Objective To analyze the pathogenic characteristics of Chlamydia,Mycoplsma,Neisseria gonorrhoeae,Trichomonas,Candida and Herpes simplex virus in patients with urogenital infections and study the relevant influential factors.Methods Genital secretions of the patients who were suspicious of non gonococcal urethritis(NGU)were collected as samples to detect and cultivated Chlamydia trachomatis(Ct),Ureaplasma urealyticum(Uu),Mhominis(Mh),Neisseria gonorrhoeae(Ng),Candida(Cd),Trichomonies and the type 2 Herpes virus.At the same time,surveys with structured questionnaire were conducted.Results In the 977 detected patients,the rate of positive expression of Ct was 33.67%(329/977),Uu-16.1%(156/977),Mh-7.36%(72/977),N-2.56%(25/977),Cd-4.7%(46/977),Tv-2.87%(28/977),and HBS-2-0.72%(7/977).The rate of co-infections of two or more pathogens(mainly between Ct,Uu,Ng ang Cd)was 10.03(98/977).About 25.85% of the patients in the positive Ct and Uu group were infected without symptom.90% of NGU patients were sex active,aged 18～49 years and most of infections occurred in age group of 30～39 years.Positive rate of Ct,Uu and Cd was higher in females than in males.The infection rate due to ex-marital sexual contact was 65.30% among all the NGU patients.Conclusions(1)The Ct,Uu,Ng and Cd have a higher positive detection rate in the NGU patients in the STD clinic.(2)Co-infection with two or more pathogens are common in the NGU patients.(3)We should pay more attention to the patients with no symptoms.(4)Epidemics and transmission of NGU is largely related with a number of risk factors.

BACKGROUND: It is demonstrated that ropivacaine has less toxicity than bupivacaine, but bupivacaine has higher liposolubility and efficacy, so a less dose of bupivacaine is needed in clinical comparing with ropivacaine. Serious convulsion is usually followed by cardiotoxicity induced by local anesthetics. The ratio of medial lethal dose (CD50) and median convulsant doses (LD50) is usually used to assess the comparative safety of local anesthetics.OBJECTIVE: To establish CD50 and LD50 of 2% lidocaine, 0.75% bupivacaine and 0.75% ropivacaine for Kunming mice and select proper indicator for neurotoxicity, then to compare neurotoxicity of the three local anesthetics on central nervous system.DESIGN: Randomized and controlled study.SETTING: Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology.MATERIALS: This study was carried out from July to December in 2002 in the Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tonji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Totally 310Kunming mice aged of 1-month with clean grade were enrolled in this study.METHODS: ① To determine the relation of dose of local anesthetics with conclusion rate and death rate in mice. Todetermine the dose-effect relationship for ropivacaine, 50 mice were selected and divided into 5 groups with 10rates in each group who received dose of 76.80, 68.69, 61.44,49.15, 31.46 mg/kg respectively. For bupivacaine, 90 mice were divided into 9 groups, with 10 rates in each group who received intraperitoneal dose of 50.00, 47.29, 44.72, 42.29, 40.00, 35.78, 32.00, 28.62, 25.60 mg/kg respectively. For lidocaine, 100 mice were divided into 10 groups,with10rates in each group who received dose of 183.11, 163.77, 146.48,131.02, 117.19, 93.75, 75.00, 60.00, 48.00, 38.40 mg/kg respectively. For each local anes thetic, the rates of convulsion or death were tried to distribute on both sides of 50% symmetrically. On the dose-response curve, 4or 5 well-spaced points were obtained for probit analysis to determine CD50 and LD50 of each agent. ② The effect of different dose of lidocaine on conclusion duration and c-fos expression in brain with different doses.Forty mice were divided into 4 groups with 10 rates in each group who received 0, 30%, 60% and 90% convulsant doses of lidocaine intraperitoneally. The duration of convulsion were recorded carefully for the convulsant mice that should be marked correctly for next procedure. Two hours later, the convulsant mice were anesthetized deeply and fixed by transcardiac perfusion for Immunohistochemistry to detect c-Fos expression. ③ Comparison of neurotoxicity induced by CD50 of three agents.Thirty mice were randomly divided into 3 groups with 10 rates in each group who received intraperitoneally CD50 of lidocaine, bupivacaine and ropivacaine respectively. The duration of convulsion and the number of neurons expressed with c-Fos in mice brain were compared among these three groups.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The response of mice to intraperitoneal local anesthestics, duration of convusion and c-Fos expression using immunohistochemistry methods.RESULTS: Date of totally 310 mice was entered into final results analysis. ① The relation of dose of local anesthetics and conclusion rate or death rate in mice. The therapeutic index (LD50/CD50) of 2% lidocaine,0.75% bupivacaine and 0.75% ropivacaine were 2.89, 1.48 and 1.34, respectively. ② c-Fos expression induced by lidocaine in mice brain: The cFos expression in mice brain was mainly distributed in three zones-thalamencephal, hypothalamus, amydyla and pyriform cortex. ③ Compare of the duration of convulsion and number of neurons with c-Fos expression induced by different dose oflidocaine. Compared with control group, the duration of convulsion and number of neurons with c-Fos expression in amydyla and pyriform cortex all increased significantly in CD30, CD60and CD90 group (P ＜ 0.05). ④ Neurotoxicity induced by CD50 of lidoacaine, bupivacaine and ropivacasine The duration of convulsion and expression of c-fos in amydyla and pyriform cortex were significantly increased in ropivacaine group compared to bupivacaine or lidocaine group intraperitoneally (P ＜ 0.05). There were no significant differences in the duration of convulsion and expression of c-Fos between lidocaine and bupivacaine group (P ＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION: Compared with bupivacaine, ropivacaine produced less toxicity when identical dose was used in clinic. It is indicated that if an accidental convulsion induced by ropivacaine, it may be more severe than that induced by correspondent either lidocaine or bupivacaine. It may be the reason that ropivacaine have less lipid solubility, absorbed easily from this tissue compartment, and to get a high concentration in blood.

