Objective To discuss the effect of skill training for staff working in washing rooms of sterilization and supply center after application of centralized management model.Methods The training objects included all the working staff in the washing rooms and the training procedure covered four steps：preparation,discussion,implementation and evaluation.The evaluation indices involved level of post skill,cleaning and sterilization effect of instruments and satisfaction degree of staff.Results After training the level of post skills were increased dramatically(P＜0.01).The cleaning and sterilization effect of instruments was also improved(P＜0.01).96％ of staff considered their post ability elevated after training.Conclusion After skill training for staff working in washing rooms,the post skill and cleaning and sterilization quality of instruments were both enhanced.It proved valuable for guarantee of cleaning and sterilization quality of medical instruments and improvement of professional skills for staff working in washing rooms of sterilization and supply center.

According to the current situation of biochemistry teaching and the theoretical characteristics of constructivism,the necessity and feasibility of applying constructivism to the biochemistry teaching were analyzed.Consequently,the implementation strategies of constructivism theory in the process of biochemistry teaching were introduced in detail.Through the reasonable choice of teaching content and the optimal combination of various teaching methods,it was helpful not only to realize the student-centered active construction of knowledge,but also to improve the comprehensive quality of students.At last,we performed a dialectical thought on the constructivism theory.In the concrete teaching practice,the different teaching theories should be used rationally and comprehensively based on the actual situation to improve the teaching quality of biochemistry.

Objective To investigate the effect of illness severity on preterm infant's hypothalamusputituary-adrenal (HPA) axis, we measured the serum concentration of cortisol,aldosterone and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Methods Ninety preterm infants who were transferred to our hospital within 72 hours after birth were involved. These preterm infants were divided into two groups:gestational age (GA) ≥34 weeks' preterm infants and GA <34 weeks' preterm infants. We evaluated these preterm infants at the time of admission,day 7 and day 14 after birth with neonatal critical illness score (NCIS). Then they were divided into mild group and severe group by the lowest score. We measured their serum cortisol,aldosterone and ACTH at the time of admission,day 7 and day l4 after birth. Results (1) The serum cortisol concentration of preterm infants with severe illness was higher than that of preterm infants with mild illness. Among the GA ≥34 weeks' preterm infants,the serum cortisol concentration of preterm infants with severe illness was significandy higher than that of preterm infants with mild illness within 72 hours after birth (t = -2.263,P =0. 029). Among the GA <34 weeks' preterm infants,the serum cortisol concentration of preterm infants with severe illness was significantly higher than that of preterm infants with mild illness on day 14 after birth (t =-2. 913 ,P =0. 006). (2) Among the preterm infants with severe illness,the serum cortisol concentration of the GA≥34 weeks' was significantly higher than that of the GA < 34 weeks' within 72 hours after birth (t =-2. 641 ,P =0. 010) ;the serum cortisol concentration of the GA <34 weeks' was significantly higher than that of the GA≥34 weeks' on the day 14 after birth(t = -2. 189,P =0. 036) . (3) The serum cortisol concentration was significantly decreased in the GA≥34 weeks'preterm infants (F = 4. 679, P =0. 012). (4) The serum cortisol concentration of aldosterone and ACTH was not significantly different between preterm infants with severe illness and those with mild illness. Conclusion The preterm infant already has the ability to respond to stimuli by regulating cortisol secretion. The serum cortisol concentration increases as disease severity worsens.Serum aldosterone and ACTH concentration are not correlated with the severity of the disease.

Objective To optimize the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion process for acute ischemic stroke patients,so as to reduce the time of in-hospital delays.Methods A multi-disciplinary management team was established to design the flowchart of the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion process for acute ischemic stroke patients.By applying Healthcare Failure Mode and Effect(HFMEA) management mode,intervention was conducted and its effect was analyzed.Results After implementation of the HFMEA intervention,the door to needle time(DNT)was reduced from 88 (42,140) minutes to 45 (37,59) minutes(P＜0.001);the ratio of patients with the DNT＜60 minutes increased from 20％ to 87.7％(P＜0.001);the door to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion time was shortened from 207(169,227) minutes to 165(155,185) minutes (P＜O.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence and mortality of symptomatic cerebral hemorrhage between before and after intervention (P＞0.05).Conclusion Utilization of HFMEA to optimize the emergency cerebral ischemia-reperfusion process can effectively reduce the in-hospital delays of acute ischemic stroke patients.

Objective To construct an eukaryotic expression vector of human B-cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2), to express the FLAG-tagged BTG2 protein in HeLa cells,and to supply an experimental tool for investigating the function of BTG2 gene.Methods The full-length BTG2 fragment was obtained by PCR and inserted into the multiple cloning site of pcDNA3.1 (+)vector. Oligo DNA encoding FLAG tag was designed and inserted into pcDNA3.1(+)-BTG2 to construct another vector pcDNA3.1(+)-FLAG-BTG2.The HeLa cells were divided into pcDNA3.1(+)empty vector group,pcDNA3.1(+)-BTG2 group and pcDNA3.1(+)-FLAG-BTG2 group.The HeLa cells were transfected with recombinant plasmids.Western blotting using anti-FLAG antibody was performed to detect the expression of FLAG-BTG2 protein in HeLa cells.Results The sequence of the vector was verified by both BamH Ⅰ endonuclese digestion and DNA sequencing. The Western blotting analysis confirmed that FLAG-fused BTG2 was detected in pcDNA3.1(+)-FLAG-BTG2 group but not in empty vector or pcDNA3.1(+)-BTG2 groups. Conclusion The eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1(+)-FLAG-BTG2 is successfully constructed and FLAG-tagged BTG2 protein is expressed in HeLa cells.

