The shortage of organs and cells from the donors continues to restrict allotransplantation.To carry out the xenotransplantation of pig as the donor is a very important method to alleviate the problem.At present,the organs of pigs (such as islet cells,neurons,liver ceils and cornea) have been initially used in clinical practice.However,significant barriers to be overcome before pig organ xenotransplantation can become a clinical therapy because of the immune and physiological disorders.With pigs that express one or more human thromboregulatory or anti-inflammatory genes being developed,the research of the xenotransplantation has made significant progress,the survival time is logner,at the same time,risk of cross-infection between species is smaller.However,immune rejection and physiological obstacles still prevent organ xenotransplantation from clinical application.This review will draw attention to the latest progress of the xenotransplantation,and provide some references for researchers.

Objective To evaluate the effect of olecranon osteotomy and triceps pedicel approach combined with ossylated triol in the treatment of humeral intercondylar fracture and its effect on prognosis. Methods Ninety-two patients with humeral intercondylar fractures were selected as study subjects. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: the study group and the control group. The study group selected the olecranon osteotomy for treatment. The control group selected brachial Triceps tongue tongue approach for treatment. Results The excellent and good rate of the study group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). The mean time of operation and the time of fracture healing were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05), and The data of PLT, ESR, CRP and RF in the two groups were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05) , and the data of inflammatory indexes in the study group were significantly decreased (P<0.05).Conclusion The treatment of humeral intercondylar fractures with olecranon osteotomy combined with calcitriol has a direct effect. It can be seen that this treatment has a high value in clinical orthopedic treatment.

Objective To know the usage of Chinese patent medicine of western medicine doctors in general hospitals. Methods By means of informal discussion with experts, present situation was known; By means of screening questions in questionnaire, nationwide investigation was conducted by this questionnaire about Chinese patent medicine and the results were examined by statistical analysis. Results That the abuse of Chinese patent medicine by western medical doctors was quite common. The overall quality of their prescriptions was not good. Most of the doctors have never received specialized continuing education of traditional Chinese medicine, only having preliminary knowledge or nothing on syndrome differentiation and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine. Conclusion The management department should take following measures: further enhance continuing education of TCM;formulate related policies;improve present situation.

Objective Spontaneous pneumothorax occurred mainly because of bulla rupture and its formation process and pathogenesis were unknown,the study was to detect the express level of the cytokines KL-6,FGF-10 and MMP-9 in the spontaneous pneumothorax patients with bulla and researched its significance.Methods Selected 24 cases of bulla resection for spontaneous pneumothorax patients,the immunohistochemical staining techniques and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was taken to detect the expression level of KL-6,FGF-10 and MMP-9 of the bulla site and the bulla adjacent site.Results Immunohistochemical results showed that the staining intensity of the KL-6 and FGF-10 in groups of bulla site was higher than those in groups of bulla adjacent site while there was no significant difference of MMP-9 in the two groups.ELISA results showed that the expression levels of the KL-6 and FGF-10 in groups of bulla site are higher than those in groups of bulla adjacent site and the results had statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05),while there was no statistically significant of MMP-9 in the two groups(P ＞0.05).Conclusion The expression of the KL-6 and FGF-10 in the bulla site in primary spontaneous pneumothorax patients was higher than that in the normal site ; the pulmonary fibrosis mediated by KL-6 and the lung-bronchial congenital abnormalities mediated by abnormal expression of FGF-10 might have correlation with bulla formation.There was no statistically significant of the MMP-9 expression between the two groups and the correlation between inflammation mediated by MMP-9 and bulla formation was not clear.

Objective To discuss the clinical significance of nephroscopic surgery for simple renal cysts. Methods A 2~4 cm incision was made below the 12th costal interspace. Through the incision the nephroscopic decortication was performed in 26 patients with simple renal cyst. Results The operation time was 20~80 min (mean, 30 min) and the postoperative hospital stay, 3~)6 days (mean, 4 days). No blood transfusion was required and no severe complications were noted. Follow-up observations for 3~)12 months (mean, 8 months) in the 26 patients found no recurrence. Conclusions Mini-incision nephroscopic decortication for renal cysts is feasible and mini-invasive, with advantages of simplicity of performance and quick postoperative recovery.

Objective To introduce a new method that abdominal puncture is used in ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Methods A retrospective review of the clinical materials of 49 patients who underwent improving ventriculoperitoneal shunt.Results After operations, all the patients had fellow-up survey that the rates of infection and obstruction are both 4.08%. They are lower than that of the lectures. Conclusion It has many advantages that abdominal puncture taken the place of incision of abdominal cavity. They are less wounded, less infection, less abdominal complication , not easy to be packed by the omentum and so on.