Epilepsy is the common neurological disease, and antiepileptic drugs are the main means for the treatment of epilepsy. However, there is no conclusion on the timing of drug withdrawal in patients with epilepsy. In recent years, some large-scale prospective studies have provided some guidance on anti-epileptic drugs withdrawal. This article focused on the factors affecting the prognosis and timing of drug withdrawal, hoping to further the understanding of anti-epileptic drugs withdrawal and instruct clinical practise.

Objective To investigate the effect of Hedan tablet combined with fluvastatin on serum LDL and heart rate variability in patients with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CHD).Methods 110 patients with coronary heart disease who were treated from March 2015 to June 2016 in our hospital were selected and randomly divided into observation group and control group, with 55 cases in each group.The patients in the observation group were treated with Hedan tablet combined with fluvastatin, and the control group was treated with fluvastatin.The changes of heart rate variability, blood lipids and inflammatory factors were compared before and after treatment, and the clinical curative effect was observed.Results After treatment, the total effective rate of the observation group was 96.4%, significantly higher than the control group 85.5%, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).The SDNN of the observation group was (85.42 ±9.11) ms and the SDANN was (49.11 ±5.13) ms, was significantly higher than those in the control group (76.87 ±8.12) ms, (44.16 ±4.76) ms.In the observation group, TC was (4.14 ±0.45) mmol/L, TG was (1.26 ±0.16) mmol/L, LDL was (2.08 ±0.31) mmol/L, significantly lower than the control group (4.78 ±0.51) mmol/L, (1.42 ±0.18) mmol/L, (2.43 ± 0.27) mmol/L, and HDL levels was (1.51 ±0.18) mmol/L, significantly higher than those in the control group (1.35 ±0.15) mmol/L, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05), and the levels of inflammatory factors in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion Hedan tablets combined with fluvastatin in treating coronary atherosclerotic heart disease can effectively reduce serum LDL levels, improve heart rate variability, significantly improve the treatment effect.

Objective To study curative efficacy of benazepril combined with atorvastatin on N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and its efficacy in the treatment of chronic cardiac failure. Methods 90 patients of chronic heart failure were selected as research objects. The control group were treated with benazepril, while the observation group were treated with benazepril combined with atorvastatin, 45 cases in each group. Then before and after treatment of 6 months, the cardiac function of left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD), left ventricular end systolic dimension (LVESD), left ventricular eject fraction (LVEF), C-reactionprotein (CRP), interleukin- 6 (IL-6, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and plasma NT-proBNP levels were compared between two groups, and the efficacy was observed. Results After treatment, LVEDD and LVESD in observation group were lower than those in control group, the LVEF was higher than that in control group(P<0.05). The CRP,IL-6 and TNF-αlevels in observation group were lower than those in control group(P<0.05). The plasma NT-proBNP level in observation group was significantly lower than that in control group(P<0.05). The total effective rate of observation group was statistically higher than that that in the control group 95.55%(43/45)vs. 77.77%(35/45)(P<0.05). Conclusion Benazepril combined with atorvastatin in the treatment of chronic heart failure is significant, can reduce plasma NT-proBNP levels, improve the inflammatory factor.

