ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism causing the sex differences in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).MethodsEAE model was established with PLP 139-151 in SJL/J mice. The sex differences of illness state were evaluated by neurologic score, and that of response of peripheral lymphocytes to autologous antigens were detected by methods of MTT and ELISA.ResultsThe onset time of female SJL mice was 15±2.1 days less than that of male ones (22±4.3 days), and the feature of diseases course of female mice was relapse after recovery, but that of male mice was transient. No significant differences were observed in T cell responses and interferon-γ productions between male and female mice (P>0.05). Male mice secreted more interleukin-4 than female mice (P<0.01).ConclusionThe sex differences of EAE in mice are due to peripheral lymphocytes secreting more interleukin-4 in male mice.

Objective To discuss the effect of staining with the mixture of methylene blue and meglucamine diatrizoate on removal and diagnosis of minute mammary lesion(diameter≤ 1. 0cm). Methods 212 cases of mammary lesion were removed and diagnosed by the method of B-ultrosound and staining with the mixture of methylene blue and meglucamine diatrizoate. Results All of cases were removed and diagnosed successfully, including 7cases of early invasive ductus cancer and 1 case of ductal carcinoma in situ. Conclusion The method of staining with the mixture of methylene blue and meglucamine diatrizoate could significantly improve the accuracy of removal of minute mammary lesion and the percentage of diagnois of early breast cancer, and have high safety.

Objective To establish a zebrafish IGFBP-2 gene knock-down model by morphilino modified antisense oligonucleotide injection, so as to investigate the abnormal phenotypes of heart and vessels in early stage of zebrafish development and the expression of zebrafish cardiogenesis related genes. Methods The spatiotemporal expression of IGFBP-2 gene in early stage of zebrafish development was testified by whole mount in situ hybridization with antisense RNA IGFBP-2 probe. The IGFBP-2 morpholino (IGFBP-2 MO) that especially inhibited the gene promoter and standard control morpholino (Con-MO) were designed and synthesized by Gene-tools Corporation. Four different concentration gradients (0.05, 0.10, 0.25 and 1.0 mmol/L) were set as IGFBP-MO injection groups with 0.25 mmol/L Con-MO injection group and wild type group as controls. Contribution to the incidence of heart abnormal phenotypes and mortality rate induced by 4 different IGFBP-2 concentrations injection group was recorded and compared with 2 control groups. Heart abnormal phenotypes at different developmental stages in 0.25 mmol/L IGFBP-2 injection group were observed in detail. To validate the effectiveness of IGFBP-2 MO, the expression of enhanced green fluorescence presented by wild type zebrafish embryos at 12hpf which received single injection of IGFBP-2 EGFP recombinant plasmid and those co-injected with Con-MO or IGFBP-2 MO were detected. To investigate the regulation relationship between IGFBP-2 gene and other cardiogenesis related genes, expression of atrium specific marker gene Amhc was detected in IGFBP-2 MO and wild type group by in situ hybridization. Ventricle specific green fluorescence of Vmhc-EGFP transgenic zebrafish embryos whose IGFBP-2 gene was knocked-down were compared with those untreated. Zebrafish peripheral vascular development in the IGFBP-2 MO group was also checked out by micro-angiography. Results Whole mount in situ hybridization revealed that IGFBP-2 gene expressed in turn at eyes, midbrain and then focused on liver in early stage of zebrafish development. The micro-injection of 0.25 mmol/L IGFBP-2 MO resulted in heart malformation in nearly 60% of all injected zebrafish embryos. Heart malformation phenotypes included slow heart beat, pericardial edema, weak ventricle systole contraction and heart tube looping disorder. Some of them represented atria dilation, blood regurgitation and ciculation obstruction. Wild type zebrafish embryos that received single injection of IGFBP-2 EGFP plasmid DNA or co-injected with Con-MO presented strong enhanced green fluorescence at 12hpf, meanwhile, the fluorescence was barely seen in the embryos co-injected with IGFBP-2 MO. This strongly validated the gene specific knock-down effect of IGFBP-2 MO. Amhc was down-regulated at 48hpf in IGFBP-2 MO group. Vmhc-EGFP transgenic zebrafish down-regulated by IGFBP-2 gene also resulted in attenuated expression of ventriclar-specific green fluorescence protein at 48hpf. Intersegmental blood vessels of IGFBP-2 MO group by micro-angiography at 60hpf demonstrated an sparsate and chaos image, which suggested that IGFBP-2 gene expression was involved in the regulation of normal vascular development. Conclusions Micro-injection of IGFBP-2 MO is an efficient way to knock-down IGFBP-2 gene in zebrafish embryos. IGFBP-2 gene expression down-regulation leads to heart and vessels maldevelopment and have an impact on the expression of cardiogenesis related genes of zebrafish embryos as well. In short, IGFBP-2 plays a critical role in the normal cardiovascular development of zebrafish embryos.

