Objective To analyze the pathogenic characteristics of Chlamydia,Mycoplsma,Neisseria gonorrhoeae,Trichomonas,Candida and Herpes simplex virus in patients with urogenital infections and study the relevant influential factors.Methods Genital secretions of the patients who were suspicious of non gonococcal urethritis(NGU)were collected as samples to detect and cultivated Chlamydia trachomatis(Ct),Ureaplasma urealyticum(Uu),Mhominis(Mh),Neisseria gonorrhoeae(Ng),Candida(Cd),Trichomonies and the type 2 Herpes virus.At the same time,surveys with structured questionnaire were conducted.Results In the 977 detected patients,the rate of positive expression of Ct was 33.67%(329/977),Uu-16.1%(156/977),Mh-7.36%(72/977),N-2.56%(25/977),Cd-4.7%(46/977),Tv-2.87%(28/977),and HBS-2-0.72%(7/977).The rate of co-infections of two or more pathogens(mainly between Ct,Uu,Ng ang Cd)was 10.03(98/977).About 25.85% of the patients in the positive Ct and Uu group were infected without symptom.90% of NGU patients were sex active,aged 18～49 years and most of infections occurred in age group of 30～39 years.Positive rate of Ct,Uu and Cd was higher in females than in males.The infection rate due to ex-marital sexual contact was 65.30% among all the NGU patients.Conclusions(1)The Ct,Uu,Ng and Cd have a higher positive detection rate in the NGU patients in the STD clinic.(2)Co-infection with two or more pathogens are common in the NGU patients.(3)We should pay more attention to the patients with no symptoms.(4)Epidemics and transmission of NGU is largely related with a number of risk factors.

Objective To study the function of cyclooxygenase 2(COX 2) and its specific inhibitor NS 398 on the cell growth and invasion ability of urothelial carcinoma cell line EJ. Methods The cox 2 cDNA was transfected into the urothelial carcinoma cell line EJ and a cell line EJ COX 2 which highly expressed cox 2 gene permanently was gained. The cell growth rate before and after transfection was observed. Then at various concentrations of NS 398, the invasion ability was detected by Boyden Chamber and expression levels of uPA by RT PCR and Western blot. Results The EJ COX 2 cell line grew more rapidly and had a stronger invasion ability than EJ and its uPA expression increased significantly. NS 398 could dose dependently inhibit the expressions of COX 2 and uPA and the invasiveness of EJ COX 2 cell. Conclusion COX 2 can stimulate the growth of urothelial cell line EJ and promote its invasion ability by stimulating the expression of uPA.

Objective To investigate the role of neuropeptide trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) in cocaine reward responses and the underlying mechanism.Methods Fifty SD rats were divided into 6 groups including Control group,Cocaine group,Cocaine + TFF3 (0.01 mg/kg) group,cocaine + TFF3 (0.1 mg/kg) group,cocaine + TFF3 (0.5 mg/kg) group and TFF3 (0.1 mg/kg) group,ip,n=7 ～ 9),and were treated with TFF3 / saline (ip),30 min later,rats were injected with cocaine (10 mg/kg ip) followed by 1 h hypedocomotion test.Immediately after behavioral test,rats (n=4～6) were decapitated and tissues of nucleus accumbens (NAc) were isolated and prepared for neurotransmitters analysis by HPLC; Another twenty one rats were divided into control and TFF3-treatment group,and the rats were trained with a modified 2-day cocaine CPP conditioning procedure.During cocaine CPP conditioning process,saline or TFF3 (0.1 mg/kg ip) was injected 30 min prior to cocaine injection (5 mg/kg ip).Results Systemic administration of TFF3 (0.1 mg/kg,ip) significantly increased the cocaine-induced locomotor activity (Total distance in 1 hour were (180±41) cm,(359±53) cm,(590±75) cm,(153±27) cm for Control,Vehicle + Cocaine,TFF3+Cocaine and TFF3+Vehicle groups respectively) and augmented cocaine rewarding effects in CPP(Post-training CPP score were (98± 18) s,(187±24) s for Vehicle + Cocaine,TFF3+Cocaine groups respectively).TFF3 (0.1 mg/kg ip) administration increased the dopamine concentration in the NAc induced by cocaine injection ((0.65±0.1) ng/ml,(1.24±0.14) ng/ml,(1.75±0.23) ng/ml,(0.74±0.21) ng/ml for Control,Cocaine,TFF3 + Cocaine and TFF3 + Vehicle groups respectively).Conclusion TFF3 is involved in regulation of behavioral response to cocaine,which is associated with the increasing of dopamine in the NAc.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the condition of ESBLs produced by E.coli isolated from urinary tract and the drug resistance of ESBLs-producing E.coli.METHODS:The identification of bacteria was performed using ATB-Expression analysator(France);the susceptibility test was performed using K-B method,and ESBLs were detected using disc diffusion confirmatory test.RESULTS:The detection rate of ESBLs-producing E.coli was 31.8%.All(100%)of the 107 strains of ESBLs-producing E.coli were sensitive to imipenem,however,in which different degree of resistance to other antibiotics was noted.The resistance rate was significantly higher in ESBLs-producing strains than in non-ESBLs-producing strains.CON-CLUSION:In view of the high antibiotic resistance of ESBLs-producing E.coli,great importance should be attached to the detection of the ESBLs.Antibiotics should be used rationally based on the results of susceptibility test.

