Field practice teaching is an important part in pharmaceutical botany. According to the problems in the traditional field practice, an innovative system of field practice teaching was built. A series of reform and innovation was integrating and rationally allocating the existing resources. Combining the tra-ditional cognitive practice teaching and self-study, image-text card of medicinal plant was edited to enrich the teaching content, and the diversification of evaluation methods was proposed. This method could mobi-lize the enthusiasm of the students, improve the comprehensive quality of students and obtain good teaching effect.

Objective To investigate the expression levels of BDNF, trkB and ChAT mRNA and proteins in the brain of adult tree shrews ( Tupaia belangeri ) .Methods Quantitative real-time PCR was employed to detect the expression levels of BDNF, trkB and ChAT mRNA in the hippocampus, basal ganglia and frontal cortex of adult tree shrews.The expression levels of BDNF, trkB and ChAT proteins andβ-actin was used as internal standard.Results The expression level of BDNF mRNA was highest in the hippocampus of adult tree shrew, and there were significant differences between that in the hippocampus, and basal ganglia and frontal cortex (P<0.01).The expression level of trkB mRNA was higher in the frontal cortex than in the basal ganglia and hippocampus, showing a significant difference between them ( P<0.05).The expression level of BDNF protein was significantly higher in the basal ganglia than in the hippocampus or frontal cortex (P<0.01).There were no significant difference (P>0.05) in the expressions of trkB protein among the hippocampus, basal ganglia and frontal cortex of the adult tree shrews.There were no significant differences in expressions of ChAT mRNA and protein among the hippocampus, basal ganglia and frontal cortex in adult tree shrews ( P>0.05 ) . Conclusions The expression levels of ChAT mRNA were consistent with that of ChAT protein in the hippocampus, basal ganglia and frontal cortex of adult tree shrews, while the expression levels of BDNF and trkB mRNA were not consistent with their proteins, which might indicate that the transcriptional regulation pattern might be more complex.Tree shrew is a valuable animal model in the study of mechanism of BDNF/trkB gene expression.

A highly sensitive and selective DNA biosensor is described based on the fluorescence quenching ability of MoS2 nanosheet and exonucleaseⅢ( ExoⅢ) assisted dual-signal amplification. In this sensor, the fluorescence probes ( HP1 and HP2 ) cannot be degraded by Exo Ⅲdue to the 3 '-termini protrusion and thus are adsorbed on the surface of MoS2 nanosheets, which will result in the quenching of MoS2 nanosheets toward the probes and induce a low fluorescent signal. The presence of the target DNA leads to the desorption of probes on the surface of MoS2 nanosheets due to the hybridization toward probes, generating many fluorescent fragments by Exo Ⅲdigestion and inducing dual-signal amplification. This method can improve the sensitivity and detection limit compared with single amplification method, and shows excellent selectivity in the discrimination of single base mismatched targets. On the basis of the significantly high sensitivity, the developed biosensor can be potentially extended to detect various DNA targets with excellent sequence selectivity.

The HPLC-MS/MS method was developed to profile the dynamics of abscisic acid (ABA) and ABA-glucose ester (ABA-GE) after cloning glycosyltransferase enzyme family gene AtUGT71C5 into Arabidopsis thaliana. By constructing over-expression lines (OE) and down-expression lines (DN), we acquired mutant strains to analyze the function of AtUGT71C5. The multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) was used for quantitative determination in negative mode. The transition was m/z 263.1-153.0 for ABA ([M-H]t), m/z 425.1-263.0 for ABA-GE ([M-H]t), and m/z 321.0-152.0 for chloramphe-nicol. The linear range was 0.8684-217.1 ng/mL for ABA and 0.3920-196.0 ng/mL for ABA-GE. The accuracy was 88.0-109.0% for ABA and 86.6-113.0% for ABA-GE; the inter-day and intra-day precisions were less than 5.4%for ABA and 8.9%for ABA-GE, respectively. This method is simple and sensitive enough for determination of ABA and ABA-GE in A. thaliana leaves. All the evidence confirmed the speculation that AtUGT71C5 can mediate abscisic acid homeostasis.