BACKGROUND: Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis has become the most classical animal model for multiple sclerosis. However, the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model of China presented one-way course of disease. By using proteolipid protein 139-151 and proteolipid protein 178-191, relapse remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis models may be induced in SJL/J mice which were susceptible to immune, which have similar clinical situation, course and histologicallterations to multiple sclerosis.OBJECTIVE: To establish the relapse remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouse model induced by proteolipid protein, which has similar clinical situation, course and histological alterations to multiple sclerosis.DESIGN: Completely randomized controlled study.SETTING: The centre of Neuro-information, and Neurological Institute,General Hospital of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: The study was carried out at the Laboratory of Neuro-pathology, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, from February to June 2004.Sixty female SJL/J mice with 8-12 weeks old were selected and randomly divided into proteolipid protein 139-151 group and proteolipid protein-178-191 group with 30 in each.INTERVENTIONS: After injected with proteolipid protein-139-151 or proteolipid protein-178-191, the models of relapse remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis were induced, and the body weight and neurological signs of each female SJL/J mouse were viewed. The tissue morphological changes of models were observed with hematoxylin and eosin and uxol fast blue stain.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The neurological symptoms and signs,features of relapse and remitting and the perivascular inflammatory cell infiltration, demyelinated lesion of the model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouse induced by two proteolipid protein peptides.RESULTS: All 60 mice entered the final analysis. ① Significant neurological symptoms, signs and features of relapse and remitting was manifested in the model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouse induced by two proteolipid protein peptides. Obvious phenomena of perivascular inflammatory cuffing, satellitism, predominant perivascular inflammatory cell infiltration and demyelinated lesion were found in spinal and cerebral tissue. ②Changes of body mass: Before immunity, the body mass of mice in two groups was( 17. 84 ± 2.59) g and (17. 88 ± 0.52) g respectively. Onset of relapse of the mice in proteolipid protein-178-191 group was earlier and faster, their body mass had no distinctive change after immunization and the mean body mass was(23.52 ± 2.37) g till the 60th day. Meanwhile, Onset of relapse of the mice in proteolipid protein-139-151 group was later and slower. After the immunity, the body mass of mice was little decrease, and the body mass was (16. 70 ±0.46) g on the 60th day. ③ Neural functional scores: The highest functional scores in the two groups were not different(3.86 ± 1.10vs 3.71 ±1.05, t=0.49, P=0.628).CONCLUSION: The two different antigenic peptides of proteolipid protein can all cause the autoimmune response of central nervous system. Both models have the same characters of relapse and remitting and the severity has no significant difference. But compared with proteolipid protein 139- 151 group,onset and recover of the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis of the mice in proteolipid protein 178-191 group were earlier, as well as weight variance was larger, which maybe due to the different structure of two peptides.

