Objective To summarize the principle and application of functional MR imaging of pancreatic carcinoma and chronic mass-forming type pancreatitis.Methods Articles about diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI),magnetic resonance spectrum imaging(MRSI) and dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging of pancreatic carcinoma and chronic pancreatitis were reviewed and analyzed.Results Functional MR imaging could reflected the differences in molecules diffusion,metabolism and tissue perfusion between pancreatic carcinoma and chronic pancreatitis.Conclusion As a non-invasive protocol,functional MR imaging can provide useful information in differential diagnosis between chronic mass-forming type pancreatitis and pancreatic carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the value of MR diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in differentiating pancreatic carcinoma from chronic focal pancreatitis on 3.0 T MR system. Methods Thirteen patients with proved pancreatic carcinoma, 7 patients with confirmed chronic focal pancreatitis, and 14 healthy volunteers, were included in this study. MR examination including the routine abdomen scanning protocol and DWI was performed for both patients and volunteers. The SE-EPI sequence and ASSET technique were used for DWI. The b values of 400, 600, 800 and 1 000 s/mm2 were selected to acquire the DWI. The corresponding apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were measured in each designated region of interest and statistically analyzed. Results ①DWI of the healthy volunteers showed intermediate signals of pancreas. ②DWI of pancreatic tumor masses showed homogenous high signal intensity relative to the surrounding pancreatic tissue with clear boundary. Under different b values, the tumor ADC values were (1.63?0.235)?10-3 mm2/s, (1.42?0.126)?10-3 mm2/s, (1.36?0.170)?10-3 mm2/s and (1.26?0.178)?10-3 mm2/s respectively, which were significantly lower than those of non-tumor region (2.11?0.444)?10-3 mm2/s, (1.83?0.230)?10-3 mm2/s, (1.81?0.426)?10-3 mm2/s, (1.60?0.230)?10-3 mm2/s and of the normal pancreas (1.85?0.350)?10-3 mm2/s, (1.69?0.290)?10-3 mm2/s, (1.67?0.268)?10-3 mm2/s, (1.42?0.221)?10-3 mm2/s, P

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of application of dezocine combined with sufentanil in patients under‐going thoracic surgery ,and discuss its security .Methods Selected 60 cases of patients undergoing thoracic surgery treatedn in the hospital from January to June 2013 ,then divided into two groups with 30 cases in each group randomly .ASA grade Ⅰ - Ⅱ ,the ob‐servation group took dezocine combined with sufentanil after the surgery ,the control group took sufentanil for analgesia ,then ob‐served the analgesia and sedative effect and the occurrence rate of adverse reaction between two groups of patients .Results The observation group′VAS pain score on postoperative 6 ,12 ,24 ,48 h were (3 .21 ± 0 .76)% ,(3 .01 ± 0 .77)% ,(2 .79 ± 0 .69)% , (2 .67 ± 0 .66)% and significantly better than the control group(P<0 .05);The observation group′Ramsay sedation score on post‐operative 6 ,12 ,24 ,48 h were (2 .12 ± 0 .23)% ,(2 .07 ± 0 .22)% ,(2 .02 ± 0 .24)% ,(2 .01 ± 0 .21)% ,the sedative effect was better than the control group(P<0 .05);48 h after the surgery the pressing times and effective analgesia pump frequency and adverse re‐action of the patients in the observation group were lower than that of the control group(P<0 .05) .Conclusion The effect for se‐dation and analgesia of dezocine combined with sufentanil in patients undergoing thoracic surgery is better and safe .

Objective To determine the clinical characteristic, main treatment, and prognosis for the sake of more effective treatments for critically ill patients with H1N1 influenza. Methods Eight critically ill patients with H1N1 influenza in intensive care unit were retrospectively studied, including clinical characteristics, indexex of correlation, and prognosis. Results The acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ score was 19.0±7.8. Five patients died, 4 of whom were caused by respiratory failure. The number of platelets in dead patient was lower than that in healing and improved ones(χ2=8.000,P＜0.05).All the 4 patients treated with glucocorticoid died, 5 out of the 6 patients received invasive mechanical ventilation rather than noninvasive mechanical ventilation, and 3 of them who complicated barotraumas in the lung died at last. Conclusion Critically ill patients with H1N1 influenza have high mortality. Respiratory failure is the main cause of death. Critically ill patients with H1N1 influenza should not be treated with glucocorticoid. Patients who need mechanical ventilation should be treated with invasive mechanical ventilation with low tidal volume and low positive end-expiratory pressure.

