Objective To observe the morphological changes of rats' pancreas and nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin(ET) in the blood serum in rats after exposure to different pulses of high power pulse microwave (HPPMW).Methods SD-rats were irradiated with 104,105 and 4 × 105 pulses of HPPMW,respectively.After gloss observation,the histopathological changes of pancreas were observed through biological microscope and electroscope.The changes of amylase,nitric oxide and endothelin in blood serum were detected by biochemical and radio-immunological methods. Results Compared with the blank control,no apparent abnormality could be observed in the pancreas of all groups.The dilatation of capillary could be observed in each experimental group by microscope.The ultrastructure changes of pancreas were most serious in 4 × 105 pulse group,especially at 24 and 48 h after irradiation.Compared with the control group,the levels of serum amylase were decreased (F =12.58,11.73,P ＜ 0.05),while ET were increased (F =4.50,4.49,P ＜0.05) at 24 and 48 h after irradiation.The levels of NO in serum were increased ( F =17.51,41.72,19.98,32.64,P ＜ 0.05 ) at each time-point.The level of NO went up with the increase of pulses.Conclusions HPPMW has damage effects on the pancreas in rats.The pulses with the pancreas can lead to severity of the damage. The mechanism of HPPMW may be involved in the enhancement of ET and NO in serum.

Objective To understand the current status of research on lung cancer immunotherapy to provide a reference for further investigation and future topic selection in this field. Methods CiteSpace visualization analysis software was used to analyze 400 Chinese studies in CNKI and 5 001 English studies in the Web of Science database from 2005 to 2021, with "lung cancer" and "immunotherapy" as keywords. Keyword co-occurrence analysis was performed on 17 English studies of "Lung Cancer" "Immunotherapy" and "Single cell sequencing" in the Web of Science database. Results "Non-small cell lung cancer" "immunosuppressants" "PD-L1" "dendritic cells" and "cytokine-induced killer cells" are current research hotspots in lung cancer immunotherapy. Monoclonal antibody drugs including nivolumab, pembrolizumab, atezolizumab, and durvalumab are hotspot drugs. Immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy as well as PD-L1 expression have become the focus of continuous research. The majority of studies on lung cancer immunotherapy are conducted in the United States, followed by China. Conclusion Lung cancer immunotherapy has gradually become a research hot spot in China. In the future, in-depth research is needed to provide cutting-edge directions for lung cancer immunotherapy.