Objective: To get the information about the civil will of donating cadaver in Guangzhou. Method: Make stochastic visit to dwellers in Guangzhou.Result: Traditional concept,legal system and lack of the knowledge of donating cadaver affect the civil will most. Conclusion: More effects are needed to update the social viewpoints and strengthen the legal system.

Objective To preliminarily understand the infection of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in Cangyuan County, a southern border area of Yunnan Province, and provide a reference basis for the prevention and control of Chikungunya fever. Methods In April 2020, a total of 400 serum samples from individuals seeking medical care at the People's Hospital of Cangyuan County in Yunnan Province were collected. Among these, 121 samples were from healthy individuals undergoing physical examinations, and 279 samples were from patients with fever. The serum samples collected underwent CHIKV neutralizing antibody testing using a serum micro-neutralization assay. Real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR was used to detect CHIKV nucleic acid in the samples, followed by analysis of the test results. Results The results of neutralizing antibodies showed that 18 of the 400 human serum samples were positive for neutralizing antibodies against CHIKV, with an overall positivity rate for serum samples of 4.5% (18/400). Among the 279 serum samples collected from patients with fever, 18 were positive for neutralizing antibodies against CHIKV, with a positive rate of 6.45% (18/279), and the neutralizing antibody titers ranged from 1∶10 to 1∶320. The results of 121 healthy human serum samples were negative for neutralizing antibodies against CHIKV. The results of real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR showed that 3 of the 400 human serum samples were positive for CHIKV nucleic acid, and the positive rate was 0.75% (3/400). Among the 279 serum samples collected from patients with fever, 3 samples were positive for CHIKV nucleic acid, with a positive rate of 1.08% (3/279), and Ct values ranged from 36.58 to 37.74. While all healthy human serum samples were negative for CHIKV nucleic acid. Conclusions The findings indicate that infection of CHIKV exists in the population of Cangyuan County, a southern border area of Yunnan Province, and an outbreak of the disease is occurring. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring, prevention, and control of CHIKV in this area.

Objective To study the morbidity rule of community trauma and pre-hospital care mea-sures so as to improve the pre-hospital care performance. Methods 962 cases who received pre-hospital care by "120" commanding center in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed by means of self-designed questionnaires. Results The features of community trauma were mainly multiple trauma caused by traffic accidents, the main pre-hospital care measures included bandaging, hematischesis, pexia, aspiration of oxy-gen,intravenous injection, cardiopulmonary resuscitation,tracheal intubation and cricothyroid puncture,a-mong which bandaging, hematischesis and pexia accounted for 92.7 per cent. Conclusions Early and rapid treatments to the wounded patients, and correct medical rescue are very important. They are the two key factors to promote the success rate of rescue. At the same time, sound nursing management, correct medical treatment and nursing coordination are also critical aspects.

BACKGROUND: As indicated by transplantation experiments in recent years, correlative neural active substances could be synthesized in the transplanted retina(TP); however, the growth and development situation of neural active substance positive neurons in TP is unclear.OBJECTIVE: To observe the differentiation and development of the neuron,and the biosynthesis of neural active substance in TP and its relationship with environment and visual center to explore the rule of development of nerve tissue and its regeneration and plasticity.DESIGN: An observatory comparative study based on animals.SETTING: Department of histology and embryology of two universities.MATERIALS: The study was conducted in the Experimental Animal Center of Guangzhou Medical College between August 2002 and March 2003. Totally 96 healthy SD rats in either gender were selected.INTERVENTIONS: Embryonal 14-day SD retina was transplantedin-between the epithalamus and hypothalamus of the midbrain in P1 rat and the right eye of the P1 rat was removed simultaneously. The development time of TP on the 9th day after operation was corresponding to the normal retina on the 1st day after born, which was then recorded as TP1, and so on. The development and differentiation was shown by histochemical method.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Development and morphological observation of TP and neurons in TP.RESULTS: TP had the same structure of each layer as normal retina and its similar growth and development rule, which also could synthesize relative neural active substance. Nitricoxide synthase(NOS) -positive neuron in TP started at TP4 and reached its peak at TP12, but the number of positive neurons was kept on a relative low level after TP22.CONCLUSION: Embryonal retina could survive and remain its original growth and development rule after intracerebral transplantation, which has same structural characters as normal retina.