Objective To study the expression of TrkB and c-fos in rat auditory cortex after long -term ad‐ministration of sodium salicylate and the mechanisms of salicylate ototoxiclty .Methods Normal adult rats were di‐vided into three groups :normal group without any treatment ,long -term treatment group given i .m .injections , 175 mg/kg ,twice daily at 9:00 am and 6 :00 pm for consecutive 14 days and the recovered group using the same method as the chronic group except that they were sacrificed 28 days after salicylate treatment ceased .After the de‐tection of ABR ,rats were sacrificed after deep anesthesia ,and the auditory cortexes were dissected rapidly .Real-time PCR and Western-blot were explored to detect the expression of TrkB and c-fos .Results The average ABR threshold of normal rats was 36 ± 2 .23 dB SPL .The average ABR threshold of long -term group was 41 .3 ± 3 .31 dB SPL ,which was significantly increased than normal group(P<0 .01) .The average ABR threshold of the recoveredgroup was 38 .6 ± 5 .51 dB SPL .There were no differences between the recovered group and normal group(P>0 . 05) .The expression of c-fos mRNA(1 .24 ± 0 .09)and protein(0 .70 ± 0 .12)in the long -term group were signifi‐cantly increased ,when compared with the normal group .The c-fos mRNA(1 .23 ± 0 .04)and protein(0 .68 ± 0 .08) expression in the recovered group were also significantly increased compared with the normal group .The expression of TrkB mRNA(1 .26 ± 0 .10)and protein(1 .85 ± 0 .17)in the long -term group were significantly increased ,when compared with the normal group .The TrkB mRNA(1 .23 ± 0 .07)and protein(1 .80 ± 0 .08)expression in the recov‐ered group were also significantly increased compared with the normal group .Conclusion The inereased expression of c-fos in the long -term group may be related to the enhancement of central auditory function .The inereased ex‐pression of Trk-B in the long -term group might be involved in instability of synaptic plasticity in tinnitus .

Objective To investigate the significance of sequential continuous sonography approach (SCSA) in diagnosing fetal deformity during prenatal stage. Methods Compared with postpartum data, the sequential continuous sonography of 16685 fetuses during gestational age 14 to 40~(+3) weeks. 1 were ana-lyzed retrospectively. Results 498 abnormal cases in 514 abnormal fetuses were scanned out with sequen-tial continuous sonography approach, and 16 cases were not successfully diagnosed by SCSA during prenatal stage. The rate of final diagnosis on deformity fetuses by SCSA was 96. 89%, the rate of misdiagnosis was 3. 1%. Conclusion Sequential continuous sonngraphy approach is a useful tool for diagnosing fetal de-formity during prenatal stage, h should be widely applied into the clinical inspection for prenatal diagnosis.

Objective To compare the difference in recurrence rates between the endovenous laser therapy(EVLT) combined with percutaneous continuous circumsature (PCCS) and simplex EVLT following the treatment of great saphanous vein incompetence through the introduction of propensity score matching (PSM).Methods T the baseline data of 170 patients diagnosed with great saphanous vein incompetence who were treated in Punan Hospital in Pudong New District of Shanghai from 2009 to 2014 were retrospectively analyzed,of which underwent EVLT were 87 cases as EVLT group and EVLT combined with PCCS were 83 cases as EVLT +PCCS group.The groups covariate were balanced based on the PSM function of SPSS software using 1 ∶ 1 nearest neighbor matching method.The recurrence rates of the two groups were estimated by Kaplan-Meier method and the differences between the two groups were evaluated by Log-rank test.Results Sixty-seven pairs of patients were successfully matched.No significant difference between the two matched groups in the basic clinical features.Before PSM,the 1,2,and 3 year cummulative recurrence rates were 3.5％,5.4％ and 7.3％ in the EVLT group,and 0.9％,4.7％ and 4.7％ in the EVLT+PCCS group,respectively,there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups by Log-rank test (P =0.491).After PSM,the 1,2,and 3 year cummulative recurrence rates were 5.2％,5.2％ and 7.1％ in the EVLT group,and 0％,1.0％ and 1.0％ in the EVLT+PCCS group,there were statistically significant differences between the two groups (P =0.031).Conclusion The PSM methods can effectively balanced the covariates of groups in non-randomised study.EVLT combined with PCCS can effectively reduce the recurrence rate after the treatment of great saphanous vein incompetence.