Objective To discuss the diagnosis and inductive chemoradiotherapy of stage Ⅲ and stage Ⅳa invasive thymoma.Methods Clinical data of 13 cases with incomplete resected invasive thymoma were analyzed retrospectively,among which 8 cases were in stage Ⅲ and 5 cases in stage Ⅳa.All the 13 cases had invasion of major vessels,pericardial and lung tissues,or had metastasis of pleura and pericardium.Each patient got pathological diagnosis by fine needle aspiration,video-assisted thoracoscopic biopsy or anterior mediastinal biopsy.After 3 cycles of NP or CAP inductive chemotherapy and synchronous radiotherapy,tumors shrank and got palliative or complete surgical resection.The Follow up ranged from 2.8 to 9 years.Results All the 13 cases were malignant thymoma,including 4 cases of type B2,6 cases of type B3 and 5 cases of type C.7 patients got radical resection and 2 got palliative resection.9 patients survived more than 3 years after operation,7 patients survived more than 5 years,one patient even lived 8 years,and the other 4 patients without getting surgery died in 4 years.Conclusion Inductive chemoradiotherapy could shrink stage Ⅲ and stage Ⅳa invasive thymoma,reduce clinical stage,improve the resection rate,and prolong survival.

Objective: To explore the prevalence of depression in junior school students and its relationship with potential psychological and environmental factors. Method:Depressive symptoms, self-esteem, life events, social support, family cohesion and conflict were investigated with self-report questionnaire in 300 junior school students, the relationship between depression and other psychological or environmental factors were analyzed through stepwise regression. Results:The prevalence of depression in junior high school students was 11%. Among the 5 investigated psychological and environmental factors, self-esteem and social support were negatively related with depression (standardized regression coefficient were -0.59 and -0.14), while life events positively related with it(standardized regression coefficient was 0.26). Only "academic pressure" and another factors covering the item "do not want to go to school" showed a negative association with the students' self-esteem among the 6 factors included in the life events questionnaire (standardized regression coefficient were -0.149 and -0.13).Conclusion: Depression is common among junior school students. Poor self-esteem, lack of social support and negative life events are currently related with the development of adolescent depression. The pressure and failing experiences coming from academic activities are the most influential life events to the development of adolescents' self-esteem.

Objective To study the effect of perinatal exposure to sulphamethazine on the expression of neurotrophs(NGF and BDNF) in the hippocampus of offspring in rats.Methods The dams(SD rats) were fed with sulphamethazine at the doses of 50,100 and 200 mg/(kg.d) respectively from gestational day 7 to postpartum day 21.The brains of the pups aged 30 days were collected and the expression of NGF and BDNF was determined by immunohistochemistry staining.Results The expression of NGF in CA1 and CA3 of hippocampus significantly decreased in all pups of perinatal exposure to sulfamethazine(P

Objective: To evaluate the properties of PLA-PEG as a biodegradable scaffold material combined with rhBMP-2 for bone construction.Methods:PLA-PEG/rhBMP-2 multipore compound was prepared,then compression intensity and compression module were tested.The mandibular defect model was made in 20 rabbits,then PLA-PEG/rhBMP-2 was implanted into the defects on one side,and PLA-PEG without rhBMP-2 was implanted into the defect on another side as the control.The bone specimens were retrieved to make density analysis with X-ray photogram following sacrifice of the rabbits 2,4,8 and 16 weeks respectively after operation,then the specimens were decalcified to make histopathological observation by means of HE stain.Results:Compression intensity(MPa) of the PLA-PEG/(rhBMP)-2 compound was 30.05?3.12,and compression module(MPa) was 371.67?12.37.At 2,4,8 and 16 weeks,more new bone was observed,and higher intensity(P

Controlling serum phosphorus levels is critical in patients with renal failure. Currently phosphate-binding agents are widely used to reduce phosphate absorption in patients with endstage renal disease. If possible,serum phosphorus level should be reduced without disturbing calcium homeostasis or increasing accumulation of potentially toxic elements. Aluminum hydroxide and traditional calcium -based phosphate binders are commonly used to control serum phosphorus level. Aluminum hydroxide can effectively lower serum phosphorus level,but aluminum can accumulates in the body and results in toxic effect. Traditional calcium-based phosphate binders tend to promote hypercalcemia and calcium overloading,and accelerate cardiovascular calcification. Therefore aluminum -free and calcium-free phosphate-binding agents have become the focus of study; however,agents like sevelamer hydrochloride and lanthanum carbonate are not widely used due to high price,although they are effective in controlling serum phosphorus level. New generation of phosphate binders,such as colestilan,nicotinic acid and magnesium salt,are cheaper than their previous counterparts,but their long -term effect still needs to be observed. This article summarizes the progress of non-calcium phosphate binders in treatment of end-stage renal diseases,hoping to help clinical drug usage.