Purpose: To report the treatment result of astrocytoma of the brain treated by operation combined radiotherapy. Materials and Methods: 70 patients with brain astrocytoma were treated by radiotherapy after operation from January, 1978 to January, 1989. The radiation dose ranged from 40～64Gy/5～7wks. Results: The 1-,3- and 5-year survival were 91.7%,55.8% and 45.0%,respectively. Conclusion: Radiotherapy is necessary for patients with brain astrocytoma after operation.

The thoracic aorlae of 39 goats and the inferior venae cavae of 9 goats were anastomosed experimentally with the Large Blood Vessel Anastomat. The pathological changes of these vessels were observed dynamically within one year after the operation. It was found that the Large Blood Vessel Anastomat was rather effective. The vessels anastomosed with this instrument showed a better result than those anastomosed with manual suture.

Objective:To investigate the cognitive function and its influencing factors among residents in Qingdao city.Methods:The 5 311 research subjects over 65 years old were selected from Qingdao by simple random sampling and stratified sampling. All subjects were investigated by AD8 dementia early screening questionnaire and community screening instrument dementia (CSI-D) to evaluate the prevalence of cognitive decline in this study.The score of AD8 dementia early screening questionnaire ≥2 points or the score of CSI-D ≤7 points was considered to be cognitive decline. Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-square test, Fisher exact probability method, univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis and Bootstrap verification were performed using SPSS 26.0 software. Results:Among 5 311 subjects, 1 899 subjects had normal cognitive function (35.76%) and 3 412 subjects had cognitive decline (64.24%). The age of the cognitive decline group was significantly higher than that of the normal group ( P<0.01). There were significant differences in gender, educational level, rural residents, marital status, chronic medical history, hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis, cerebrovascular disease, intervertebral disc disease, ischemic heart disease, monthly household income and alcohol consumption between the two groups (all P<0.05). Univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that female ( β=0.313, OR=1.367, 95% CI=1.221-1.530), age ( β=0.052, OR=1.053, 95% CI=1.043-1.063), rural residents ( β=0.850, OR=2.340, 95% CI=2.042-2.682), widowed ( β=0.557, OR=1.745, 95% CI=1.500-2.029), chronic medical history ( β=0.290, OR=1.336, 95% CI=1.191-1.498), hypertension ( β=0.134, OR=1.143, 95% CI=1.020-1.281), rheumatoid arthritis ( β=0.458, OR=1.581, 95% CI=1.222-2.046), cerebrovascular disease ( β=0.584, OR=1.794, 95% CI=1.352-2.380), intervertebral disc disease ( β=0.578, OR=1.782, 95% CI=1.370-2.319), ischemic heart disease ( β=0.501, OR=1.651, 95% CI=1.272-2.143) were the risk factors for cognitive decline. Higher education level, higher monthly household income and abstinence ( β=-0.244, OR=0.783, 95% CI=0.619-0.992) were protective factors for cognitive decline. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age ( β=0.035, OR=1.036, 95% CI=1.025-1.047), rural residents ( β=0.215, OR=1.239, 95% CI=1.047-1.468), chronic medical history ( β=0.191, OR=1.210, 95% CI=1.067-1.372), cerebrovascular disease ( β=0.480, OR=1.616, 95% CI=1.195-2.187), intervertebral disc disease ( β=0.456, OR=1.578, 95% CI=1.190-2.094) were risk factors for Alzheimer's disease. Higher education level and higher monthly household income were protective factors for Alzheimer's disease. Conclusion:The elderly with chronic diseases, low income and low education level may be at the high risk of cognitive function decline, which should be paid attention to in early screening and intervention.

Objective　To analyze the clinical indications,efficacy and safety of Chinese minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy (MPCNL) in treating upper urinary calculi based on our experience.Methods　From June 1992 to September 2010,a total of 10,452 patients (6060 males and 4392 females)with a mean age of (47.6 ± 13.7) years (7 months-93 years) received MPCNL in our center.The mean stone burden was (777.4 ± 740.3) mm2 (20 - 4 080 mm2 ).The data of stone burden,operative techniques,operating time,stone-free rate,major complication,hospital stay and stone composition were investigated.　Results　Of the 10 452 cases,11 801 procedures were performed on 10 876 (5493 left and 5383right) renal units,including 10 102 first stage procedures,1604 secondary procedures,86 third procedures and 9 fourth procedures.There were 11 830 tracts established,including 373 (3.15％ ) tracts of 14 F,7867 (66.50％) tracts of 16 F and 3590 (30.35％) tracts of 18 F.There were 1207 (10.20％),9174(77.55％) and 1449 (12.25％) punctures located in upper,middle and lower pole,respectively.956(8.79％) renal units were managed with multiple tracts,which including 2 tracts in 846 (7.78％) units,3tracts in 85 (0.78％) units,4 tracts in 18 (0.17％) units and 5 tracts in 7 (0.06％) units.Pneumatic lithotripsy was used in 8563 (72.56％) procedures,Holmium:YAG laser lithotripsy was used in 2981(25.26％)　procedures and Pneumatic lithotripsy + Holmium: YAG laser lithotripsy was used in 257(2.18％) procedures.762 (7.29％) cases needed ESWL to clean the stone after MPCNL.The average operating time was ( 101.3 ± 44.2) min ( 10 -240 min).The stone-free rate of MPCNL was 89.9％,which increased to 93％ by adjunctive ESWL.And the mean hospital stay was ( 13.2 ± 6.4) days (2 - 72 days).The major complications happened on 321 (3.07％) cases,including 294 (2.81％ ) cases of blood transfusion,12 (0.11％ ) cases of sepsis,2 (0.02％) cases of renal abscess,9 (0.09％) cases of pleura injury,2 (0.02％) cases of colon injury and 2 (0.02％) cases of death.53 (0.51％) cases needed selective renal arterial embolization to achieve hemostasis.The main stone compositions were analyzed in 4345 cases.Calcium oxalate,calcium phosphate,magnesium ammonium phosphate,uric acid,ammonium urate,carbapatite and cystin were 91.74％,90.33％,14.91％,17.77％,4.83％,8.47％ and 0.51％,respectively. Conclusions　MPCNL is an effective and safe treatment option for all kinds of upper urinary calculi in patients at all ages with a high stone free rate and low major complication rate.