Objective:To predict and analyze the secondary structure and B cell epitopes of Izumo protein.Methods: The secondary structure and flexible regions of Izumo protein were predicted by the methods of Chou-Fasman,Gamier-Robson and Karplus-Schulz.Moreover,hydrophilicity plot,surface probability plot and antigenic index of Izumo protein were predicted by the methods of Kyte-Doolitde,Emini and Jameson-Wolf,respectively.Results: Izumo protein contained moreαhelix regions.There were several centers ofαhelix in the regions of 6-17,30-40,88-99,103-120,153-160,173-188,249-260,283-297,334-338 and 339-346 of Izumo protein,and several centers of βsheet in the regions of 21-25,198-200,245-248 and 320-323.Moreover,many distinct B cell epitopes in Izumo protein possibly localized in the regions of 3642,62-66,94-99,118-122,129-132,151-154,161-164,173-177,205-208,212-216,256-265,271-276,283-288,314-318 and 336-350.Conclusion:These results are helpful for identification of the dominant B cell epitopes and the functional domains of Izumo protein.

Objective To investigate the effect of melatonin on isoflurane anesthesia-induced cognitive dysfunction in aged rats.Methods Seventy-five male SD rats,aged 18-20 months,weighing 350-400 g,were randomly assigned into 5 groups(n =15 each):control group(group C),1.5％ isoflurane group(group Ⅰ),melatonin 5 mg/kg group(group M1),melatonin 10 mg/kg group(group M2)and melatonin 20 mg/kg group(group M3).Group G inhaled a gas mixture of oxygen and air for4 h and group 1 inhsled 1.5％ isoflurane for4 h.Melatonin 5,10 and 20 mg/kg(in normal saline containing 1％ DMSO)were injected intrsperitoneally at 15 min before anesthesia and 3 h after the beginning of anesthesia in groups M1,M2 and M3 respectively,and then the animals inhaled 1.5％ isoflurane for 4 h.At the end of anesthesia,5 rats in each group were chosen and blood samples were taken to perform arterial blood gas analysis and to detect the blood glucose level and expression of phosphorylated Tau(p-Tau)protein in hippocampus.Ten rats in each group were chosen at 14 d after the end of anesthesia and Morris water maze was performed 3 times a day for 5 consecutive days to assess the cognitive function.Then the animals were sacrificed and hippocampi were removed for detection of p-Tau expression by Western blot.Results There were no significant differences in the parameters of arterial blood gas analysis and blood glucose level among the 5 groups(P ＞ 0.05).Compared with group C,the escape latency at 3-5 d was significantly prolonged,the probe time was significantly shortened,and the expression of p-Tau protein was up-regulated in groups I and M1(P ＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the indexes mentioned above in groups M2 and M3 (P ＞0.05).Compared with groups 1 and M1,the escape latency at 2-5 d was significantly shortened,the probe lime was significantly prolonged,and the expression of p-Tau protein was down-regulated in groups M2 and M3 (P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant differences in the indexes mentioned above between groups I and M1,and between groups M2 and M3(P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Melatonin(10 and 20 mg/kg)can improve isoflurane anesthesia-induced cognitive dysfunclion in aged rats,which nay be related to inhibition of hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein in hippocampus.

Objective To discuss whether mild hyperuricemia can lead to kidney damage and the protection of decreased uric acid,through observing that hyperuricemia did damage to glomerulus endothelial function and cell proliferation of vascular smooth muscle in rats. Methods Fifty-four male SD rats were divided into four groups,the control group,model group (Oxonate),allopurinol group and Oxonate+allopurinol group.Rats were administered on a low sodium diet and their systolic blood pressure (SBP) were measured each 10 days.ELISA was used to detect rat plasma markers of endothelial function damage [nitric oxide (NO),type-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1),endothelin 1 (ET-1)] and cell proliferation of vascular smooth muscle[plateletderived growth factor (PDGF),cycloxygenase 2 (COX2),monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1)],and the markers of inflammatory reaction[interleukin-18 (IL-18),tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α)].PDGF and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) levels of rats were detected by immunohistochemical method.Renal tissue pathology of rats was observed. Results Compared to the control group,the plasmic concentration of COX2,ET-1,IL-18,PAI-1,PDGF,TNF-o,MCP-1 increased,and NO decreased significantly in rats of model group (all P＜0.05),expression of NOS significantly reduced and PDGF increased (all P＜0.05).Under light microscope,vascular wall thickening,intimal proliferation and lumen slight stricture without uric acid crystals in renal tissue were found in model group,which were obviously improved by using allopurinol. Conclusion Mild hyperuricemia can do damage to endothelial function of glomerulus and lead to vascular cell proliferation,which can be improved through decreasing uric acid.