Objective To explore the application of high frequency oscillation in the area of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of premature.Methods A total of 101 cases with RDS of premature was collected who needed the machine support in neonatal intensive care unite (NICU) during 2010.11.01-2011.10.30.Forty one cases (high frequency oscillation group) received the high frequency oscillation,while 60 cases received the common ventilation (Control Mechanical Ventilation group;control group).The results of blood gas analysis were recorded before ventilation,after ventilation for 2 hours,after ventilation for 12 hours,and after ventilation for 24 hours.The chest X-Ray and the complication were examined.Results The result of the blood-gas before ventilation,after ventilation for 2 hours,after ventilation for 12 hours,and after ventilation for 24 hours,FIO2,PO2,PCO2,and Pa(A-a) were statistically analyzed,and F-value was 16.202,14.764,16.135,8.434,P ＜ 0.01.For chest X-ray in high frequent oscillation group,there were 36 cases who had improved after ventilation 24 hours and all had improved after ventilation 72 hours;however,in common ventilation group,there were 30 cases who had improved after 24 hours and 50 cases had improved after 72 hours,x2 =15.372 and 7.584,P ＜ 0.01,there was statistical difference for two groups.However,there were not different in cerebral injury/healing damage and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) for two groups.Conclusions High frequency oscillation is an effective way to treat RDS of premature.

Objective To observe the effect of shock lymph drainage on multiple organ injury of rats with traumatic hemorrhagic shock (THS) and discuss the relating mechanism. Methods Male Wistar rats were divided into control group, lymph drainage group and lymph return group. The THS model was established in lymph drainage group and lymph return group, when the shock mesenteric lymph was drained in lymph drainage group. The change of the mean arterial pressure ( MAP), the biochemical indices of liver, kidney, myocardium and acid-base, the morphology, ATP contents and ATPase activities of lung, kidney, liver and myocardium were observed. Results The MAP at multiple time points after 80 minutes of infusion, the ATP contents and ATPase activities of multiple organs in lymph drainage group were higher than those in lymph return group. Multiple biochemical indices in lymph drainage group were superior to those in lymph return group, with statistical difference. The inflammation, congestion, degeneration and necrosis were found in organs of lymph return group, but only mild lesions could be seen in lymph drainage group. Conclusions The shock lymph drainage can alleviate multiple organ injury of THS rats, mechanism of which is correlated with improvement of the energy metabolism and maintenance of MAP and acid-base status.

Objective To explore the value of prenatal echocardiography in diagnosis of fetal ventricular septal defect (VSD).Methods Prenatal echocardiography was performed on 3 826 fetuses,and the results were compared with those of postnatal echocardiography or autopsy findings.The diagnostic accuracy,misdiagnosis rate and missed diagnosis rate of prenatal echocardiography for VSD were calculated.Results Among 3 826 fetuses,VSD was found in 61 fetuses (61/3 826,1.59％) with prenatal echocardiography,including simple VSD in 36 fetuses (36/3 826,0.94％) and VSD complicated with other heart malformations in 25 fetuses (25/3 826,0.65 ％).According to the results of autopsy and postnatal echocardiography,the final diagnosis of VSD was found in 76 cases (76/3 826,1.99％),of which simple VSD was found in 51 cases (51/3 826,1.33 ％),VSD complicated with other heart malformations were found in 25 fetuses (25/3 826,0.65％).The diagnostic accuracy,missed diagnosis rate and misdiagnosis rate of simple VSD with prenatal echocardiography was 58.82％ (30/51),41.18％ (21/51) and 1.06‰ (4/3 775),respectively.The diagnostic accuracy,missed diagnosis rate and misdiagnosis rate of VSD complicated with other heart malformations with prenatal echocardiography was 96.00％ (24/25),4.00％ (1/25) and 0.26‰ (1/3 801),respectively.Conclusion Echocardiography has important clinical value in prenatal diagnosis of fetal VSD,which can provide important references for treatment plan and prognosis evaluation.

Objective To study the transport risk and factors that influence deaths of very low birth weight (VLBW) and extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants.Method All infants transferred to our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) by our hospital transport team or local hospital transport team from January 2014 to December 2015 were included in our study.Their clinical data were retrospectively studied.The risks of transport between hospitals were analyzed.The risk factors of deaths within and after 7 days of admission were further analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression analysis.The receiver operation characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the sensitivity and specificity of mortality index for neonatal transportation (MINT),transport related mortality score (TREMS),transport risk index of physiologic stability (TRIPS) for predicting mortality of preterm infants.Result (1) A total of 527 cases of ELBW/VLBW infants were included in our study.There were no deaths during transport.There were 10.2％ (54/527) died within and 8.9％ (42/473) died after 7 days of hospitalization.(2) Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that scleredema of newborn,secondary transport,gastrointestinal malformations,metabolic acidosis,high TREMS score,and high MINT score were risk factors of mortality within 7 days of admission for ELBW/VLBW infants;necrotizing enterocolitis,intraventricular hemorrhage ≥ three degree,high MINT score and low admission weight were risk factors of mortality after 7 days of admission.(3) The area under the ROC curve for MINT,TREMS,and TRIPS score were 0.672,0.655 and 0.665,respectively.The cut-off values for MINT score (cut-off 8,sensitivity 0.444,specificity 0.829),for TREMS score (cut-off 2,sensitivity 0.500,specificity 0.757,for TRIPS score (cut-off 20,sensitivity 0.444,specificity O.829) were selected to predict mortality within 7 days of admission.Conclusion (1) Secondary transport is the transport-related risk factor of mortality within 7 days of admission for ELBW/VLBW infants.(2) High MINT score is the risk factor of mortality within and after 7 days of admission.(3) If MINT ≥ 8,TREMS ≥2,or TRIPS ≥20,it might significantly increase the risk of mortality of ELBW/ VLBW infants within 7 days of admission after transport.