in the experimental group and 117 cases in the control group.Before and after treatment, there were no significant difference in CARIFS cough score between the experimental group and the control group (all P>0.05).After treatment, the change in CARIFS cough score in the experimental group [(-1.00±0.91) scores]was significantly higher than that in the control group [(-0.75±0.98) scores] ( t=-1.995, P=0.047).After treatment, the change in TCM syndrome cough score in the experimental group [(-1.69±1.51) scores] was significantly higher than that in the control group [(-0.97±1.63) scores] ( t′=-0.035, P=0.001).The time of complete regression of fever in the experimental group [(44.82±22.72) h] was shorter than that in the control group [(51.35±27.07) h], and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( t=-1.966, P=0.050).The fever score showed that the area under the curve between the CARIFS symptom fever score and time in the experimental group was 4.40±2.42, while that in the control group was 5.12±2.44, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( t=-2.252, P=0.025).The clinical recovery rate was 93.91%(108/115) in the experimental group and 92.31%(108/117) in the control group, and there was no significant difference between the two groups ( χ2=0.233, P>0.05).The clinical recovery time in the experimental group [(2.93±1.21) d] was shorter than that in the control group [(3.29±1.15) d], and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( t=-2.279, P=0.024).After treatment, there was a significant difference in TCM syndrome score variation between the experimental group [(-12.00±4.13) scores] and the control group [(-10.85±4.31) scores] ( t′=-2.067, P=0.040).No complication occurred in both groups, and there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between the two groups ( χ2=1.299, P>0.05). Conclusions:Qingxuan Zhike granules combined with Oseltamivir phosphate can effectively improve the cough symptoms associated with influenza in children, shorten the time and course of fever, and improve the TCM syndrome score; thus, they are safe in clinical application.