Radix et Rhizoma Rhei is one of the major Chinese medicinal herbs,with a long medicinal history and extensive clinical application.It has the effects of purgation,clearing heat and fire,cooling blood and detoxifying,expelling stasis and channeling meridian,diuresis and retreating yellow,etc.Its chemical constituents mainly include anthraquinones,anthrones,stilbenes,benzophenones,polysaccharides,tannins,and volatile oils.The pharmacological effects mainly include purgation,anti-inflammation,anti-tumor,lipid regulation,renal protection,liver protection,and anti-angiogenesis.This article summarizes the main chemical constituents and modern pharmacological effects of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei,aiming to provide a reference for the research of clinical use and pharmacological effects of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei.

Objective:To examine the mid - and long-term outcomes of surgical treatment of brachiocephalic Takayasu arteritis.Methods:This is a retrospective case series study. The clinical data of 39 patients,which had been diagnosed as brachiocephalic Takayasu arteritis (244 cases),who underwent surgical treatment,were analyzed between July 2012 to November 2022 at Department of Endoluminal Vascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. There were 5 males and 34 females, aged (37.9±14.0)years (range:13 to 71 years). Despite medical treatment, the patients suffered severe ischemic symptoms continually and then underwent surgical interventions. Among them, 20 patients underwent endovascular procedures, 11 underwent open surgical procedures, and 8 underwent hybrid procedures. Patients were followed up through outpatient visits at 1, 3, 6 months after surgery and once every year later. Follow-up was conducted until November 2022. Operation status, postoperative complications and re-intervention of patients were recorded and the Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to analyze postoperative vascular patency rates.Results:All 39 surgeries were successful, with no intraoperative death or serious complications. The follow-up period was (48.8±38.2) months(range:1 to 123 months). Thirty-three patients experienced symptom relief after surgery, and 6 patients required secondary surgical interventions. The patency rates for the endovascular treatment group at 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year were 95.0%, 75.2%, 60.2%, and 60.2%, respectively, while the patency rates for open surgery were all 90.9%. In the hybrid surgery group, the patency rates at 1-, 3-, 5-, and 8-year were all 87.5%.Conclusion:For patients with brachiocephalic Takayasu arteritis, choice of an appropriate blood flow revascularization intervention should be based on the patient′s condition,and the mid-and long-term outcomes are satisfactory.

Objective:To examine the mid - and long-term outcomes of surgical treatment of brachiocephalic Takayasu arteritis.Methods:This is a retrospective case series study. The clinical data of 39 patients,which had been diagnosed as brachiocephalic Takayasu arteritis (244 cases),who underwent surgical treatment,were analyzed between July 2012 to November 2022 at Department of Endoluminal Vascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. There were 5 males and 34 females, aged (37.9±14.0)years (range:13 to 71 years). Despite medical treatment, the patients suffered severe ischemic symptoms continually and then underwent surgical interventions. Among them, 20 patients underwent endovascular procedures, 11 underwent open surgical procedures, and 8 underwent hybrid procedures. Patients were followed up through outpatient visits at 1, 3, 6 months after surgery and once every year later. Follow-up was conducted until November 2022. Operation status, postoperative complications and re-intervention of patients were recorded and the Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to analyze postoperative vascular patency rates.Results:All 39 surgeries were successful, with no intraoperative death or serious complications. The follow-up period was (48.8±38.2) months(range:1 to 123 months). Thirty-three patients experienced symptom relief after surgery, and 6 patients required secondary surgical interventions. The patency rates for the endovascular treatment group at 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year were 95.0%, 75.2%, 60.2%, and 60.2%, respectively, while the patency rates for open surgery were all 90.9%. In the hybrid surgery group, the patency rates at 1-, 3-, 5-, and 8-year were all 87.5%.Conclusion:For patients with brachiocephalic Takayasu arteritis, choice of an appropriate blood flow revascularization intervention should be based on the patient′s condition,and the mid-and long-term outcomes are satisfactory.