AIM:To investigate the maturation of mice immature myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) induced by antigen(Ag)85B of mycobacterium tuberculosis, and the expression of TSLPR and OX40L mediated by TSLP in vitro. METHODS:Recombinant mouse GM-CSF ( rmGM-CSF) and rmIL-4 were used to induce bone marrow precursor cells of C57BL/6 mice to differentiate into immature mDCs in vitro.mDCs were identified followed by purification using CD 11c binding magnetic beads .The morphological characteristic of mDCs was observed under inverted phase-contrast microscope and scanning electron microscope .The surface phenotypes of mDCs were determined by flow cytometry .To obtain the opti-mal concentrations of Ag85B and TSLP, immature mDCs were cultured with different concentrations of Ag 85B or TSLP at 0 (control group), 50, 100 and 200 μg/L for 24 h, and the expression of cell surface molecules CD 80, CD86, TSLPR and OX40L was detected by flow cytometry.In addition, the expression of TSLPR and OX40L in Ag85B and TSLP-co-stimula-ted mDCs was determined by flow cytometry .RESULTS:After 7 d of culture in vitro, the cells showed irregular dendritic protrusions under the inverted-phase contrast microscope , and had wrinkles and dendritic splits under scanning electron mi-croscope , conformed to the morphological characteristics of immature mDCs .The mDCs cells expressed higher level of spe-cific marker CD11c, lower level of co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86, which conformed to the phenotype of imma-ture mDCs.The CD80 +and CD86 +cell ratios of mDCs displayed significant increases in 50, 100 and 200μg/L Ag85B or TSLP groups compared with control group (P<0.05).The ratios of TSLPR +and OX40L+cells did not differ among dif-ferent concentrations of Ag 85B groups.The ratios of TSLPR +and OX40L+cells were significantly increased in 100 μg/L and 200μg/L TSLP groups compared with control group and 50μg/L TSLP group (P<0.05).Under the circumstance of optimal Ag85B or TSLP treatment concentration at 200 μg/L, there was significantly decreased in TSLPR and OX 40L cell ratio of mDCs in Ag85B group or Ag85B combined with TSLP group when compared with TSLP group (P<0.05), and no significant difference among Ag85B group, Ag85B combined with TSLP group and control group was observed .CONCLU-SION: Ag85B enhances mDCs maturation by up-regulating the expression of co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86, and inhibit the expression of pro-inflammatory specific molecules TSLPR and OX40L on TSLP-activated mDCs, indicating that Ag85B modifies the development of asthmatic airway inflammation through the pathway of TSLP -activated mDCs.

Objective To observe the relationship between morphological and hemodynamic changes of female internal genital organs in the patients with hypomenorrhea with transvaginal color Doppler ultrasound (TVCDS). Methods Thirty female patients with hypomenorrhea of unknown origin were studied, and 30 healthy women of eumenorrhea aged 20 to 40 years were selected as control group. The size and shape of uterus, ovaries, and the thickness of endometria of uterus were observed with TVCDS in follicular phase, ovulation phase, luteal phase and luteal atrophy phase, respectively. Hemodynamic parameters of ovarian artery, uterus artery and their branches were measured. At the same time, hormones of female were examined in 30 patients in follicular phase, ovulation phase and luteal atrophy phase, respectively. Results ①No difference of the size of uterus and ovaries, the thickness of endometria and the amount of egg follicles was found between two groups (P＞0.05). ②Compared with that in the control group, type C of endometria increased in hypomenorrhea group (P＜0.05). ③RI, PI and S/D of spiral arteries in hypomenorrhea group were higher than those in control group, but no significance in these parameters of uterine arteries, arcuate arteries and radiate arteries was found. RI of uterine arteries, arcuate arteries and radiate arteries decreased successively. ④RI, PI and S/D of ovarian arteries in hypomenorrhea group was higher than those in control group in ovulation phase (P＜0.05). Conclusion Reduction in blood supply of ovary and endometria may be the causes of hypomenorrhea with unknown origin. TVCDS can be used as a conventional examination method for these patients.

Endophytic fungi strains (n = 81) were isolated from the leaves, barks, and fruits of Camellia oleifera from Hunan province (China) to delineate their species composition and potential as biological control agents of C. oleifera anthracnose. The fungi were identified by morphological and phylogenetic analyses. Fungal colonization rates of the leaves, barks, and fruits were 58.02, 27.16, and 14.81%, respectively. The isolates were identified as 14 genera, belonging to two subdivisions, Deuteromycotina and Ascomycotina; 87.65% of all isolates belonged to Deuteromycotina. The dominant species, occurring with a high relative frequency, were Pestalotiopsis sp. (14.81%), Penicillium sp. (14.81%), and Fusarium sp. (12.35%). The Simpson’s and Shannon’s diversity indices revealed the highest species diversity in the leaves, followed by the barks and fruits. The similarity index for the leaves versus barks comparison was the highest, indicating that the number of endophytic fungal species shared by the leaves and barks was higher than barks and fruits or leaves and fruits. Based on the results of dual culture experiments, only five strains exhibited antifungal activity against C. oleifera anthracnose pathogen, with isolate ty-64 (Oidium sp.) generating the broadest inhibition zones. Our results indicate that the endophytes associated with C. oleifera could be employed as natural agents controlling C. oleifera anthracnose.
Biological Control Agents ; Camellia* ; Colon ; Endophytes ; Fruit ; Fungi* ; Fusarium ; Penicillium