Objective To detect antibodies against human papilloma virus-47 E2m345-362 peptide whichis homologous to profilaggri306324 peptide and anti-citrullinated human papilloma virus-47 E2345-362 peptide antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis(RA)and to investigate its role in the pathogenesis of RA.Methods Serum samples were obtained from 119 patients with RA, other rheumatic diseases and healthy individuals.We searched the homologus sequence of profilaggrin306-324peptide by using NCBI (the National Center for Bioteehnology Information)BLAST (basic local alignment search tool),and synthesized human papilloma virus-47 E2345-362 peptide which was highly homologous to profilaggrin306-324 peptide and the citrullinated Human papilloma virus-47 E2345-362 peptide.The presence of antibodies against E2345-362 peptide and citrullinated E2345-362 peptide was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The associations between these antibodies and the clinical features of RA were evaluated.Results ①(41.2%)and titer (AU was 105.7)of anti citrullinated E2345-362 peptide antibodies in RA were significantly higher than those of patients with other rheumatic diseases and healthy individuals.However,the prevalence of anti-E2345-362 peptide antibodies in RA patients was similar to that of patients with other rheumatic diseases and healthy individuals(P>0.05).②The samples that were pre-incubated with cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) had lower titer of anti-citrulllinated E2345-362 peptide antibodies.③The titers of anti-CCP antibodies and anti-PAD14 antibodies in anti-citrullinated E2345-362 positive patients were higher than those of anti-citrullinated E2345-362 negtive patients.It showed significant correlations between anti-citrulllinated E2345-362 peptide antibodies and anti-PAD14 antibodies(r=0.485,P<0.01).④ DAS28 score,ESR,X-ray stages,AKA in anti-citrullinated E2345-362 positive patients were higher than those of anti-citrullinated E2345-362 negative patients.Conclusion The presence of anti-citrullinated E2345-362 peptide antibodies in RA indicates that HPV-47 E2 may act as an auto-antigen which may play an important role in the pathogenesis of RA.The increasing of PAD14 may make it easy for HPV-47 E2 to be citrullinated and may induce the subsequent auto-immune reactions.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of mucosal administration of altered collagen Ⅱ(CⅡ)263-272 peptide(267Q→A,270K→A and 271G→A) on collagen induced arthritis(CIA),and to explore the mechanism of the inhibitory effect of the altered CⅡ263-272 peptide on CIA.Methods:CIA was induced in Lewis rats by immunization with bovine CⅡ.Altered CⅡ263-272 peptide was given intranasally beginning from the onset of arthritis(100 ?g/dose,daily for 5 doses and continuing every other day for other 7 doses).Wild CⅡ263-272 peptide(100 ?g/dose) or PBS was administered as controls with the same procedure.Therapeutic effects were evaluated by arthritis scores,body weight change,and joint pathologic scores.The anti-CⅡ antibody and its subtypes were measured with ELISA.The cytokines of IFN-? and IL-10 were measured with ELISA.The induction of regulatory T cells was assessed by FACS analysis of percentage of peripheral CD4+CD25+ T cells,and by real-time PCR analysis of the expression of Foxp3 and TGF-? mRNA.Results:(1) Following treatment with the altered CⅡ263-272 peptide,arthiritis scores were reduced and body weight was increased.The mean arthritis scores of rats treated with altered peptide,wild peptide and PBS were 2.50?2.43,4.50?2.23 and 6.33?2.73,respectively.The altered peptide could retard the histologic lesion of the joints.(2) The titers of anti-CⅡ antibodies IgG and IgG1 in the three groups were similar,but the IgG2a in altered peptide-treated rats decreased markedly as compared with PBS-treated rats(0.56?0.19 vs 0.95?0.29,P

Objective To revise the American College of Rheumatology classification criteria for rheumatoid arthritis(RA)with anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide(anti-CCP)antibodies and to evaluate its utility in the diagnosis of Chinese patients.Methods All patients from the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology of Peking University People's Hospital who had arthritis complaints in recent two years were enrolled.Patients were divided into RA group and non-RA group according to the clinical diagnosis by experienced rheumatologists.The diagnostic value of ACR criteria and the anti-CCP revised criteria(RA-6,RA-7 and RA-8)were evaluated by analyzing the clinical and laboratory parameters.Results A total of 604 patients were included in the study.312 patients were diagnosed as RA and 292 were diagnosed as other rheumatic diseases by rheumatologists.For those patients who had disease course for less than 2 years,the sensitivity of 1987 ACR criteria,RA-6,RA-7 and RA-8 criteria was 82.0%,91.0%.87.0%and 87.0%,respectively.The specificity of them was 95.6%,83.9%,95.6%and 95.6%.respectively.The sensitivity of 1987 ACR criteria,RA-6,RA-7 and RA-8 criteria for all the RA patients was 92.3%,96.8%.94.6%and 94.6%,respectively.The speciflcity of them was 92.8%,83.6%,92.8%and 92.8%.respectively.Conclusion The 1987 ACR criteria have high sensitivity and specificity in established RA.but its sensitivity in early RA is low.The RA-6criteria can improve the sensitivity dramatically but with reduced specificity.The RA-7 criteria can increase the sensitivity without sacrifice the specificity,especially in early RA patients.It may be used as a new set of classification criteria in clinical practice.

Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious diseases caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB).As the drug-resistance characteristics are different in patients with various genotypes,thus,the gene polymorphism study have critical clinical significance.Among the all kinds of techniques,some have been used to analyze polymorphism for a long time and new development in that respect has also been made recently.On the other hand,some techniques are e-merging but demonstrate promising application prospects.This study summarizes the gene polymorphism study of MTB which have been used or are emerging in recent years,and points out a few shortcomings briefly.Our object is to make a contribution to theoretical basis and knowledge accumulation in the drug-resistance and epidemiological survey field.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of white mustard seed moxibustion on four flower points [bilateral points Geshu(BL 17) and Danshu(BL 19)] in treating night sweat.Method One hundred and twenty patients with night sweat were randomly allocated to groups A, B and C, 40 cases each. Group A received white mustard seed moxibustion on four flower points; group B, oral administration of zuogui pills; group C, application of millet paste to four flower points. After 22 days of treatment, pre-treatment and post-treatment TCM symptoms and signs of hyperhidrosis scores were compared in the three groups and the clinical therapeutic effects were compared between the three groups.ResultThere was a statistically significant pre-/post-treatment difference in the TCM symptoms and signs of hyperhidrosis score in the three groups (P<0.05). The cure rate and the total efficacy rate were 50.0% and 92.5%, respectively, in group A; 27.5% and 75.0%, respectively, in group B; 12.5% and 50.0%, respectively, in group C. There were statistically significant differences in the cure rate and the total efficacy rate, and the TCM symptoms and signs of hyperhidrosis score between group A and group B or C (P<0.05) and between groups B and C (P<0.05).Conclusion White mustard seed moxibustion on four flower points is an effective way to treat night sweat and can markedly improve its symptoms in the patients.

Objective To introduce a kind of UPS for portable type-B ultrasonic in vehicular-charging at the situation of flowing in battle field. Methods Long time power supply for type-B ultrasonic and other related medical devices was realized through AC/DC alteration switch. Conclusion It functioned well in field test. Conclusion Being light and convenient with AC/DC, it is worth popularizing.

Objective:It has been found that serum CXCL16 concentration in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients are significantly higher than those in osteoarthritis (OA) and normal subjects, and are positively correlated with disease activity and bone erosion.However, how is CXCL16 involved in the pathogenesis of RA is unclear.To evaluate the expression of CXCL16 and its receptor CXCR6 in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, and to explore the role of CXCL16 in the proliferation of RA-FLS.Methods: FLS were isolated from knee synovial tissues obtained from 8 patients of RA, 7 osteoarthritis (OA) and 3 normal controls.The diagnosis of RA was in line with the 1987 American Rheumatology Association (ACR) RA classification criteria, osteoarthritis met the 1996 ACR revised knee osteoarthritis classification criteria.Control synovium were obtained from trauma caused knee joint injury in healthy individuals who required surgery.Human knee FLS were cultured by tissue explants adherent method.FLS between passages 3 and 5 were used in the experiment.Expression of CXCL16 and its receptor CXCR6 were performed in Western blot analysis.FLS proliferation follo-wing stimulation with TNF-α and different concentrations of CXCL16 was examined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8).Expression of phosphorylated AKT (pAKT) in RA-FLS stimulated by CXCL16 was quantified by Western blot.Different concentrations of recombinant human CXCL16 were added to the culture medium of RA-FLS.After 48 h culture, supernantants were collected, and TNF-α, IL-6, RANKL and MMP3 in culture supernatants of RA-FLS were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) operated following the kit instructions.Results: Expression of CXCL16 and CXCR6 in RA-FLS was significantly higher than that of OA and controls (P<0.05), but no significant difference was found between OA-FLS and control FLS.Proliferation of RA-FLS was markedly up-regulated after stimulation of CXCL16 (P <0.05).In the case of the CXCL16 stimulated OA-FLS and control FLS, the FLS proliferation remained basically unchanged.Expression of phosphorylated AKT in RA-FLS increased remarkably in condition of CXCL16 (50,100, 200 μg/L) stimulation.The levels of IL-6 and RANKL in culture supernatants of RA-FLS were obviously increased under CXCL16 (200 μg/L) stimulation, while TNF-α and MMP-3 levels in the culture supernatants remained unchanged after CXCL16 (200 μg/L) stimulation.Conclusion: This study shows that the expression of CXCL16 and its receptor was highly elevated in RA-FLS.Recombinant CXCL16 promoted RA-FLS proliferation and activation in vitro.All these indicate that CXCL16 play an important role in the pathogenesis of RA, anti-CXCL16 treatment may help to relieve inflammation and bone damage of RA patients.However, due to the limitations of this study, the role of CXCL16 and its receptors in RA-FLS remains to be elucidated by further research.