Objective:To evaluate the feasibility and success rate of in-plane ultrasound-guided paravertebral block using laterally intercostal approach.Methods:In the study,27 patients undergoing elective thoracic surgery were selected to do paravertebral block preoperatively.The fifth intercostal space was scanned by ultrasound probe which was placed along the long axis of the rib and 8 cm lateral to the midline of the spine.The needle was advanced in increments aiming at the space between the internal and innermost intercostal muscles.Once the space between the muscles was achieved,20 mL of 0.5％ (mass fraction) ropivacaine was injected and a catheter was inserted.Whether the tip of catheter was in right place was evaluated by ultrasound image.The block dermatomes of cold sensation were recorded 10,20 and 30 min after the bolus drug was given.Then 0.2％ ropivacaine was infused with 6 mL/h via the catheter by an analgesia pump postoperatively.The block dermatomes of cold sensation and pain score were recorded 1,6,24 and 48 h postoperatively.Results:The first attempt success rate of catheteration was 81.48 ％ (22/27);the tips of catheter were proved in right places after the second or third attempt in 5 patients.The median numbers of the block dermatomes 10,20 and 30 min after the bolus drug was given were 2,3,4;the median numbers of block dermatomes were 5,5,5,4,and of pain score were 1,1,2,2 at 1,6,24,48 h postoperatively;no case of bilateral block,pneumothorax or vessel puncture occurred.Conclusion:Thoracic paravertebral block using laterally intercostal approach is feasible,which has high success rate of block and low rate of complications.

Objective To investigate the interference effect of baicalin on acute brain injury induced by aconitine in rats and its mechanism. Methods A total of 200 Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into five groups:normal control,baicalin control,aconitine poisoning,baicalin 15 mg/kg intervention and baicalin 30 mg/kg intervention groups(each,n=40). Aconitine(20μg/kg)was given via tail vein in aconitine poisoning group. The rats in the normal control group and baicalin control group were respectively injected with saline 2 mL/kg and baicalin 30 mg/kg via tail vein. The aconitine poisoning rats were given with baicalin at the dose of 15 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg respectively in the low and high dose baicalin intervention groups within 2-3 minutes after injection of aconitine. Rats in all groups in the study were anesthetized and sacrificed at 1,6,12,24 hours after various agents were respectively given in the groups,the rat cerebral cortex samples were collected,the histological changes in normal and baicalin control groups and pathological changes of the aconitine poisoning rats were observed,the levels of glutamate(Glu),aspartate(Asp),γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA),glycine(Gly)were detected and the apoptotic cells were determined at the above time points. Results Compared with the normal control group,the aconitine poisoning group had significantly higher levels of excitatory amino acids Glu and Asp and the number of apoptotic neurons. After exposure to aconitine for 1 hour, the levels of inhibitory amino acids of GABA and Gly were markedly decreased in the rat cortex in the poisoning group compared to the normal control group(both P<0.05),at 6 hours and 12 hours they were significantly increased and after 24 h,they began to decline,but still maintained at relatively high levels. Compared with the aconitine poisoning group, after baicalin intervention for 1 hour,in the 15 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg baicalin intervention groups,the levels of Glu and Asp were markedly decreased〔Glu(μmol/L):309.39±14.59,307.22±23.69 vs. 370.46±40.31,Asp(μmol/L):143.43±8.36,129.12±4.86 vs. 222.97±6.26〕,while the levels of GABA and Gly were increased〔GABA(μmol/L):55.91±4.76,59.61±13.11 vs. 32.05±2.20,Gly(μmol/L):32.33±1.85,33.90±0.66 vs. 21.96±4.75〕,and the number of neuronal apoptosis was obviously decreased(cell/mm2:18.65±4.10,14.80±1.89 vs. 58.15±3.68,both P<0.05). Under microscope and electron microscope,the pathological and ultrastructural changes indicated that the aconitine poisoning group had the most marked cerebral cortex damage at 12 hours after poisoning,while the two baicalin intervention groups showed milder damage than that in aconitine poisoning group. Conclusions The neural toxic effect of aconitine in rats may be related to the imbalance between the neurotransmitter contents of excitatory Glu. Asp and inhibitory GABA,Gly in the cerebral cortex. Baicalin can decrease the contents of excitatory amino acid and elevate the inhibitory amino acid,therefore it may ameliorate the cerebral injury of acute aconitine intoxication in rats.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the curative effect of penile elongation with four differentoperative approaches.