Background::Previous studies have shown that inflammation plays an important role in intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS). The platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) has recently emerged as a potential inflammatory biomarker. This study aimed to explore the association of the PLR with ICAS in a Chinese Han population.Methods::A total of 2134 participants (518 with ICAS, 1616 without ICAS) were enrolled in this study. ICAS was defined as atherosclerotic stenosis >50% or the occlusion of several main intracranial arteries. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association of the PLR with ICAS. Additional subgroup analyses were performed according to age (<60 vs. ≥ 60 years) and acute ischemic stroke. Results::Multivariate regression analysis showed that a high PLR was associated with a higher risk of ICAS in all participants ( P < 0.001). Compared with the lowest quartile, the fourth PLR quartile was significantly associated with ICAS (OR 1.705, 95% confidence interval 1.278–2.275, P < 0.001). In the subgroups stratified by age, an association between the PLR and ICAS was found in the late-life group ( P < 0.001), but not in the mid-life group ( P = 0.650). In the subgroups stratified by acute ischemic stroke, the relationship between an elevated PLR and a higher risk of ICAS remained unchanged (stroke group, P < 0.001; non-stroke group, P = 0.027). Conclusions::An elevated PLR was associated with a higher risk of ICAS in a Chinese Han population. The PLR might serve as a potential biomarker for ICAS in the elderly population.

Objective:To describe the characteristics and change trends of incidence, mortality and disease burden of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in Qingdao from 2014 to 2020.Methods:We analyzed the incidence data of AMI retrieved from Qingdao Chronic Diseases Surveillance System. The average annual percent change (AAPC) of morbidity and mortality of AMI were evaluated by using Joinpoint log-linear regression model. Disability adjusted life year (DALY) was used to estimate disease burden of AMI in Qingdao.Results:A total of 70 491 AMI cases and 50 832 deaths of AMI occurred in Qingdao from 2014 to 2020. The age-standardized morbidity and mortality were 54.71/100 000 and 36.55/100 000, respectively. During 2014-2020, the AAPC of age-standardized morbidity was 2.86% (95% CI: 0.42%-5.35%), and 4.30% (95% CI: 1.24%-7.45%) in men and 0.78% (95% CI: -0.89%-2.47%) in women, respectively. The log-linear regression model showed that age-standardized morbidity in age groups 30-39, 40-49 years increased rapidly, with the AAPCs of 8.92% (95% CI: 2.23%-16.06%) and 6.32% (95% CI: 3.30%-9.44%), respectively. The trend was also observed in age groups 30-39, 40-49 and 50-59 years in men, with the AAPCs of 11.25% (95% CI: 3.54%-19.54%), 6.73% (95% CI: 2.63%-10.99%) and 6.72% (95% CI: 2.98%-10.60%), respectively. There was no significant change in age-standardized mortality. The DALY rate increased from 7.49/1 000 in 2014 to 8.61/1 000 in 2020, with the AAPC of 1.97% (95% CI: 0.36%-3.60%). Conclusions:The age-standardized morbidity of AMI in men increased in Qingdao, especially in those aged 30-49 years, while age-standardized mortality rate of AMI was relatively stable from 2014 to 2020. The burden of disease of AMI increased in both men and women.

The results of studies on the association between tea consumption and Parkinson’s disease (PD) have been inconsistent. Therefore, the aim of this study was to perform an updated meta-analysis to better resolve any association between tea consumption and PD. We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library– from their commencement to November 2016 – for qualified studies that evaluated the associations between tea drinking and risk of PD. A total of nine case–control studies and three prospective cohort studies were included. The meta-analysis showed that tea consumption was associated with a reduced risk of developing PD(OR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.69–0.98) when case–control studies and prospective cohort trials were considered together. Subgroup analysis on the category of tea consumption and risk of PD showed that black tea was not associated with PD (OR: 0.89; 95% CI, 0.64–1.24; I2 =0.0%), but other kinds of tea was associated with a reduced risk of developing PD (OR: 0.67; 95% CI, 0.48–0.95; I2 =0.0%). Subgroup analysis on the dose of tea consumption and PD risk showed that drinking more than one cup of tea daily was associated with a reduced risk of developing PD in case–control studies (OR: 0.38; 95% CI, 0.22–0.66; I2 =0.0%). No indication of publication bias was found. In conclusion, the current evidence showed that tea consumption was associated with a reduced risk of developing PD. The results of our subgroup analysis suggested that people who drinking more than one cup of non-black tea daily might have a reduced risk of developing PD