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with spontaneous splenorenal shunt (SSRS) in liver cirrhosis, and to compare the effects and prognosis of different treatments.Methods:The data of cirrhotic patients with SSRS at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between 2016-2022 were retrospectively analyzed.Patients were divided into Group A receiving conservative treatment, Group B by simple embolization, Group C undergoing TIPS combined with embolization, and Group D given liver transplantation. Life status, liver function changes, incidences of adverse events, and survival between groups were compared.Results:SSRS diameter was positively correlated with blood ammonia ( R=0.478) and negatively correlated with portal vein diameter ( R=-0.301). SSRS diameter is a protective factor for gastrointestinal hemorrhage and ascites and a risk factor for hepatic encephalopathy; Blood ammonia decreased and prothrombin time prolonged after treatment in group A ( P<0.05), blood ammonia decreased and albumin increased in group B ( P<0.05). Hemoglobin and bilirubin increased in group C ( P<0.05), blood ammonia and bilirubin decreased and platelets and albumin increased in group D ( P<0.05); Survival analysis showed that the prognosis of groups A and C was related to liver function, and the survival rate of group D was the highest of all ( P<0.05). Conclusions:SSRS embolization is safe and effective, and liver transplantation improves patient survival. Individualized treatment should be selected based on patient symptoms, liver function, and shunt diameter.

Objective:To establish a brain metastasis (BM) prediction model for limited-stage small cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC) patients who achieved complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) after thoracic chemoradiotherapy, and to explore the value of prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) in different risk groups.Methods:Clinical data of 274 patients with LS-SCLC who achieved CR/PR after thoracic chemoradiotherapy in Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital from January 2010 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, including 144 cases in the PCI group and 130 in the non-PCI group. The nomogram was developed based on variables determined by univariate and multivariate analyses in the non-PCI group. The bootstrap method, receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve, calibration curve and decision curve analysis (DCA) were employed to evaluate the predictive power and clinical benefits of the model. Patients were stratified into high- and low-risk groups based on risk scores. The brain metastases-free survival (BMFS), progression-free survival (PFS), extracranial progression-free survival (ePFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared between patients with and without PCI in different risk-stratified populations using the log-rank test.Results:The nomogram included five variables: systemic immune inflammation index (SII), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), pro-gastrin-releasing peptide precursor (ProGRP), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and blood calcium. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the nomogram in predicting 1- and 2-year BMFS was 0.761 and 0.822. In the low-risk group, there was no significant difference in the BMFS ( P=0.374), PFS ( P=0.551), ePFS ( P=0.508) and OS ( P=0.767) between the PCI and non-PCI groups. In the high-risk group, PCI could significantly increase the BMFS ( P<0.001) and PFS ( P=0.022), while there was no significant difference in the ePFS ( P=0.963) and OS ( P=0.632). And propensity score-matching (PSM) analysis showed similar results. Conclusions:PCI does not improve OS in LS-SCLC patients regardless of high or low risk of BM. However, PCI significantly prolong the BMFS and PFS in patients at a high risk of BM.

Objective To observe the effects of different dosages of ginsenoside Rb1 preconditioning on spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats, and the possible mechanism. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham group (n=12), model group (n=12), and 10 mg/kg (D10, n=12), 20 mg/kg (D20, n=12), 40 mg/kg (D40, n=12) and 80 mg/kg (D80, n=12) drug groups. Spinal cord ischemia for ten minutes and reperfusion model was established, and the drug groups were injected ginsenoside Rb1 intraperitoneally in their dosages 30 minutes before modeling. They were assessed with BBB score 48 hours after reperfusion, and then were sacrificed for HE staining, TUNEL staining and immunohistochemistry staining of survivin.Results The BBB score was more in the drug groups than in the model group (P<0.05), and was the most in D40 and D80 groups. The expression of survivin was more in the drug groups than in the model group (P<0.05), and was the most in D40 and D80 groups. The apoptosis of neurons was less in the drug groups than in the model group (P<0.05), and was the least in D40 and D80 groups.Conclusion The ginsenoside Rb1 could promote the expression of survivin, inhibit apoptosis of neurons, to protect the neural function, in dose-dependent manner somehow.