Objective To investigate the clinical value of computer-assisted navigation system (CANS) in pedicle screw placement. Methods From August 2002 to June 2006, we carried out 66 cases of pedicle screw placement under the guidance of CANS; 66 cases of traditional pedicle screw placement were set as a control. Results The mean operation time of CANS group was significantly shorter [(142.3?5.3) min vs (173.4?7.1) min; t=-28.301, P=0.000] and the blood loss was significantly fewer [(798.3?10.9)ml vs (912.2?14.3) ml; t=-51.463, P=0.000] than those in the control. X-ray and CT scan respectively showed that the placement of pedicle screw in CANS group was significantly more accurate than that in the control. (?2=29.424, P=0.000; ?2=36.829, P=0.000). Conclusion Pedicle screw placement under the guidance of CANS is more accurate, safe, and micro-invasive than traditional operation.

Objective To investigate renal histopathological changes and cli ni cal characteristics in 20 women with preeclamptic nephropathy or gestational pro teinuria.Methods Between 1999 and 2002, 20 women who suffered from preeclampsia or proteinuria during pregnancy underwent postpartum renal biopsies from fifth d ay to third month after delivery. One woman repeated her renal biopsy half year later. Each biopsy specimen was divided into three parts,and processed and stain ed for conventional light microscopy(LM), immunohistology (IH) and electron micr oscopy (EM) examination. The clinicopathological data were studied and women wer e followed up after discharge for a long time. Results Sixteen of 20 women were diagnosed as preeclampsia, whose altered glomeruli demonstrated a typical endoth elial lesion (endotheliosis), and mild to moderate proliferation of mesangial ce lls. IH revealed either negative or mild IgG、IgM and C3 deposits. Focal glomeru losclerosis (FGS) was observed in one of 16 cases, whose microproteinuria (0 49 g/24 h) lasted for more than one year, meanwhile the proteinuria of other 15 wo men disappeared completely within 3～6 months after delivery. Besides, one was I gA nephropathy (IgAN) complicated preeclamptic nephropathy, whose proteinuria de creased obviously after delivery, but remained microhematuria, and endothelial l esion disappeared in repeat biopsy after half year. One was IgAN and received a treatment of adrenocorticosteroid and immunosupressive agents because of macropr oteinuria. One was mild mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis presenting co nstant microhematuria and microproteinuria. One was typeⅠmembranous nephropathy , whose proteinuria decreased remarkably after delivery as well. Conclusions Ren al histopathological changes of preeclampsis are typical endothelial lesion, and often recover completely within 6 months after delivery. Recovery may be delaye d in the case of FGS accompanied. Pregnancy may aggravate primary renal damage w hich will be improved after delivery. Postpartum renal biopsy is safe and benefi cial to early diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.

Objective To lay the physiological and biochemical basis for establishing and evaluating tree shrews model of human disease. Methods There were 92 Tupaia belangeri chinensis, in which half of them were male,they were allowed to eat nothing for 12 hours, then we sampled heart blood 0.8~1.0 mL without anesthesia and put blood samples into sterilized centrifuge tube for separation and preparation of serum. Olympus AU5400 automatic biochemistry analyzer was used to measure biochemical indexes. Then 1.5~2.0 mL of urine of each tree shrew was collected and put into sterilized centrifuge tube for measuring renal function by using Combi-scan500 urine analyzer. Fianally SPSS statistics software was used to analyse the measured values, and comapared the measured values with the human reference values. Results There were significant differences in myocardial enzymes and some renal function indexes such as lactic dehydrogenase,α- hydroxybutyric, acid dehydrogenase, creatinine, uric acid, urine specific gravity and pH value between male and female Tupaia belangeri chinensis ( <0.05), and there was no significant difference in the rest of the measured values ( >0.05) . Then determination value of Tupaia belangeri chinensis, male’s and female’s, myocardial enzyme and part of the renal function indexes were compared with the human reference values. Some indexes including urea, urine specific gravity, urine, urobilinogen were in the range of human reference value, while the values of urine bilirubin, urine nitrite. lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase isoenzyme CKMB were higher than the human reference value. White blood cell, urine protein, ketone, occult blood most of them were negative as the same to human reference value, but sometimes were positive, and the positive rates respectively were 3.95%and 46.1%,39.5%,2.63%. The measured value of Vitamin C was positive that is completely opposite to human reference value, but sometimes is negative, the negative rate was 6.6%. Conclusion Urea, urine specific gravity, urine, urobilinogen, urine bilirubin, urine nitrite can be directly used as the indexes for evaluating tree shrews models of human disease, other indexes can be used as indexes for judgment of the normal physiological and biochemical basis of tree shrews.