METHODSThrough four different operative approaches (the coronary sulcus ringincision, Y or Z shaped incision or Z shaped incision combined with coronary sulcus ring incision), thepenile skin and fascia were degloved until the penile root. Then the superficial and deep dorsal penilesuspensory ligament were cut off. After electric coagulation of the residue ends, the two-side tissue at thefront of the pubic symphysis was sutured. Then the penile skin and fascia were repositioned and the incisionat the inner and outer plate was closed.

RESULTSThe increased penile static length was (2.9 ± 0.2) cmwith abdominal wall Y incision (12 cases); (3.1 ± 0.3) cm with transabdominal modified Z incision (260 cases); (3.9 ± 0.7) cm with coronary sulcus ring incision (363 cases); (3.4 ± 0.8) cm with combined incision (39 cases). The lengthening effect was significantly different between the coronary ring incision and abdominal wall Y/Z incision (P < 0.05). The postoperative follow-up period was 6 months to 5.5 years without serious complications. Only 3 cases of subcutaneous hematoma occurred with treatment of debridement and drainage. 4 cases with ischemic necrosis at distal penile skin, were treated with debridement, dressing and physiotherapy, leaving no scar.

CONCLUSIONSPenile lengthening surgery are safe and effective through different approaches. The coronal ring incision has the best therapeutic effect.

Bandages ; Debridement ; Drainage ; Electrocoagulation ; Fasciotomy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Ligaments ; surgery ; Male ; Necrosis ; surgery ; Organ Size ; Penis ; anatomy & histology ; pathology ; surgery ; Postoperative Period ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Skin ; Time Factors

Objective: To investigate the value of zTE ASL MRA in the follow-up of interventional treatment of intracranial aneurysm at 1.5 T, using DSA as gold standard. Methods: Patients with intracranial aneurysms who underwent coil embolization with or without stent were enrolled in this study. Both TOF MRA and zTE ASL MRA were performed on a 1.5T whole body scanner (MR360, GE, USA) equipped with an 8 channel head coil, and DSA was performed within one week of the MR examinations. Aneurysmal remnant and intra-stent opacity were analyzed. SE, PE, PPV, NPV of two MRA modalities in aneurysm recanalization detection were calculated. Kappa coefficient was used to determine the inter-reader and intra-reader reproducibility. Paired t test was used to test the visibility of in-stent lumen on two kinds of MRA. Results: A total of 24 patients (27 aneurysms) were included in this study, 23 aneurysms were treated with stent assisted embolization, four coil embolization. Thirteen cases of aneurysm remnant were detected by DSA, 15 by zTE ASL and 11 by TOF MRA. zTE ASL MRA had a relatively higher SE (100%) and NPV(100%) as compared with TOF MRA. The Kappa value in identification of aneurysm remnant was 0.85 between zTE MRA and DSA and 0.70 between TOF MRA and DSA, respectively. The inter-reader reproducibility was good (Kappa 0.70), while the intra-reader reproducibility was excellent(Kappa 0.85). There was statistical significance in the scoring results of the in-stent lumen visibility. Conclusion zTE ASL MRA proved to be a better imaging modality as compared to TOF MRA to evaluate the endovascular treatment effectiveness of intracranial aneurysms, especially for assessing the aneurysmal recurrence and in-stent lumen visibility.

