Objective To explore the changes and clinical significance of sex hormone levels in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods The serum levels of estrodiol,testosterone,prolactin and E2/T ratio in normal control group(n =28),liver cirrhosis patients (n =28) and hepatocellular carcinoma patients (n =28) were determined by using chemiluminescente microparticle immunoassay method.All the data collected were calculated by the statistic software SPSS13.0 and ANOVA.Results In hepatocellalar carcinoma patients,the serum E2 (221.93 ±11.78) pmol/L,PRL (1.48 ± 0.02) nmol/L and E2/T ratio (3 889.37 ± 14.28) were significantly higher than those of normal control:E2(117.64 ±5.18)pmol/L,PRL (0.78 ±0.17) nmol/L,E2/T (558.23 ±11.19),while serum T level (0.06 ±0.08)nmol/L in hepatocellular carcinoma patients was significantly lower than that of normal control group (0.21 ± 0.07) nmol/L (t =17.52,10.73,1 1.12,14.69,all P ＜ 0.05).The comparison of sex hormone levels and E2/T ratio between metastasis patients and those without metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma patients had no statistically significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Sex hormones levels were related with the hepatocellular carcinoma development.The higher level of serum E2/T ratio would indicate poor prognosis.

Recombinat plasmid pJSB13 has an insert of 121-937 bp of human IL-2R_? cDNA in multiple cloning site of pGEM3 vector.This plasmid was digested with EcoR I to linearize it and then in vitro transcripted with SP6 RNA polymerase and capped with cap structure analog 7mG (5') G.The capped transcripts were translated in rabbit reticutocyte lysate or Xenopus Iaevis oocytes respectively. The results demonstrated that they can be efficiently translated as functional mRNA in both systems. Moreover, the translation product, IL-2R_?,can be secreted into oocvte culture medium.The program we had used enables one to produce and identify mRNA and conse quently protein from any cDNA clone. Furthermore this research can be of much helpful to the researches on the relationship between structure, function and expression of IL-2R_?.

Baed on widely using PBL teaching mode in medical education the author made some exploration on the establishment of the academic evaluation of PBL for the principle for students' achievements.

Early prognostication of neurological outcome in comatose survives after cardiopulmonary resuscitation,an essential component of post-cardiac arrest care is significantly meaningful in both clinical and economic fields.From the perspectives of predictors based on neurological examination,electroencephalogram,evoked potentials,neuroimaging and blood biomarkers and taking advantage of therapeutic hypothermia into consideration,this article reviews the development in evaluation of neurological outcome in comatose survives after cardiac arrest.

Objective To observe the velocity of left ventricular wall motion features of normal subjects and patients with abnormal regional wall movement of left ventricle with the quantitative tissue velocity imaging(QTVI),and to know whether variances exit between the velocity of left ventricular myocardial motion of the normal subjects and the abnormal subjects with coronary artery disease(CAD) and myocardial ischemia. The practical value of QTVI on myocardium movement of left ventricle was evaluated. Methods The segmental left ventricular wall motion velocity was measured on 27 normal subjects and 21 patients with CAD and myocardial ischemia,including three waves,peak velocity of systolic S wave,diastolic E wave,A wave, and time velocity integrate of S wave(S TVI) was used as measurement parameters.The parameters were analysed between the two groups. Results The velocity and S TVI were gradually decreased from base to apex in the same wall in the control group.There were some abnormal segmental movements in the abnormal group. S wave ,E wave and S TVI of diseased segments in the abnormal group were much lower than those of control group ( P  0.05 ). Conclusions QTVI can quantitatively measure the velocity in abnormal movement segment of ventrical wall of patients with CAD and myocardial ischemia.S wave,E wave and S TVI are better parameters of assessing systolic function of left ventricle.QTVI has clinical application in regional myocardial motion function evaluation.

Objective To investigate the effects of autophagy on breast cancer cells to tamoxifen resist-ance.Methods Immunofluorescence was used to count the proportion of the cells with autophagy in MCF -7 and MCF-7/TAMR,as well as ,the average of autophagosome in each cells .Western blotting was used to detect the different expressions of p38,c-jun and LC3 in MCF-7 and MCF-7/TAMR.Stepwise selection was used to detect the duration of resistance to different doses of tamoxifen when upregulating or downregulating of LC 3.West-ern blot was facilitated to investigate changes of activity of p 38/c-jun.Rusults Compared with MCF -7,the proportion of the cells with autophagosome in MCF -7/TAMR was markedly increased ,the same as the average of autophagosome in each cells .Compared with MCF-7,LC3,especially LC3IIprotein expressive levels in MCF -7/TAMR was significantly increased .The expressive level of LC3 during the induction process of TAM resistance was negative correlated with resistant cell lines .The expressions of phosphorylated p 38 and c-Jun in MCF-7/TAMR were significantly increased .Conclusion Autophagy promotes breast cancer cells to resistant to tamox-ifen,due to downregulation of the expression of autophagy related proteins which may inhibit the generation of re -sistant breast cancer cells .This may be a viable treatment strategy for refractory breast cancer .

Recently,in the management of estrogen receptor(ER)positive breast canner,endocrine thera-py is the main treatment method;and estrogen receptor -α( ER-α) has obtained popularity as one of the most common targets .There are many known risk factors for ER function in breast canner such as ER gene mutation ;unbalanced microenvironment;signal transduction pathway disorders .While more and more attention is paid to the changes in ER expression and function induced by epigenetic aberrations .ER gene promoter methylation induces down regulation and deletion in ER expression ,which has not only a most highly incidence in epigenetic aberra-tions,but also a widen degree of research .Histone modification could influence ER -αexpression and function , either.However,the special mirco RNAs(miRNAs)are also implicated in the regulation of ER -α,and affect the therapy of tamoxifen in breast tumor .

Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in women.Early diagnosis plays a very important role in the treatment of breast cancer.Recently,with the development of epigenetics,it gives us a new orientation for early detection for cancers.The most understood mechanism of epigenetics is DNA methyla-tion.Ras associated domain family 1A gene(RASSFlA)promoter methylation occurres in tumor′s early stage,and have a statistically concern with tumor′s TNM stage,invasiveness and outcomes.Moreover,DNA methylation can be reversed,so RASSF1A can be a promising candidate for early breast cancer detection biomarker,and can be a potential orientation for breast cancer treatment.

AIM:To study the chemical constituents in aerial parts of Arachis hypogea L. METHODS:Compounds were isolated and purified with silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography,and their structures were determined by using spectroscopic analysis including MS and NMR. RESULTS:Four compounds were isolated and identified as ?-sitosterol(Ⅰ)、isomedicarpin(Ⅱ)、soyasapogenol B(Ⅲ)、daucosterol(Ⅳ). CONCLUSION:Compound Ⅱ was isolated from this plant for the first time.

Objective: To investigate the effect of Nano-Se with lower toxicity on the anti-tumor effect of cisplatin. Method: For toxicity comparison, mice were orally administered Nano-Se and sodium selenite to observe death, body weight loss and liver injury. As to the protective effect of Nano-Se on the toxicity of cisplatin, mice with and without Nano-Se supplementation were injected cisplatin to observe death and body weight loss. For evaluation of whether Nano-Se influence the anti-tumor effect of cisplatin, Lewis lung carcinoma was transplanted into mice, and the survivor and tumor volume were recorded to compare the effect of Nano-Se supplementation on cisplatin. Results: The toxicity of Nano-Se is significantly lower than sodium selenite. Nano-Se can decrease toxicity of cisplatin without compromising its anti-tumor effect. Conclusion: Nano-Se with lower toxicity can improve the therapeutic effect of cisplatin.