Objective To investigate the interference effect of baicalin on acute brain injury induced by aconitine in rats and its mechanism. Methods A total of 200 Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into five groups:normal control,baicalin control,aconitine poisoning,baicalin 15 mg/kg intervention and baicalin 30 mg/kg intervention groups(each,n=40). Aconitine(20μg/kg)was given via tail vein in aconitine poisoning group. The rats in the normal control group and baicalin control group were respectively injected with saline 2 mL/kg and baicalin 30 mg/kg via tail vein. The aconitine poisoning rats were given with baicalin at the dose of 15 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg respectively in the low and high dose baicalin intervention groups within 2-3 minutes after injection of aconitine. Rats in all groups in the study were anesthetized and sacrificed at 1,6,12,24 hours after various agents were respectively given in the groups,the rat cerebral cortex samples were collected,the histological changes in normal and baicalin control groups and pathological changes of the aconitine poisoning rats were observed,the levels of glutamate(Glu),aspartate(Asp),γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA),glycine(Gly)were detected and the apoptotic cells were determined at the above time points. Results Compared with the normal control group,the aconitine poisoning group had significantly higher levels of excitatory amino acids Glu and Asp and the number of apoptotic neurons. After exposure to aconitine for 1 hour, the levels of inhibitory amino acids of GABA and Gly were markedly decreased in the rat cortex in the poisoning group compared to the normal control group(both P<0.05),at 6 hours and 12 hours they were significantly increased and after 24 h,they began to decline,but still maintained at relatively high levels. Compared with the aconitine poisoning group, after baicalin intervention for 1 hour,in the 15 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg baicalin intervention groups,the levels of Glu and Asp were markedly decreased〔Glu(μmol/L):309.39±14.59,307.22±23.69 vs. 370.46±40.31,Asp(μmol/L):143.43±8.36,129.12±4.86 vs. 222.97±6.26〕,while the levels of GABA and Gly were increased〔GABA(μmol/L):55.91±4.76,59.61±13.11 vs. 32.05±2.20,Gly(μmol/L):32.33±1.85,33.90±0.66 vs. 21.96±4.75〕,and the number of neuronal apoptosis was obviously decreased(cell/mm2:18.65±4.10,14.80±1.89 vs. 58.15±3.68,both P<0.05). Under microscope and electron microscope,the pathological and ultrastructural changes indicated that the aconitine poisoning group had the most marked cerebral cortex damage at 12 hours after poisoning,while the two baicalin intervention groups showed milder damage than that in aconitine poisoning group. Conclusions The neural toxic effect of aconitine in rats may be related to the imbalance between the neurotransmitter contents of excitatory Glu. Asp and inhibitory GABA,Gly in the cerebral cortex. Baicalin can decrease the contents of excitatory amino acid and elevate the inhibitory amino acid,therefore it may ameliorate the cerebral injury of acute aconitine intoxication in rats.

