OBJECTIVE:To study the change regular of esterase isozyme and peroxidase isozyme of Polyporus umbellatus. METHOD:Using polypropylene amide circle electrophoresis.RESULTS：The pattern and activity of isozyme in same strain had some difference at different culture days,but some of isozyme pattern bands of the Rf value were visible in whole culture stage.Every strain had its peculiar pattern bands.CONCLUSION:The number of isozyme pattern bands and enzyme activity were proportional to the growing rate of myceliun,as well as its metabolic activity.

[Objective]To evaluate the outcomes of treatment of unstable pelvic fractures with complex fixation.[Method]Twenty-eight cases of patients with unstable pelvic fracture from January 2000 to June 2007 were treated and followed-up.Eighteen cases were male,10 cases were female,aged from 22 to 68 years old,with the average of 38-years-old.The types of fracture were classified by Tile classification:Type B2 9 cases,Type B3 8 cases,Type C1 6 cases,Type C2 2cases,Type C3 3 cases.The 28 cases had different complicated injury,all the patients were treated with complex fixation.[Result]After being evaluated by the Matta scale and the functional outcome,the outcomes of reduction were excellent in 18 cases,good in 7,fair in 2 and poor in 1,with an excellent and good rate of 85%.[Conclusion]External fixation can win the time for the rescue,choose internal fixation after stable condition,the complex fixation technology is a good way to treat unstable pelvic fractures.

Objective To study the relationship between osteoporotic hip fracture (OHF) and polymorphism of cytochrome P450c19 genes. Methods By using a group correlation analysis, we made a case-control study of seven single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites groupinge and haplotype in 400 OHF patients from Shaanxi Guanzhong population and 400 normal samples as controls. Results A total of 700 samples were successfully genotyped. Correlation analysis identified three blocks and selected seven tag SNPs. According to the variance analysis, rs7167343, rs8031463, and polymorphism of haplotype 3 were associated with hip fracture. Conclusion Cytochrome P450c19 genes have association with the incidence of osteoporotic fracture in the Han population we studied from Shaanxi Guanzhong region. Therefore, cytochrome P450c19 genes may affect the incidence of osteoporotic hip fracture in the Han population from Guanzhong region, Shaanxi Province.

BACKGROUND: With the development of new materials and the improvement of prosthesis design, total knee arthroplasty(TKA), a commonly used surgery, has exhibited satisfying effect on the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthrosis. However, many problems still remain a headache to operation performers.OBJECTIVE: To discuss how to select the prosthesis for total knee replacement and to summarize the key factors that affect the curative effect.DESIGN: A controlled study of the effect before and after the operation.SETTING: Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University.PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-six patients(24 males and 12 females) who received TKA in the Department of Orthopaedics, First Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University during February 2000 to September 2003 were included in this study.METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out. Thirty-six patients(48knees) underwent total knee replacement, and the knee joint function was evaluated with American John N Install scoring system. The post-operation effect was evaluated by comparing the scores of each diseased knee before and after the operation.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The function of knees and the score of every knee before and after operation were evaluated.RESULTS: The mean score before operation was 39, but it was 85 after follow-up visit. Totally 95% of them were up to the standard. The pain was reduced after the operation. The flexion-extension function and mobility of the knee joints improved obviously.CONCLUSION: TKA with posterior stabilized prosthesis and resection of posterior cruciate ligament(PCL) improved the function of the diseased knees after the operation. And the operation was simple and without complications. The key factors that affect the curative effect include the mechanical balance of the soft tissues during the operation, perioperative anticoagulant treatment for the prevention of deep vein thrombosis(DVT) and postoperative rehabilitation training. Peripheral tissue of knee joints should be released adequately; otherwise, it may cause unstable joint or limitation of joint activity.

Objective To sum up the effect and experience in radiofrequency ablation(RFA) for liver cancer(LC). Methods The clinical data of 102 patients with LC treated by percutaneous and intraoperative RFA were analysed retrospectively. Results RFA was used to treat 195 tumors (median diameter 5.6 cm,ranging from 1.5 to 9.5 cm) in 102 patients.Of them, primary liver cancer was found in 80 patients( 78.4%),and metastatic liver tumor was in 22 patients(21.6%). Percutaneous RFA(PRFA) and intraoperative RFA(IRFA) was performed in 77 patients(75.5%) and 25 patients(24.5%) respectively. There was no severe complications after RFA in this series. All of the 102 cases had been followed up for 3～24months,AFP positive returned to negative in 70.3%(52/74)of the patients.The rate of concreted necrosis of liver cancer showed by CT was 88.2%(90/102). The 1 year survival rate was 93.8%.Conclusions RFA is a safe and effective treatment for patients with LC. Patients with small and readily accessible tumor are the indications of PRFA;while the patients with large,multiple,perivascular or otherwise inaccessible liver tumor are also the indications for IRFA.The adoption of the TACE and other methods to occlude the vascular inflow can improve the efficacy of RFA.