Objective To investigate the effect of midazolam on human sperm motility in vitro.Methods Sperm samples were obtained from normal adults and prepared with discontinuous percoll gradient centrifugation technique.The samples were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =10 each):control group and 2 midazolam groups.The samples were incubated with normal saline in control group and with midazolam with the final concentrations of 5 or 1 μg/ml in 2 midazolam groups.The samples were incubated for 60 min in an airtight container at 37 ℃.Then human sperm motility was examined in vitro at 37 ℃ and analyzed by the computer-assisted sperm analysis at 10,30 and 60 min exposure to midazolam,including sperm motility (a + b)％,curvilinear velocity,straight line velocity,average path velocity,amplitude of lateral head displacement,beat-cross frequency,linearity,wobble,straightness,and mean angular displacement.Results There was no significant difference in the parameters of human sperm motility within each group and between groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Midazolam has no significant effect on human sperm motility in vitro.

Objective To investigate the effect of melatonin on ketamine-induced apoptosis in hippocampal neurons of fetal rats.Methods Sixteen to eighteen day pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were anesthetized.The fetal rats were obtained under sterile condition and decapitated.The hippocampal neurons were isolated and primary cultured for 5 days.The primary cultured neurons were randomly divided into 5 groups (n =6 each):control group (group C),ketamine group (group K),and 1.0,2.5 and 5.0 mmol/L melatonin groups (groups M1-3 respectively).Ketamine with the final concentration of 1 000 μmol/L was added to the culture medium and the neurons were incubated for 3 h in group K.In groups M1-3,1.0,2.5 and 5.0 mmol/L melatonin were added to the culture medium,respectively,at 60 min before the addition of ketamine,and the neurons were incubated for 3 h.While the equal volume of normal saline was added instead in group C.The neuronal viability during the developmental phase was assessed by MTT assay.The mitochondrial membrane potential (Ψm) was measured by flow cytometry.The expression of cAMP response element binding protein phosphorylation (p-CREB (Ser133)),Bcl-2,Bax,and cytochrome C was detected by Western blot.Results Compared with group C,the neuronal viability and Ψm were significantly decreased,and the expression of p-CREB and Bcl-2 was down-regulated,while the expression of Bax and cytochrome C was up-regulated in group K (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group K,Ψm was significantly increased in groups M2 and M3,and the neuronal viability was significantly increased,the expression of Bcl-2 was up-regulated,while the expression of Bax and cytochrome C was down-regulated in groups M1-3 (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Melatonin can protect the hippocampal neurons of fetal rats from apoptosis triggered by ketamine via regulating the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax,stabilizing Ψm,inhibiting the release of cytochrome C from mitoehondria,and preventing apoptosome formation.

Objective:To observe the expression of interleukin-17 and the infiltration of eosinophilic cells in nasal polyps and allergic rhinitis, and investigate the roles of IL-17 and eosinophils in the etiology of nasal polyps and allergic rhinitis.Method:A study was conducted on 21 patients of nasal polyps, 18 ones of allergic rhinitis and 12 normal individuals. Immunohistochemical stain with the rabbit monoclonal antibodies of IL-17 was carried out.The eosinophilic cells infiltrated in different tissues were stained with HE, then counted under high power filed.The data was analyzed with ANOVA of SPSS12.0 software.Result:Many IL-17 stained cells were found in the samples of nasal polyps and allergic rhinitis, which were significantly higher than those in normal individuals(P<0.05). Positive cell number in tissues of allergic rhinitis was similar to that in nasal polyps, but higher than in normal individuals. As for HE staining, there was no significant deviation of numbers of eosinophilic cell in tissue between allergic rhinitis and nasal polyps,while which differed from the normal ones(P<0.05).Conclusions:①IL-17 is a newly cytokine which expressed in mucosa of allergic rhinitis and nasal polyps tissue. It indicates the degree of immunological reaction and inflammatory reaction, and can be used as an index to research the mechanism of nasal polyps as well as allergic rhinitis.②The eosinophilic cells count was correlated with the amount of IL-17 positive cells in nasal ployps and with allergic rhinitis correlation coefficients were R=0.606(P<0.01)and R=0.446(P<0.05) respectively . It seems that eosinophils, which are regulated by IL-17, play an important roles in the development of nasal polyps and allergic rhinitis.