Objective To analyze the clinical and laboratory manifestations of primary Sj(o)gren's syndrom (pSS) with neurological involvement.Methods One hundred and forty eight patients fulfilling the 2002 American-European pSS classification criteria were retrospectively analyzed.Neurological manifestations were diagnosed based on the clinical,biological,electrophysiological,and imaging findings.Biographical,clinical,and laboratory data were compared between patients with and without neurological manifestations.Statistical methods used were Mann-Whitney U test,Chi-square test and Fisher exact probability.Results The prevalence of neurological involvement in pSS was 20.3％ (30/148),and the incidence of peripheral neuropathy,the central neuropathy and combination of the central neuropathy with peripheral neuropathy were 10.1％(15/148),9.5％(14/148) and 0.7％(1/148),respectively.The clinical spectrum of peripheral neuropathies encountered in Sj(o)gren's syndrome (SS) patients varied,with the pure sensory neuropathies being the most common,followed by sensorimotor neurophathies.Motor neuron disease was the most common type of central neurophathies.Compared with those without neurological manifestations,the duration of peripheral nerve system/central nerve system (PNS/CNS)-pSS patients was relatively short [(55±76) months vs (100±108) months,Z=-2.682,P＜0.05],and the antinuclear antibody (ANA) titer and RF titer were lower [(234±248) vs (377±339),Z=-2.008,P＜0.05;(126±279) U/ml vs (359±1 445) U/ml,Z=-2.243,P＜0.05].In PNS/CNS-pSS patients,the most common clinical manifestations included numbness (50％),pain (23％),and muscle weakness (63％).Conclusion The prevalence of neurological involvement in pSS is high.The duration is relatively short and the disease activity is high,but the disease features are atypical and may be neglected by rheumatologists.

Objective To analyze the 5-year survival rate,causes of death and prognostic indicators of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 243 newly diagnosed SLE patients who Were admitted into our hospital from 1998 to 2005.The clinical features and serologic data were studied.Survival rate of SLE patients over time was studied by the Kaplan-Meier method,and prognostic indicators of mortality were studied by Cox proportional hazards models.Results The 1-,3- and 5-yr survival rate was 96%,94% and 91%,respectively.Renal failure and infection were the main causes of death,followed by lupus encephalotmthy and pulmonary hypertension.Cox regression analysis revealed that lupus nephritis and lupus encephalopathy at the diagnosis were independent risk determinants for mortality.However,age,sex,low C3 level,positive anti-dsDNA antibody,hematological abnormalities,lupus lung involvement and heart damages at diagnosis and immunosuppressant treatment had no strong association with survival.Conclusion Early diagnosis,control of SLE organ damage and infection prevention are critical to improve survival of SLE patients.

Objective Antibodies against citrulline-containing peptides such as anti-perinuclear factor (APF), anti-keratin antibodies (AKA), anti-filaggrin antibodies (AFA) and anti-cyclic citruilinated peptide (CCP) antibodies are very specific in RA. In recent years, detection of APF, AKA and anti-CCP antibodies have been widely used in clinical practice. Studies on the combined detection of these ACPA in diagnosing RA are limited in number. The aim of this study is to detect combined examination of APF, AKA, and anti-CCP antibodies and compare their values in the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. The significance of combined detection of these ACPAs in rheumatoid arthritis is also investigated. Methods Five hunndred and fifly-one patients who suffered from arthritic problems during the recent two years were selected from the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology of Peking University People's Hospital. 304 of the patients were RA and 247 were diagnosed to have other rheumatic diseases based on the corresponding classification criteria. AKA and APF were tested by indirect immunofluorescence assay. Anti-CCP antibodies were tested antibodies, AKA and APF tests for RA were 76.2%, 43.6%, and 34.5%, respectively, and the specificities were highest specificity (100%), but it had a rather low sensitivity (28.3%). When two of the three ACPA were positive, the sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of RA was 48.4% and 99.2%, respectively. When either anti-CCP antibodies, AKA, or APF was treated as an individual parameter, the sensitivity was slightly increased (77.3%). However, the specificity decreased to 94.7%. Conclusion Anti-CCP antibodies are the most helpful makers for the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis among the three ACPAs which are used in clinical practice. The combined detection of anti-CCP antibodies, AKA, and APF cannot increase the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of rheumaotid arthritis.