Objective To analyze the risk factors for the failure of noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIV) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD),and to help the clinical risk assessment and decision making.Methods A retrospective case control study was conducted.The patients with AECOPD undergoing NIV admitted to Kaifeng Emergency Center from June 2011 to March 2016 were enrolled,and they were divided into two groups according to whether NIV was successful or not within 12 hours.The nutritional status,blood gas analysis,serum electrolytes,D-dimer,renal function,serum pre-albumin,as well as kinetic vital signs,Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score,expression of respiratory distress,and spontaneous expectoration were recorded.Logistic forward stepwise regression analysis was used to analyze the factors for failure of NIV.Results 122 patients.with the initial NIV were enrolled,with NIV failure in 41 patients within 12 hours,accounted for 33.6％.Compared with NIV success group,the percents of respiratory rate ≥ 25 breaths/min (75.6％ vs.17.3％),expectoration disorders (78.0％ vs.19.8％),circulatory disorders (61.0％ vs.18.5％),malnutrition (61.0％ vs.11.1％),decreased serum pre-albumin (58.5％ vs.17.3％),and GCS score ＜ 12 (75.6％ vs.28.4％) in NIV failure group were significantly increased (all P ＜ 0.05).But there were no significant differences in gender,age,body temperature,blood gas analysis,D-dimer,serum creatinine between two groups.It was shown by the results of binary logistic regression analysis that respiratory rate,expectoration disorders,circulatory disorders,malnutrition,serum pre-albumin,and GCS score were the factors of NIV failure [odds ratio (OR) values were 10.879,6.338,9.860,23.273,8.862,6.774,and P values were 0.011,0.038,0.024,0.003,0.015,0.041,respectively].It was shown by the results of logistic stepwise regression analysis that respiratory rate ≥ 25 breaths/min,expectoration disorders,circulatory disorders,malnutrition,decreased serum pre-albumin,and GCS score ＜ 12 were independent risk factors of NIV failure (OR values were 6.610,5.403,5.138,8.153,4.979,5.100,and P values were 0.007,0.013,0.023,0.007,0.027,0.023,respectively).Conclusions The multiple independent risk factors can induce NIV failure within 12 hours in emergency patients with AECOPD,i.e.increased respiratory rate,expectoration dysfunction,circulatory disorders,malnutrition,decreased serum pre-albumin,and decreased GCS score.Emergency physicians should pay attention to these early risk factors in AECOPD patients,which can be taken as correct judgment and guide.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical performance of CAD/CAM zirconia all-ceramic restorations.Methods:287 all-ce-ramic Zirconia restorations in 206 patients were included in a 3-year prospectively survey with California Dental Association Standard (CDA)as a reference.The effects and the related factors such as restoration type,tooth region,fiber reinforced composite application on survival rate were analyzed.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Log-Rank test were used for data analysis.Results:Chipping frac-tures in 5 restorations,intense gingivitis at 4 restorations and periapical inflammation for 3 restorations were observed during the obser-vation period.The 3-year cumulative survival rate (CSR)of CAD/CAMzirconia restorations was 95.7%,The differences among the CSR of single crowns(96.3%),linked crowns (93.6%)and fixed partial dentures(95.7%)were not statistically significant(P >0.05).The difference was not statistically significant(P >0.05)between the CSR of the anterior region group(94.5%)and posterior region group(96.3%)as well as difference(P >0.05)between the CSR of fiber reinforced composite group (95.0%)and without fiber reinforced composite group(96.1%).Conclusion:The cumulative survival rate of CAD/CAM zirconia all-ceramic restorations is high.Chipping fracture is the main reason of failure.Restoration type,tooth region and fiber reinforced composite have no significant effect on the survival of zirconia restorations.