Objective To explore the feasibility of end-to-side neurorrhaphy in repairing nerve injury. Methods A group of 15 SD rats had the peroneal nerve sectioned and the distal endings sutured to the collateral face of tibial nerve after removing a 1 mm epineural window. Results After 3 months, electrophysiological studies showed electrical impulse conducted through the end-to-side junction. The electrical impulse conduction speed was lower than normal(P

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of MRS in prostate cancer based on sextant localization. Methods There were 110 patients, 54 patients with pathologically confirmed prostate cancer and 56 patients confirmed non-prostate cancer proved by ultrasound guided systemic biopsy. The (choline + creatine)/citrate (CC/C) value in each voxel and ratio of positive voxel (PVR) in sextant localization were measured. The ROC analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of CC/C in single voxel and PVR in sextant localization. Results There are 1673 and 2426 voxel in prostate cancer and non-prostate cancer respectively. The median of CC/C in cancer sextants was 2. 137; the median of CC/C in noncancer sextants was 0. 600. The difference of these two groups was statistically significant (Z = -41.7, P < 0. 01 ). The diagnostic sensitivity was 81.4% ( 1362/1673 ), the specificity was 83.1% (2018/2426), and the accuracy was 82.4% [ (1362+2018)/4099] for prostatic cancer with the cutoff point 0. 911 of the CC/C value. The median of PVR in cancer sextants and noncancer sextants were 1 and 0 respectively, the difference of PVR was statistically significant (Z = -11.7,P < 0.01 ). The diagnostic sensitivity was 77. 5% (148/191), the specificity was 76. 9% (247/321), and the accuracy was 77. 1% [ ( 148 + 247 )/ 512] for prostatic cancer with the cutoff point 0. 519 of the PVR. Conclusion Detecting the cutoff point of the CC/C value in single voxel and the PVR in sextant localization may be valuable in the diagnosis of prostate cancer.

Objective To compare the characteristics of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and different differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by CEUS and evaluate the diagnostic value of CEUS.Methods The cases who underwent CEUS and were pathologically demonstrated as ICC (n=34) and HCC (n=136) were observed.The characteristics of ICC and different differentiated HCC in conventional ultrasound and CEUS were analyzed,and the diagnostic efficiency of wash out time were calculated.Results ICC had higher percentage (24/34,70.59％) of washout emerging in early portal phase than those of HCC.And ICC had lower percentage (0;4/34,11.76％) of washout emerging in middle and late portal phase than poorly and moderate differentiated HCC.Poorly differentiated HCCs had higher percentage (16/41,39.02％) of washout emerging in middle portal phase than well differentiated HCC.The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value,accuracy,positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio of washout time in diagnosis of ICC were 82.35 ％ (28/34),91.18％ (124/136),70.00％ (28/40),95.38％ (124/130),89.41％ (152/170),9.4,0.2,respectively.The rise time of ICC and well,moderate and poorly differentiated HCC were (13.03 ± 3.49) s,(13.80 ± 3.04)s,(14.89±4.12)s,(16.00±3.38)s,respectively,and the difference was significant (F=4.369,P＜0.05).The rise time of ICC was significantly higher than that of well differentiated HCC (P＜0.05).Conclusion The CEUS performances are different significantly among ICCs and different differentiated HCCs,which has value for the differential diagnosis.

Objective To explore three-dimensional ultrasonographic features of common ocular diseases. Methods To acquire the data, the free-hand scanning without positioning system was employed in 3 to 5 seconds. Following or after acquisitions, the data were processed and 3D image was reconstructed. Then three-dimensional ultrasonographic features of ocular diseases were characterized. Results 3D images were rendered successfully on 46 eyes of 48 ones. The reconstruction of 3D ultrasonography provided clear stereo images in which shape, dimension, structure, location of retinal detachment, choroidal detachment, vitreous fibrous membrane, lens dislocation, intraocular foreign body and intraocular trauma could be clearly demonstrated. Conclusions 3D ultrasonography needs much shorter scanning time with good space visualization. In the diagnosis of ocular diseases 3D ultrasonic reconstruction can provide more useful information than traditional 2D ultrasonography.

Objective To study the correlation between osteoporosis and degeneration of intervertebral disc in the aging rat.Methods Fifty healthy SD rats were fed for twenty-two months in order to build the model of aging rats,the histology of femoral bone,tibial bone and lumbal vertebra was used to observe,then we evaluated the indexes which reflect the degeneration of intervertebral disc including the quantity of collagen type Ⅱ,Ⅹ of intervertebral disc by the immunohistochemistry methods,the relative area of vascular bud,the thickness of calcified layer and un-calcified layer on cartilage endplate and the indexes which reflect the osteoporosis including the thickness ratio of cortical bone,the relative area of bone trabecula,the bone density,the max stress and straining of bone.Results There was moderate or strong negative correlation among the indexes of the degeneration of intervertebral disc including the relative area of vascular bud,the ratio of the un-calcified and the calcified layer,the quantitation of collagen type Ⅱand the indexes of osteoporosis including the thickness ratio of cortical bone,the relative area of bone trabecula,the density of femoral bone and vertebral body bone,the max stress and straining of bone.However,there was moderate or strong positive correlation with the quantitation of collagen type Ⅹ,of which the bone density of vertebral body had the strongest dependablity with collagen type Ⅹ.And the indexes of bone biomechanics including the max stress and straining had no correlation with the indexes of degeneration of intervertebral disc.Conclusion Osteoporosis has negative correlation with the degeneration of intervertebral disc,which is not distributed to the environment factors;but the indexes of bone biomechanics including the max stress and straining have no correlation with the indexes of degeneration of intervertebral disc.