Objective To investigate the effects of psychological stress on small intestinal bacteria and mucosa in mice, and to explore the relationship between small intestinal disfunction and small intestinal bacteria and mucosa under psychological stress. Methods 48 mice were randomly divided into psychological stress group and control group. An animal model with psychological stress was established lodging the mice and a hungry cat in separate layers of a two-layer cage. D-xylose levels in plasma were measured for estimating the damage degree of small intestinal mucosa. A section of the proximal small intestine was harvested under sterile condition and processed for quantitation for aerobes (Escherichia coli) and anaerobes (Lactobacilli). The quantitation of bacteria was expressed as log10[colony forming units/g]. Results D-xylose concentrations in plasma in psychological stress mice were significantly higher than those in the control group (3.02±0.85 mmol/L vs 0.94±0.33 mmol/L,P＜0.01).Psychological stress resulted in quantitative alterations in the aerobes (E. coli). There was an increase in the number of E. coli in the proximal small intestinal flora (1.79±0.27 log10(CFU/g) vs 1.32±0.22 log10(CFU/g),P＜0.01), and there was decrease in relative proportion of Lactobacilli and E. coli of stressed mice (0.52±0.56 vs 1.14±1.07,P＜0.05), while there was no significant difference in the anaerobes(Lactobacilli) between the two groups (2.31±0.63 log10(CFU/g) vs 2.41±0.34 log10(CFU/g) P＞0.05). D-xylose concentrations in plasma was significantly and positively correlated with the number of E. coli in the proximal small intestinal flora (r=0.6713,P＜0.05). Conclusion Small intestinal disfunction under psychological stress may be related to dysbacteriosis and the damage of mucosa.

The total aralosides extracted from Aralia elata (Miq) Seem. were studied in mice ( 50 mg/kg/d for 7 d ) to investigate the pharmacological mechanisms on the molecular level.The results showed that aralosides can obviously stimulate the production of PGE2、PGF2, and cAMP but reduce the cGMP level and nave no effect on histamine release.It is suggested that the changes in the level of cyclic nucleotide might be due to the alternations of PGs, which is now been suspected as the "Second Messenger" . These findings could explain in part the pharmacological activities of aralosides on the molecular level.

After mice given Ammoniun Glycyrrhizanate orally, the spleen weight, the number of leukocytes in peripheral circulation and carbon particle cleaning index increased significantly. Rat spleen lymphocytes exposed to 8 x10-7M and 8 x10-10M of Ammoniun Glycyrrhizanate produced levels of PGE that were 1 - 2 -fold greater than that of the control lymphocytes cultured in medium alone. We also found that the levels of PGE2 and cAMP in mice spleen increased significantly after P.O. Ammoninn Glycyrrhizanate, which we suggested might be the mechanisms of immane regulatory functions of Ammoniun Glycyr rhizanate.

Lymphokine-osteoclast activating factor(OAF) is a potent mediator of bone resorption. PGs which mediate bone resorption are necessary for OAF. It has been reported that mononuclear is an important factor in bone resorption; and circulating monocytes may be osteoclast precursors,but it is not clear at present. We used CT and PTH which are potent physiological calcium-regulator hormones to stimulated mono-nuclear to study it's role for bone resorption. Mononuclear was isolated from normal human peripheral blood by Ficoll-Hypaque. After cultured in C02 incubator at 37℃ for 24h. 0.05g/L PTH and 100U/L CT were added and incubated in the same condation. After 2.5min, 5min, 10min, and 15min cAMP was measured by RIA. In the sam way PGE was determined. Our experiment exhibited that circulating mononuclear responds to CT and PTH with an increase in cAMP firstly, and enhances PGE production by CT and PTH stimulated mononuclear secondly. The results suggest that mononuclear participated in the regulation of bone resorption by PGE, OAF and other factor.