Objective To investigate the expression levels of BDNF, trkB and ChAT mRNA and proteins in the brain of adult tree shrews ( Tupaia belangeri ) .Methods Quantitative real-time PCR was employed to detect the expression levels of BDNF, trkB and ChAT mRNA in the hippocampus, basal ganglia and frontal cortex of adult tree shrews.The expression levels of BDNF, trkB and ChAT proteins andβ-actin was used as internal standard.Results The expression level of BDNF mRNA was highest in the hippocampus of adult tree shrew, and there were significant differences between that in the hippocampus, and basal ganglia and frontal cortex (P<0.01).The expression level of trkB mRNA was higher in the frontal cortex than in the basal ganglia and hippocampus, showing a significant difference between them ( P<0.05).The expression level of BDNF protein was significantly higher in the basal ganglia than in the hippocampus or frontal cortex (P<0.01).There were no significant difference (P>0.05) in the expressions of trkB protein among the hippocampus, basal ganglia and frontal cortex of the adult tree shrews.There were no significant differences in expressions of ChAT mRNA and protein among the hippocampus, basal ganglia and frontal cortex in adult tree shrews ( P>0.05 ) . Conclusions The expression levels of ChAT mRNA were consistent with that of ChAT protein in the hippocampus, basal ganglia and frontal cortex of adult tree shrews, while the expression levels of BDNF and trkB mRNA were not consistent with their proteins, which might indicate that the transcriptional regulation pattern might be more complex.Tree shrew is a valuable animal model in the study of mechanism of BDNF/trkB gene expression.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of dorsal digital artery reverse island flap in the repair of distal finger skin defect.Methods From January,2011 to January,2015,60 fingers of 60 cases with dorsal branch of the digital artery were used to repair the defect of the distal finger skin.The 30 refers to the index finger,middle finger 15 fingers,10 ring fingers and 5 little fingers.Harvested area of 1.2 cm ×1.7 cm to 3.2 cm × 3.6 cm,the wrist or distal medial arm full thickness skin graft donor site.Evaluation of sensory recovery by the British Medical Research Association.Results All flaps survived.Twelve finger flap tension blisters,and the flaps survived after the stitches.Follow-up of 60 cases of 60 to hand function according to the Chinese medicine will hand surgery society of upper extremity function evaluation standard trial Tam method to evaluate the:50 excellent,10 fingers good,the excellent and good rate was 100％;48 fingers flap sensation recovery to S4 class,and 12 refers to the recovery to S3.The two-point discrimination perception of 5 to 8 mm,average 6.5 mm;patients far,nearly interphalangeal joint average activity recovery was good.Skin flap skin ruddy,soft texture,no fat,no pigmentation,fearless cold performance.No scar hypertrophy and contracture,skin pain no allergy and reoperation.Conclusion The flap for repair of distal finger skin defect is a simple,no damage to the main artery and nerve and good sensory recovery,less postoperative complications,and excellent method of flap survival.It is worth promotion in primary hospitals.

Objective To investigate the effect of midazolam on human sperm motility in vitro.Methods Sperm samples were obtained from normal adults and prepared with discontinuous percoll gradient centrifugation technique.The samples were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =10 each):control group and 2 midazolam groups.The samples were incubated with normal saline in control group and with midazolam with the final concentrations of 5 or 1 μg/ml in 2 midazolam groups.The samples were incubated for 60 min in an airtight container at 37 ℃.Then human sperm motility was examined in vitro at 37 ℃ and analyzed by the computer-assisted sperm analysis at 10,30 and 60 min exposure to midazolam,including sperm motility (a + b)％,curvilinear velocity,straight line velocity,average path velocity,amplitude of lateral head displacement,beat-cross frequency,linearity,wobble,straightness,and mean angular displacement.Results There was no significant difference in the parameters of human sperm motility within each group and between groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Midazolam has no significant effect on human sperm motility in vitro.

This study examined the association of pregnancy with urolithiasis and provided new insights into urolithiasis in pregnancy. A total of 462 subjects were studied from January 2004 to December 2009 in Foshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, China. Among the 462 subjects, 162 cases of urolithiasis during pregnancy (UPG) were selected as the observation group, 150 cases of no urolithiasis during pregnancy (NUPG) served as pregnancy control group, and 150 cases of no pregnancy (NPG) at reproductive age who took part in physical examination were randomly assigned into non-pregnant control group. At the same time, the patients in observation group were divided into the following sub-groups: no symptomatic urinary calculus (NSUC) and symptomatic urinary calculus (SUC) groups; SUC group was further divided into surgical intervention (SI) and conservative management (CM) groups. The general information and the data of blood and urine were collected and compared among the groups. The results showed that the incidence of urinary calculi in pregnant women was lower than that in non-pregnant women, the formation of urinary stone was associated with the change of metabolism of protein and sugar in pregnant women, and the surgical intervention was a practicable alternative to treat the clinical intractable symptomatic urinary calculi in pregnancy.