Objective To understand the situation of college students' knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of innovation and entrepreneurship activities and analyze their influencing factors, in order to provide a scientific basis for further promotion of innovation and entrepreneurship activities. Methods A self-administered questionnaire survey using cluster sampling method was conducted among 850 undergraduates in a medical university in May, 2018. The demographic characteristics and questions pertaining to the KAP of innovation and entrepreneurship activities were collected, The weighted scores of KAP were calculated using the Delphi method. Chi-square test, multivariate logistic regression and linear regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Results A total of 850 questionnaires were sent out and 800 valid questionnaires were collected. The average scores and pass rates for the knowledge, attitude and practice of the 800 college students were (0.54 ±0.14), 38.1％; (0.56 ±0.23), 51.5％; and (0.37 ±0.19), 12.6％, respectively. Knowledge: the pass rate for the concepts related to innovation and entrepreneurship was 70.5％, and the pass rate for the policies related to innovation and entrepreneurship was 17.2％. The pass rate of senior students and excellent students were higher than those of junior students and students of lower academic competence (P=0.000, P=0.004). Attitudes: the pass rate for attitude towards the relationship between innovation and entrepreneurship and personal development was 63.6％, the pass rate for attitudes towards participation in innovation and entrepreneurship was 49.8％, and the pass rate for attitudes towards the school continuing to carry out innovation and entrepreneurship related activities was 23.8％. Practice:the pass rates for participation in scientific research and academic activities and social practice , voluntary cultivation of innovation ability and self-employment were 8.5％, 62.9％, 11.9％and 27.3％, respectively. The pass rate of senior grades was higher than that of junior grades (P=0.001). Scores for knowledge and those of attitude are positively correlated. Scores for practice and those of knowledge and attitude are positively correlated. Conclusion The higher pass rates for medical college students' attitude toward innovation and entrepreneurship activities as compared to those for knowledge and practice indicates high eagerness toward participation in innovation and entrepreneurship activities; a high rate knowledge is conducive to the cultivation of attitudes and the improvement of participation in activities . Therefore , it is necessary to strengthen the efforts in carrying out innovation and entrepreneurship activities , improve publicity and education, and promote the awareness-raising of innovation and entrepreneurship.

Objective: To investigate the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 early genes E2 and E6 and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) E2 and their interaction effects in the progression of the cervical cancer. Methods: Women with normal cervix (NC), low cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN Ⅰ) and high cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN Ⅱ/Ⅲ) from the cervical lesions cohort in Jiexiu County of Shanxi Province from June 2014 to September 2014, and patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) treated at the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University in the same period were enrolled in this study. There were 257 participants, about 67 NC cases (26.07%), 69 CIN Ⅰ cases (26.85%), 68 CIN Ⅱ/Ⅲ cases (26.46%), and 53 SCC cases (20.62%), respectively. The information of demographic characteristics, life health habits and cervical lesions were collected by using the structured questionnaire. Cervical exfoliated cells and cervical biopsy tissues were collected to detect the infection of HPV16 and the protein expression levels of hnRNP E2, HPV16 E2 and E6. According to the median-value of the protein expression levels of hnRNP E2, HPV16 E2 and E6 and E2/E6 ratio in the NC group, the study participants were divided into the high and low expression groups/ratio groups. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the correlation between HPV16 early gene E2 and E6, hnRNP E2 and cervical cancer. The interaction effect was analyzed by using the generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) model. Results: The ages of NC, CIN Ⅰ, CIN Ⅱ/Ⅲ and SCC groups were (47.00±9.07), (47.64±7.35), (46.37±8.67) and (51.26±8.03) years old, respectively. The multivariate logistic regression model analysis showed that the HPV16 E2 low expression, E6 high expression and E2/E6 low ratio could increase the risk of CIN Ⅱ/Ⅲ, about OR (95%CI) values 11.11 (1.63-75.56), 8.00 (1.28-50.04), and 9.75 (1.22-77.72), respectively and SCC, about OR (95%CI) values 14.22 (2.11-95.88), 10.33 (1.67-64.00), and 12.38 (1.56-97.91), respectively. The hnRNP E2 low expression could increase the risk of CIN Ⅱ/Ⅲ and SCC, about OR (95%CI) values 3.35 (1.39-8.10) and 5.53 (1.54-19.88). The result of GMDR showed that there were interaction effects of the hnRNP E2 low expression, HPV16 E2 low expression and HPV16 E6 high expression in both CIN Ⅱ/Ⅲ and SCC groups. Conclusion The HPV16 E2 low expression, HPV16 E6 high expression and hnRNP E2 low expression could increase the risk of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer, and they might have an important interaction effect in the progression of the cervical cancer.