In order to obtain some evidences of the role of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in regulating calcium metabolism, and explore the mechanisms by which PTH regulates calcium in the heart, 45Ca was used to study the influence of bovine PTH1-34 fragment (bPTH1-34) on calcium transsacolemma. The results indicate that bPTH1-34(l?I0-7mol ? L-1) increases beating rate of heart cells under normal state and it markedly increases the rapid (5 min) and the slow (120 min) phases of 45Ca influx in heartcells (under normal, KC1 10-5 mol?L-1 high K+depolarised, NA 10-7mol?L-1receptors activated states), but it could also reduce 45Ca efflux from the cultured heart cells. It suggests that the mechanisms caused by bPTH1-34 which enhances the cytosolic calcium concentration and myocardial beating rate may be related with cAMP level elevated in heart cells.

Objective To study effects of oligo-peptide I-C-F-6 in carapax trionycis on rats with liver fibrosis induced by CCl4;To discuss its anti-liver fibrosis effects and possible mechanisms. Methods Forty-eight SD male rats were randomly divided into normal control group, model group, bifendate group, and oligo-peptide I-C-F-6 group, 12 in each group.CCl4 was injected intraperitoneally to build rat liver fibrosis model.Oligo-peptide I-C-F-6 group and bifendate group were given subcutaneous injection of oligo-peptide I-C-F-6 (0.12μg/g) or bifendate (0.12μg/g). At the same time, normal control group and model group were giventhe same volume of saline for seven weeks. The levels ofALT, AST,MDA, SOD, IL-4, IL-10 and TNF-α were tested.The histomorphology changes were observed under optical microscopeby HE, and the expressions of transforming growth TGF-β1 were determined by immunohistochemistry.Results Compared with model group, serum levels of ALT and AST were reduced evidently in oligo-peptide I-C-F-6 group. Hepatic content of MDA, IL-4 and TNF-α decreased, while SOD activity and IL-10 were found significantly increased. Liver fibrosis was ameliorated significantly. Hepatic expressions of TGF-β1 were weakly positive.Conclusion Oligo-peptide I-C-F-6 can ameliorate hepatocyte damage of model rats, thus it has anti-oxidative and anti-liver fibrosis effects on liver fibrosis in rats.

BACKGROUND: Inhibitory coating can prevent nanoparticle oxidation, grain growth, corrosion and agglomeration, and endow nanoparticle with special properties. ABJECTIVE: To prepare SiO2/Ni core-shell type nanoparticles and assess their magnetic properties. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The observation experiment was performed between November 2005 and March 2006 at Nanometer Compound Material Research Laboratory of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China. MATERIALS: Nanometer nickel powder prepared by DC arc plasma jet method, Na2SiO3 produced by Bazhou Chemical Industry Branch Factory of Tianjin Quartz Clock Factory (China).METHODS: SiO2/Ni core-shell type nanoparticles were synthesized by coating a layer of SiO2 on the surface of manometer nickel powder via liquid deposition method using Na2SiO3 as the main source material. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Their microstructures and material properties were investigated by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, transmission electron microscopy, thermo-gravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and vibrating sample magnetometer. RESULTS: The experimental results showed that SiO2 shell was in an amorphous state around Ni cores and it avoided agglomeration of the Ni nanoparticles. The oxidation temperature of nanometer nickel powder coated by SiO2 elevated from 287 ℃ to 385 ℃. The analysis result of magnetic properties indicated that the hysteresis loop of Ni had an excursion for the existence of anti-ferromagnetic NiO, the silica coating reduced the saturation magnetization and improved the coercivity. CONCLUSION: Preparation of SiO2/Ni core-shell type nanopartieles was successful; silica coating improved the oxidation resistance of nanometer nickel powder, endowed nanometer nickel powder better ferromagnetism and improved the coercivity.

AIM:The objective of this study was to observe the effects of AP-1 element on endothelin-1(EDN1)gene transcription in homocysteine(Hcy)-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs).METHODS:The redox level in Hcy-induced HUVECs was determined by using the fluorescent product DCF.The influences of Hcy on expressions of EDN1 mRNA and protein of c-jun/AP-1 in HUVECs were measured by the methods of RT-PCR and Western blotting,respectively.The EDN1 secretion level of HUVECs induced by Hcy was determined by enzymatic immunoassay.The transient transfection assay was performed and luciferase activity of transcriptional factor AP-1 reporter gene induced by Hcy was detected.RESULTS:The Hcy significantly increased EDN1 secretion,EDN1 mRNA expression and oxidative stress in HUVECs.Hcy remarkably induced the expression of pGL3-EDN1-AP-1(115/+135)luciferase reporter gene plasmid.However,basic expression of mutation of pGL3-EDN1-AP-1(-115/+135)luciferase reporter gene plasmid was downregulated markedly in HUVECs induced by Hcy.CONCLUSION:Redox-active and release of ROS are changed by Hcy.Activated AP-1 element plays an important role in EDN1gene transcription in HUVECs induced by Hcy.

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of SilverHawk directional atherectomy device in the treatment of femoropopliteal occlusive disease. Methods From August 2012 to June 2014,46 patients(58 limbs)with femoropopliteal occlusive diseases in the treatment by SilverHawk directional atherectomy device were analyzed retrospectively . The mean lesion length and degree of diameter stenosisin the femoropopliteal stenoses(52 limbs) were (4.6 ± 2.3) cm and (85.6 ± 11.3)％.The mean lesion length in the femoropopliteal occlusions(6 limbs)was(6.3 ± 3.2)cm. Rutherford score was 3 ～ 5. Mean ABI was 0.45 ± 0.36. Patency was evaluated with color duplex sonography,CTA and DSA postoperatively. Results 46 patients(58 limbs)were recanalizated suc-cessfully via intraluminal approach. The overall technical success rate was 100％. The procedural success rate was 93.10％. Postoperative residual stenosis and ABI were(10.3 ± 6.2)％and 1.05 ± 0.32,which had statistical diff erence compared with preoperative(t=5.83,P=0.02). The average period of follow-up was 22 months. Mean ABI during the follow-up was 0.96 ± 0.15,which had statistical difference compared with preoperative(t = 5.09,P =0.03). The 6-month and 1-and 2-year primary patency rate was 94.83％、91.38％、84.48％,and secondary patency rate was 98.28％、96.55％、93.10％,respectively. Conclusion SilverHawk directional atherectomy device is safe and effective in treament offemoropopliteal occlusive disease ,with satisfactory early-middle results.

Objective To compare the hemostatic safety and efficacy of a new butterfly femoral artery compression device (FACD) with those of manual compression (MC) in patients undergoing percutaneous peripheral endovascular interventions via femoral artery. Methods A total of 283 patients, who received percutaneous endovascular interventions via femoral artery during the period from September 2016 to December 2017, were enrolled in this study. After endovascular intervention, 167 patients received FACD to make hemostasis (FACD group), and 116 patients received MC hemostasis (MC group) . The patient's comfortableness, time used for hemostasis (min), limb immobilization time (h), and the incidence of vascular complications in both groups were analyzed. Results All 283 patients were included in analysis, the results indicated that the hemostatic success rates in FACD group and MC group were 96.4％ (161/167) and 94.0％ (109/116) respectively, the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (P>0.05) . The postoperative Kolcaba Comfort Scale score of FACD group was (85.0 ±11.2) points, which was remarkably higher than (58.4±11.7) points of MC group (P<0.05), the time used for hemostasis in FACD group was (9.2 ±2.2) min, which was strikingly shorter than (18.5 ±2.9) min in MC group (P <0.05) . The limb immobilization time in FACD group was (10.4±2.4) hours, which was obviously shorter than (23.1±4.1) hours in MC group (P <0.05) . The incidence of vascular complications in FACD group was 3.6％, which was dramatically lower than 9.5％ in MC group (χ2=4.206, P=0.04) . Conclusion The use of the new butterfly FACD can promptly, safely and effectively stop bleeding of femoral artery puncture site. The new butterfly FACD is superior to MC in shortening hemostatic time and limb immobilization time, in reducing incidence of vascular complications, as well as in improving patient's comfortableness degree.